金不换群三七液对哺乳动物致突变和致畸安全性评价

研究了金不换鲜三七液特殊毒理学效应的致突变性。以小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验,小鼠睾丸减数分裂染色体畸变及小鼠致畸试验为指标,研究金不换鲜三七液的安全性。结果：（１）小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验：低,中,高３个剂量组小鼠肌髓细胞染色体畸变率分别为０．７％,０．２％和０．９％,与对照组相比无显著差异。阳性对照组染色体畸变率大大增高。（２）小鼠睾丸减数分别细胞染色体畸变;在本实验条例上,小鼠睾丸细胞染色体     

金不换鲜三七液对哺乳动物致突变和致畸安全性评价

研究了金不换鲜三七液特殊毒理学效应的致突变性。以小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验、小鼠睾丸减数分裂染色体畸变及小鼠致畸试验为指标, 研究金不换鲜三七液的安全性。结果： （ａ） 小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验： 低、中、高３ 个剂量组小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率分别为０－７ ％ 、０－２％ 和０－９ ％ , 与对照组相比无显著差异。阳性对照组染色体畸变率大大增高。（ｂ） 小鼠睾丸减数分裂细胞染色体畸变： 在本实验条件下, 小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变率［ 包括性染色体单价体（Ｘ－ ＹＵ） , 常染色体单价体（ＡＵ）］ 在各实验组和对照组之间无显著差异。（ｃ） 小鼠致畸试验： 小鼠口服金不换鲜三七液的累积剂量达１５ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重的１／１０、１／５ 和１／２ , 小鼠致畸试验也无显著差异。实验结果表明, 金不换鲜三七液安全无毒。     

槲皮素对中国地鼠肺成纤维细胞、小鼠骨髓细胞和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体影响的初步研究

目的:研究槲皮素对中国地鼠肺成纤维细胞、小鼠骨髓细胞和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体的影响.方法:采用80、40、20、10、5μg/mL 5个剂量组的槲皮素在有或无代谢活化条件下处理体外培养的中国地鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)3小时后更换新鲜培养液,恢复生长21小时后收获细胞制片.体内试验以10000、5000、2500mg/kg剂量的槲皮素给ICR小鼠灌胃后取股骨骨髓、两侧睾丸进行制片.观察槲皮素对三种哺乳动物细胞染色体的影响.结果:在有或无代谢活化条件下槲皮素在浓度>10μg/mL均能够诱导CHL细胞染色体断裂和交换等,染色体细胞畸变率显著增加(P<0.01);而槲皮素各剂量组未引起小鼠骨髓细胞染色体断片、交换、畸变细胞率显著增加,亦未引起小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体断片、易位、畸变细胞率、常染色体单价体、性染色体单价体显著增加.结论:在本试验条件下槲皮素对体外哺乳动物细胞显示出明显致突变性,存在潜在的遗传毒性,对体内哺乳动物体细胞及生殖细胞染色体无明显损伤作用.     

蛇毒心脏毒素对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用初步研究

目的探讨蛇毒心脏毒素（ＣＴＸ）对荷瘤小鼠Ｓ１８０腹水瘤细胞生长抑制的影响。方法小鼠腹腔接种Ｓ１８０活瘤细胞,连续１０ｄ分别腹腔注射ＣＴＸ０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,分析统计荷瘤小鼠的体重变化和癌细胞死亡率,并用有丝分裂完全阻断法分析体内癌细胞的有丝分裂过程。结果ＣＴＸ各剂量组荷瘤小鼠的体重抑制和癌细胞死亡率均有明显的剂量反应关系,与对照组相比有显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;镜检发现ＣＴＸ能抑制体内癌细胞的有丝分裂,表现在０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ实验组腹水Ｓ１８０细胞处于有丝分裂前期和中期的细胞数量明显减少,其ＭＩ值分别为０．７１％和０．８０％,比对照组显著减少（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论ＣＴＸ对Ｓ１８０小鼠体内癌细胞的生长有抑制和杀伤作用,并通过干扰和阻断癌细胞的有丝分裂过程,抑制腹水的生长。     

