家兔侧脑室内和视上核内注入新斯的明、六甲双胺对迷走-加压反应的影响

实验用家兔46只,乌拉坦麻醉,人工呼吸,颈动脉插管直接描记血压。兔头固定在立体定位仪上,按照 Sawyer 图谱定位、把微量注射针插入脑室和双侧视上核。比较注药前后刺激迷走神经中枢端所产生的加压反应,见到脑室内和视上核内注入新斯的明加强了迷走-加压反应,注入六甲双胺则使此反应减弱。支持了迷走-垂体后叶通路是加压反应的重要组成部分,乙酰胆碱是此反应的一个中间递质的论证。     

大鼠孤束核神经降压素在迷走—加压反应中的作用

采放放射免疫、核团微量注射及组织荧光分光测定等实验方法,研究了大量孤束核神经降压素对迷走－加压反应的影响,结果表明,１．不走神经向中端,孤束核神经降压素免疫活性物的含量明显增高;２．孤束核内注入抗神经降压素血清后,刺激颈迷走神经向中端,迷走－加压反应明显;３．孤束核内注入神经降压素后,刺激颈迷走神经向中端,迷走－加压反应明显减弱,４．孤束核注入神经降压素后,刺激颈迷走神经向中端,孤束核去甲腺素含量     

脑室注射纳洛酮对大鼠迷走-加压反应的影响

本文研究了太鼠的迷走-加压反应和脑室注射纳洛酮对大鼠迷走-加压反应的影响。其结果为:1.刺激大鼠迷走神经向中端,可出现迷走-加压反应;2.脑室注射纳洛酮15—20分钟左右,大鼠迷走-加压反应显著抑制;50分钟左右抑制效应解除,迷走-加压反应开始复现。以上事实提示:内源性阿片样物质参与大鼠的迷走-加压反应过程,对迷走-加压反应可能起加强作用。     

棕色田鼠幼仔对双亲气味的行为反应

利用双向气味选择实验,观察了10日龄、14日龄、18日龄以及22日龄的棕色田鼠(Lasiopodomys mandarinus)幼仔对双亲底物和陌生鼠底物的行为反应,探讨了幼仔对双亲气味辨别的行为发育。10日龄的幼仔对双亲底物与陌生鼠底物没有显著偏好;14日龄和18日龄的幼仔对双亲底物的访问、嗅闻、滞留和挖掘行为均显著多于陌生鼠底物(P<0.05);22日龄的幼仔对双亲底物的嗅闻和挖掘行为显著多于陌生鼠底物(P<0.05),但对双亲底物与陌生鼠底物的访问和滞留没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。说明棕色田鼠幼仔在断乳前已完全能够辨别双亲气味和陌生气味,但随着日龄增加,22日龄的幼仔对陌生气味的偏好有上升趋势。     

侧脑室注射微量吗啡和纳络酮对小鼠记忆保持的影响

实验观察侧脑室注射微量吗啡和纳络酮对小鼠记忆保持的影响.结果表明:侧脑室注射吗啡后,小鼠从迷宫始点走到终点所需的时间显著延长,出现错误的次数增多,且具有一定的量效反应关系。这一作用可被纳络酮所阻断。而纳络酮对记忆的增强作用又可被吗啡所抵消。本实验提示中枢神经系统里的内源性阿片肽很可能参与记忆巩固的调制。     

纳络酮对离体心房肌收缩力及搏动频率的作用

目的和方法：采用离体心房灌流模型,观察非特异性阿片受体拮抗剂纳络酮对离体心房的变时变力作用,旨在探讨纳络酮对心肌的直接作用。结果：①在１５～１２０ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度范围内,纳络酮呈剂量依赖性地降低右房的自发搏动频率,增加心房肌的收缩张力;②当α,β受体阻断或μ受体激动后,纳络酮对离体心房的作用仍然存在;③纳络酮可延长心房肌的功能性不应期。结论：纳络酮对心肌具有不依赖于中枢及交感神经系统的直接作用,心脏可能是另一个不通过阿片受体即可对纳络酮发生反应的器官     

脑啡肽-干扰素融合蛋白具有外周镇痛作用

研究干扰素-脑啡肽融合蛋白的外周镇痛作用和机制.对小鼠进行热损伤诱导,采用经典热板法测定小鼠后肢脚趾外周涂抹干扰素、脑啡肽融合蛋白的痛阈变化,并用阿片选择性拮抗剂纳曲酮、纳络酮及干扰素单抗进行阻断试验.与干扰素母体相比,融合蛋白具有较强的外周镇痛作用,这种作用可被纳络酮、干扰素单抗逆转或阻断.融合蛋白具有较强镇痛功能,可作为外用镇痛候选药物,其作用机理与干扰素受体、阿片μ受体有关.     

