牛心朴子中的三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子( Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski.) 须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4 个C₂₁ 甾体配糖体: 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 1) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 ) -α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷(2) , 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-(1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 3) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 4) , 分别命名为komaroside I (1) , komaroside J ( 2) , komaroside K ( 3) , komaroside L ( 4) , 除化合物1 外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

川麦冬中的新C_(27)甾体甙(英文)

从百合科植物川麦冬 (OphiopogonjaponicusKer_Gawl.)块根中分离得到 4个C2 7甾体甙类化合物 ,其中两个为新化合物 :ophiopojaponinA ( 1)和B ( 2 )。它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法鉴定为 :pennogenin 3_O_[2′_O_acetyl_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl ( 1→ 2 ) ]_β_D_xylopyranosyl ( 1→ 3)_β_D_glucopyranoside ( 1) ,2 6_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl_( 2 2 ξ,2 5R)_3β ,14α ,2 2 ξ ,2 6_tetrahydroxyfurost_5_ene 3_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl ( 1→ 2 )_β_D_glucopyranoside ( 2 ) ,diosgenin 3_O_[α_L_rhamnopyra nosyl( 1→ 2 ) ]_β_D_xylopyrano_syl ( 1→ 3)_β_D_glucopyranoside ( 3)andruscogenin 1_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl( 1→ 2 ) ]_β_D_xy lopyranosyl ( 1→ 3)_β_D_fucopyranoside ( 4)。     

中药巴戟天中水溶性多糖的分离及结构鉴定(英文)

中药巴戟天(Morinda officinalis)的根经过水提、醇沉、脱色和离子交换得到水溶性多糖(MOHP-1),经过FIIR、HPLC、NMR和GC-MS分析,最后确定MOHP-1是由果糖以(2→1)糖苷键连接的菊淀粉性多糖,其结构为α-Glcp-(1→2)-[β-Fruf-(2→1)-β-Frucf]n。     

根瘤菌TISTR 386胞外酸性多糖的结构研究

根瘤菌TISTR 386胞外酸性多糖有二种九糖的重复单位构成。重复单位主要成份是D一葡萄糖,D一半乳糖和D一葡萄糖醛酸,它们的克分子比例分别是6：l：2和5：2：2。另外还含有一些丙酮酸和醋酸。甲基化分析表明,这个多糖由一个(1→3)键,一个(1→6)键,三个(1→4)键,一个(1→4,1→6)键连结的葡萄糖残基,一个(1→3)键连结的D-半乳糖残基,以及一个(1→3)键,一个(1→4)键连结的D-葡萄糖醛酸残基所组成。非还原末端糖残基是D葡萄糖或是带有丙酮酸的D一半乳糖,这也是二种九糖重复单位区别所在。     

金铁锁的新三萜皂甙

从金铁锁（Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)根部分离得到5个齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷,它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法分别鉴定为：3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyra-nosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(LobatosideI,3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→）-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-grpsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rh-amnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5),其中5为新化合物,1和2为首次从自然界中分离得到。     

食用菌多糖的提取纯化及生物活性研究进展

食用菌多糖因具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂等生物活性而备受关注.食用菌多糖的结构影响其生物活性,具有(1→3)、(1→4)、(1→6)及混合糖苷键的β-D-葡聚糖是高活性食用菌多糖的结构特征之一,展现出提高抗氧化酶活性、促进分泌抗癌因子、刺激脾脏和胸腺细胞增殖等不同功能.酸碱、超声波及微波、Sevag法、...     

小花盾叶薯蓣甙的酶降解

从小花盾叶薯蓣 (DioscoreaparvifloraC .T .Ting)的新鲜根状茎中分离到一个新的呋甾烷型配糖体 ,命名为小花盾叶薯蓣甙 (parvifloside) (1) ,其结构通过波谱和化学方法鉴定为 :(2 5R)_2 6_O_β_glucopyranosyl_furost_5_en_3β ,2 2 ξ ,2 6_triol 3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl (1→ 3)_β_D_glucopyranosyl (1→ 4 )_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 2 ) ]_β_D_glucopyra noside。化合物 1在纤维素酶粗酶和 β_葡萄糖苷酶中进行水解 ,得到降解产物 2 - 7。对 1的酶解现象进行了讨论。同时 ,对所分离的甾体皂甙的抗稻瘟霉菌活性进行了初步筛选。     

小花盾叶薯蓣甙的酶降解

从小花盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea parviflora C. T. Ting)的新鲜根状茎中分离到一个新的呋甾烷型配糖体,命名为小花盾叶薯蓣甙(parvifloside) (1),其结构通过波谱和化学方法鉴定为:(25R)-26-O-β-glucopyranosyl-furost-5-en-3β, 22ξ, 26-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside.化合物1在纤维素酶粗酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶中进行水解,得到降解产物2-7.对1的酶解现象进行了讨论.同时,对所分离的甾体皂甙的抗稻瘟霉菌活性进行了初步筛选.     