治疗用武汉抗CD3单克隆抗体(WuT_3)的致突变性研究

观察了武汉抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体（简称ＷｕＴ３）对组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００及ＴＡ１０２菌株的回复突变作用。结果显示在５～５０００μｇ／皿的剂量范围内,ＷｕＴ３所致的诱发回复突变菌落数与自发回复突变菌落数之比ＭＲ（Ｒｔ／Ｒｃ）,无论加大鼠肝匀浆,辅酶Ⅱ及葡萄糖６－磷酸（Ｓ－９混合液）或不加Ｓ－９混合液,均不超过２。同时观察了ＷｕＴ３对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率及对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率的影响,结果显示小白鼠ｉｖＷｕＴ３,每日一次,连续２日,在２５～１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１范围内,ＷｕＴ３各剂量组的微核细胞率与溶剂对照组相比均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）阳性组与溶剂对照组相比有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＷｕＴ３在２５～２５０μｇ／瓶的剂量范围内,各剂量组的染色体畸变细胞率与溶剂对照组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而ＣＰ组与溶剂对照组相比有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。三项试验结果均未发现ＷｕＴ３有致突变性作用     

益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性评价

目的 评估益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性,为其应用提供依据。方法 通过大鼠急性经口毒性试验、细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验、小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验及大鼠28 d经口毒性试验研究益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的安全性。结果 大鼠急性经口毒性试验结果显示,益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）对大鼠的经口急性毒性LD50均大于15.00 g/（kg·BW）,根据急性毒性分级标准属实际无毒。细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果均显示阴性。大鼠28 d经口毒性试验结果表明,实验组大鼠体质量、摄食量、食物利用率、眼部状况、血液学指标、血液生化指标、脏器指数、大体及病理学检查结果与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论 益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）具有良好的毒理学安全性。     

金荞麦的致突、致畸研究

本文报道了中草药金荞麦的致突、致畸试验。研究结果表明,金荞麦1-5000μg/皿的7个剂量,对Ames 4个标准菌株（±S9）未诱发阳性突变;对正定霉素和甲基甲烷磺酸醋所诱发的TA98和TA100菌株的回复突变,具有杭突变作用;对NIH系小鼠未见诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率增加;对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞染色体（±S9)无诱发畸变作用;对NIH系小鼠的生殖能力和胎鼠的生长发育未见不良影响,对胎鼠外观、骨骼、内脏无致畸作用。     

蛇毒心脏素对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用初步研究

目的 探讨蛇毒心脏毒素（ＣＴＸ）对荷瘤小鼠Ｓ１８０腹水瘤细胞生长抑制的影响。方法 小鼠腹腔接种Ｓ１８０活瘤细胞,连续１０ｄ分别腹腔注ＣＴＸ０．８ｍｋｇ、０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,分别统计荷瘤小鼠的体重变化和癌细胞死亡率,并用有丝分裂完全民法分析体内癌细胞的有丝分裂过程,结果 ＣＴＸ各剂量组荷瘤小鼠的体重抑制和癌细胞的有丝分裂,表现在０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ实验组腹水Ｓ１８０细胞处于有丝分裂前期和     

频繁使用染发剂对小鼠染色体畸变率影响的研究

研究了多次接触７ 种染发剂对不同组小鼠骨髓和生殖细胞染色体畸变率的影响。结果发现, ７ 种染发剂均导致出现较高的染色体畸变率,３ 种能引起小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率显著上升, 其中以粉末状染发剂的影响最为严重。４ 种染发剂对进行生殖细胞染色体畸变实验的小鼠均产生显著影响, 尤以氧化型染发剂最为明显。     

氧氟沙星对小鼠生殖毒性和致畸性的研究

目的研究氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育的影响,确定其是否存在生殖毒性和致畸性。方法①雄鼠分别灌服各剂量氧氟沙星,连续10d,末次给药24h后与母鼠合笼,在妊娠第三天取胚胎,记录各剂量组胚胎发育率。②孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服高、中、低剂量[36、72和360mg(kg.bw)]氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药3d,在妊娠第三天收集胚胎,记录胚胎发育率。③孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服各剂量氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药10d,在妊娠第16天取出胎鼠,记录胎鼠体重、胎盘重、活胎数、胎鼠外观畸形和内脏畸形等指标。结果给药组与对照组相比,雄鼠服用高剂量组360mg(kg.bw)氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著(P<0.05),而中等剂量和低剂量组对着床前胚胎发育的影响不显著(P>0.05)。雌鼠服用不同剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响不显著(P>0.05)。氧氟沙星对受孕鼠的活胎数和吸收胎数均无明显影响,给药组的活鼠体重、胎盘重均未见明显差异(P>0.05);药物组和对照组均未出现外观畸形和内脏畸形,也不存在剂量和效应关系。结论孕鼠服用不同剂氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育无明显的影响,表明氧氟沙星对雌性鼠不具有明显的生殖毒性和致畸性;但雄鼠服用高剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.