大鼠蓝斑核对血压和迷走加压反应的影响

我们观察电刺激大鼠蓝斑核对血压和迷走—加压反应的影响,其结果简述如下:一、电刺激大鼠单侧蓝斑(17只)及双侧蓝斑(27只)均引起明显的加压反应,后者更为显著。二、同时电刺激蓝斑核与迷走神经向中端引起极明显的加压反应。三、损毁垂体及切除双侧肾上腺届,蓝斑加压反应明显减弱。四、烧毁双侧蓝斑核,迷走—加压反应消失。据此我们认为迷走一加压反应可能包含蓝斑核所释放的去甲肾上腺素的作用。     

交叉抚育经历对根田鼠体重发育的影响

为检验交叉抚育经历对根田鼠体重发育的可能影响,监测了雌雄亲生和寄养幼仔的体重生长.结果发现: 在不同发育时期(2 ～ 70日龄),雄性亲生与寄养幼仔的体重没有差异; 除第18和20日龄外,其它时期(2 ～ 16,25 ～ 70日龄)雌性亲生与寄养幼仔的体重没有差异; 亲生和寄养幼仔在25日龄前两性体重差异不明显;25日龄后两性体重差异显著; 随着日龄的增加,根田鼠的体重日增长率呈现下降趋势.这些结果表明交叉抚育经历对雄性个体的发育没有影响,对雌性体重发育可能存在短暂影响,但持续时间不长(3 d ≤ T ＜ 9 d);根田鼠亲生和寄养幼仔体重生长的性别差异均在25日龄前后形成.     

日本大耳白黑眼兔在不同生长阶段蛋白质营养与肝脏相关基因表达的关系

目的研究日粮粗蛋白水平和生长阶段对日本大耳白黑眼兔（WHBE兔）肝脏相关基因表达的影响。方法采用两因素实验设计,分别选取断奶和2月龄WHBE兔各20只进行为期1个月的幼兔期和育成兔期饲养实验,每个阶段实验均将兔随机分为5组,各组日粮粗蛋白水平分别为12%、14%、16%、18%和20%,实验结束,用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定肝脏胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶-C（PEPCK-C）的mRNA的表达丰度。结果生长阶段和粗蛋白水平均对WHBE兔肝脏IGF-1mRNA的表达丰度有显著影响,育成兔期IGF-1 mRNA的表达丰度明显高于幼兔期;日粮粗蛋白水平为16%和18%时IGF-1mRNA表达丰度较高,显著高于其他3组。PEPCK-C mRNA的表达也以16%粗蛋白组最高,幼兔期和育成兔期之间差异无显著性。结论日粮粗蛋白水平对IGF-1和PEPCK-C基因表达有显著影响,生长阶段与IGF-1mRNA表达密切相关。     

家兔主动脉神经高阈压力感受反射性速重调中枢过程的机能特征

Experiments were performed on 37 urethane-anesthetized rabbits. The aortic nerves, carotid sinus nerves and vagus nerves were cut, MAP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded. The conditional stimulation CSc (0.5 ms, 10 Hz, 4-6V, 5 min) was used to mimic the information of baroreflex non-medullated afferent fibers responding to acute increase of BP. Test stimulation TSa (0.02 ms, 0-80 Hz/30 s, 4-6V) and TSc (0.5 ms, 0-20 Hz/30s, 4-6V) was used to examine the responses of baroreflex A- and C-fibers. After CSc at 1 min the reflex MAP and RSNA of TSc was attenuated at 45.5% (P less than 0.01) and 10.6% (P less than 0.05), the MAP response of TSa was attenuated at 32.1% (P less than 0.05), but the RSNA response was not. From the further investigation it is concluded that the characteristics of central acute resetting are dependent on the components of baroreflex afferent fibers. The reflex responses are attenuated mainly by correspondent afferent components.     

Estrogen's attenuating effect on the exercise pressor reflex is more opioid dependent in gonadally intact than in ovariectomized female cats.