当归多糖的分离、纯化及单糖成分分析

选取当归为原料,采用水提醇沉法进行多糖提取,经Savage法结合木瓜蛋白酶法脱蛋白,H2O2脱色,透析,DEAE-52纤维素柱分离得到5个级分。经紫外光谱法与葡聚糖凝胶-100(SephadexG-100)凝胶柱层析法鉴定5种成分均为单一成分;通过红外光谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析该五种成分,5级多糖成分均为果胶类多糖;WASP-1可能是吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-2为β-型吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-3既是β-型吡喃环当归多糖复合物,又是α-型D-吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-4为吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-5为β-型当归多糖复合物,可能含有吡喃环;经GC-MS鉴定,WASP-1、WASP-2及WASP-3中单糖组成为山梨糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖;WASP-4中单糖组成为葡萄糖与半乳糖;WASP-5中仅含葡萄糖。     

传统中药漆姑草（Sagina japonica）中的C-27甾体成分

利用Diaion HP 20及硅胶柱层析进行化合物的分离,从乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到了4个化合物,借助多种光谱技术进行结构鉴定分别鉴定为(25R)-螺甾-5-烯-1β,3β-二醇1-O{O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]1β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷}(ophiopogonin D,1),(25R)-ruscogenin 1-O-[2-O-(乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)][β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷(2),(25R)-rascogenin 1-O-[3-0-(乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)][β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷(3),蜕皮甾酮(4).所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分得.     

Structure of Hemicellulose Isolated from Rice Endosperm Cell Wall : Mode of Linkages and Sequences in Xyloglucan, β-Glucan and Arabinoxylan

A hemicellulosic polysaccharide, which was homogeneous on sedimentation analysis and also on electrophoresis, was isolated from the rice endosperm cell walls by the combination of alkaline extraction, ion exchange chromatography and iodine complex formation. It is composed of arabinose, xylose and glucose (molar ratio, 1.0: 2.0: 5.7) together with a small amount of galactose and rhamnose. Methylation analysis, Smith degradation and fragmentation with cellulase showed that this polysaccharide is composed of three distinct polysaccharide moieties i.e., xyloglucan, β-glucan and arabinoxylan. The xyloglucan consists of β-(1→4)-linked glucan back bone and short side chains of single xylose units or galactosylxylose both attached to C-6 of the glucose residues. The β-glucan contains both (1 →3)-and (1→4)-linkages similarly to the other cereal β-glucans, but differ from them in containing the blocks of (1→3)-linked glucose residues in the chain. The arabinoxylan has a highly branched structure, in which 78% of (1→4)-linked xylose residues have short side chains of arabinose at C-3 position.

On the basis of these findings, the interconnection of these polysaccharide moieties is discussed.     

金顶侧耳多糖PC-4的结构确定与抗肿瘤活性的研究

从3％三氯乙酸浸提过的金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)子实体中分离纯化另一水溶性多糖PC-4。该多糖分子量约为189Kd。纸层析与气相层析分析表明其为单一葡聚糖。经高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,甲基化,气相层析,气质联机分析,核磁共振(~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR)谱及红外光谱测定等,可确定PC-4的主链结构由β(1→3)糖苷键相连的葡萄糖构成,部份残基C_6上带有分支。约每5个糖残基有两个侧链,侧链仅为1个葡萄糖残基。 给ICR小鼠腹腔注射PC-4,对移植性肿瘤S-180有一定的抑制作用,抑瘤率为67％。离体条件下,PC-4与肿瘤细胞S-180共同培养,则未显示抑瘤作用。     

A complex polysaccharide from the seeds of anthocephalus indicus a. rich

The seeds of Anthocephalus indicus contain a water-soluble polysaccharide composed of D-xylose, D-mannose, and D-glucose in the molar ratios 1:3:5. Methylation analysis afforded 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-xylose, 2,3,6,-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose in the molar ratios 7:21:12:15:8. Periodate oxidation and methylation data indicated 22.5% and 21.9% of end groups, respectively. The above findings, together with the results of partial hydrolysis with acid, indicate the polysaccharide to consist of a linear chain of (1→4)-linked β-D-mannosyl and β-D-glucosyl residues to which α-D-xylosyl and β-D-glucosyl groups are attached by (1→6)-linkages.     

安络小皮伞中水溶性多糖的研究——Ⅰ.甘露聚糖 FP_1 的纯化与结构研究

从安络小皮伞水溶性多糖中分离纯化得一甘露聚糖 FP_1。分子量约为24万。经红外光谱、~+H-NMR 谱和亲和层析指明为β-甘露聚糖。结构分析采用高碘酸氧化、Smith 降解、完全甲基化 GC、GC-MS 与~(13)C-NMR 分析,分子的主链是β-D-(1→6)连接的甘露糖,支链为β-(1→3),β(1→2)甘露糖,分别连接在主链的 O-3和 O-2上。     

Structural analysis of suisen glucomannan

The main component of the mucilage in the bulbs of Suisen (Narcissus tazetta L., var. chinensis Roem) has been shown to be a glucomannan composed of D-glucose and D-mannose in the ratio of 2:3 and having a relatively low degree of branching. Acetolysis of the polysaccharide led to the isolation of β-(1→4)-β-(1→3)-linked oligosaccharides composed of D-mannose and/or D-glucose residues. The average chain length (c.1.) of the polysaccharide was determined by methylation analysis to be about 22.     

Structural studies on an antitumor polysaccharide from Microellobosporia grisea

The structure of the antitumor polysaccharide from the actinomycete Microellobosporia grisea has been investigated. By methylation and periodate-oxidation studies, the polysaccharide was shown to consist of (nonreducing)d-mannosyl groups, (1→4)-linkedd-glucosyl residues, and 3,6-branched, (1→4)-linkedd-glucosyl residues in the approximate molar ratios of 2:1:1. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide, followed by borohydride reduction and mild hydrolysis with acid yielded glycerol, erythritol, 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-erythritol, and 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane, which were isolated in the molar ratios of 2.0:0.14:0.74:0.35. Partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide gave α-d-Man p-(1→6)-d-Glcp, β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-d-Glcp, α-d-Man p-(1→3)-d-Glcp, and β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-[α-d-Man p-(1→3)-]-d-Glcp. From these results, it is proposed that the polysaccharide is mainly composed of tetrasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure.     

Some structural features of a new sulphated heteropolysaccharide from Padina pavonia

An acid-extractable, water-soluble, polysaccharide sulphate, isolated from Padina pavonia, comprised variable proportions of glucuronic acid, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, and fucose in addition to a protein moiety. Partial acid hydrolysis and autohydrolysis of the free acid polysaccharide yielded several oligosaccharides. Evidence from periodate oxidation studies indicated that the inner polysaccharide portion is composed of (1 → 4)-linked β-D-glucuronic acid, (1 → 4)-linked β-D-mannose and (1 → 4)-linked β-D-glucose residues. The heteropolymeric partially sulphated exterior portion is attached to the inner part and comprises various ratios of (1 → 4)-linked β-D-galactose, β-D-galactose-3-sulphate residues, (1 → 4)-linked β-D-glucose residues, (1 → 2)-linked α-L-fucose 4-sulphate residues and (1 → 3)-linked β-D-xylose residues.     

An Investigation on Relation Between Polysaccharide and Protein in Panax ginseng Pectin

Two proteoglycans (PA, PB) have been isolated from hot water extract of fresh ginseng roots Through Sepharose 4B gel chromotography it has been determined that both PA and PB are homogeneous fractions but contain proteins. By means of analysis of amino acid, G. C., β-elimination reaction, partial hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis it has been determined that both PA and PB are pro- teoglycans and the carbohydratepeptide linkaged by O-glycosidic bond of sugar to threonine Moreover, there is another protein in PB rich in alkaline amino acid (59.9%) combined with the galacturonic acid in polysaccharide by electrostatic force. The protein is dissociated from polysaccharide under the electric-field force in gel electrophoresis. PI of this protein is 9.1.     

深层培养云芝菌丝体蛋白多糖的提取及性质

采用水、３％草酸和０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠为溶剂分别提取深层培养的云芝〔Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｔｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒ．〕菌丝体蛋白多糖,其得率分别为菌丝体干重的２０％、４９％和１９％。提取的粗多糖经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００柱层析进一步分离、纯化,纯化的多糖经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离后呈现一个斑点,在ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００柱层析中有一个对称峰,紫外及红外光谱分析和蛋白质含量测定表明该多糖为蛋白多糖,其蛋白质和多糖含量在水提多糖中分别为１３％和６２％、在酸提多糖中分别为５％和９１％。在碱提多糖中分别为３％和８１％。组成该多糖的主要单糖是葡萄糖和木糖。     

Protective effect of a polysaccharide from stem of Codonopsis pilosula against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

In this study, we purified a homogeneous polysaccharide (S-CPPA1) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 133.2kDa from the stem of Codonopsis pilosula for the first time. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis identified that S-CPPA1 contained glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molar ratio of 10.5:3.4:1.7, along with a trace of mannose. Methylation analysis suggested S-CPPA1 was a branched polysaccharide, with five glucosidic linkage forms, namely (1→4)-linked Glcp (residue A), (1→6)-linked Galp (residue B), (1→2,6)-linked Glcp (residue C), (1→5)-linked Araf (residue D), and non-reducing terminal (1→)-linked Glcp (residue E). The protective effect of S-CPPA1 on kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was also evaluated. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and TNF-α levels, as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (AST) activities were elevated in the I/R group as compared to the sham group. On the other hand, S-CPPA1 treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations, which were induced by I/R. The findings imply that S-CPPA1 plays a causal role in the protection against I/R-induced renal injury and its renoprotective effect is probably mediated by inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α release.