Using gonadally intact female cats, we showed previously that estrogen, applied topically to the spinal cord, attenuated the exercise pressor reflex. Although the mechanism by which estrogen exerted its attenuating effect is unknown, this steroid hormone has been shown to influence spinal opioid pathways, which in turn have been implicated in the regulation of the exercise pressor reflex. These findings prompted us to test the hypothesis that opioids mediate the attenuating effect of estrogen on the exercise pressor reflex in both gonadally intact female and ovariectomized cats. We therefore applied 200 microl of 17beta-estradiol (0.01 microg/ml) with and without the addition of 1,000 microg naloxone, a mu- and delta-opioid antagonist, to a spinal well covering the L6-S1 spinal cord in decerebrated female cats that were either gonadally intact or ovariectomized. The exercise pressor reflex was evoked by electrical stimulation of the L7 or S1 ventral root, a maneuver that caused the hindlimb muscles to contract statically. We found that, in gonadally intact cats, the attenuating effect of estrogen was more pronounced than that in ovariectomized cats. We also found that, in gonadally intact female cats, naloxone partly reversed the attenuation of the pressor response to static contraction caused by spinal estrogen application. For example, in intact cats, the pressor response to contraction before estrogen application averaged 39 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 10), whereas the pressor response 60 min afterward averaged only 18 +/- 4 mmHg (P < 0.05). In contrast, the pressor response to contraction before estrogen and naloxone application averaged 33 +/- 5 mmHg (n = 11), whereas afterward it averaged 27 +/- 6 mmHg (P < 0.05). In ovariectomized cats, naloxone was less effective in reversing the attenuating effect of estrogen on the exercise pressor reflex.     

Opioidergic and nutritional involvement in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion of postpartum Rasa Aragonesa ewes lambing in the mid-breeding season

The role of endogenous opioids and nutrition on the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the postpartum period was investigated in a Spanish breed of sheep lambing in the mid-late breeding season. Two groups of adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes housed in individual pens and lambing on 30 December were fed during the suckling period to provide maintenance requirements and the production of 1.1 (M; n=8) or 0.55 (L; n=8) kg of milk per day. On days 10, 20 and 30 after lambing, the effect of a treatment with the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg at four hourly intervals) on LH secretion was assessed in half of the ewes of each group, the remaining females receiving four saline injections. After weaning, animals were fed to provide requirements for maintenance of liveweight. Blood samples were collected twice a week from day 20 postpartum until the end of March, and assayed for progesterone and prolactin. Although underfed ewes showed significantly lower mean plasma concentrations during the control period on day 20 postpartum, nutrition did not seem to modify LH secretion before naloxone or saline injections. Moreover, no differences between nutritional groups in the response to naloxone injections on pattern of LH secretion were found. In fact, naloxone treatment induced an increase of mean LH concentrations on days 10, 20 and 30 postpartum (at least, P<0.05), of LH pulse frequency on days 20 and 30 (P<0.05), and of LH pulse amplitude on days 10 and 20 (P<0.05). Underfed ewes during the postpartum period showed a slower decline in plasma prolactin levels, with significant differences on days 29, 36 and 39 after lambing (P<0.05). Only 3 M ewes ovulated before the onset of the seasonal anoestrus period. It is concluded that endogenous opioids are involved in the inhibition of LH secretion during the early suckling period of a reduced seasonality breed of sheep without any influence of nutrition on the response to naloxone treatment; however, ewes underfed before weaning failed to reactivate their cyclicity prior to the onset of the seasonal anoestrus.     

兔室旁核对血量扩张引起促纳排泄与利尿的作用

在室旁核 (PVN)假损毁兔与PVN损毁兔血量扩张 (VE)引起尿流量增加 ,峰值分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 9与0 3 1± 0 0 3ml/min (P <0 0 1) ,排钠量增加峰值分别为 66 76± 6 74与 3 6 0 5± 3 4 4μmol/min (P <0 0 1) ,而在PVN假损毁兔与PVN完好兔对VE的反应无显著差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ,表明PVN损伤可明显减弱VE引起的促钠排泄与利尿效应。颈迷走神经切断并不能改变PVN损伤的上述作用。双侧肾神经切断兔损毁PVN对VE引起促钠排泄效应无显著影响 ,但显著减弱其利尿效应 (P <0 0 2 )。PVN损毁对VE时肾小球滤过率 (GFR)与肾血浆流量 (RPF)无显著影响。结果表明PVN参与VE通过迷走传入神经引起促钠排泄与利尿反应的调节 ,而肾交感传出神经参与其中促钠排泄的作用     

Mechanisms underlying pressor response of subfornical organ to angiotensin II.

In urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of angiotensin II (AII) into either the subfornical organ (SFO), nucleus paraventricularis (NPV), or rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL), respectively, all induced pressor responses, but the heart rate remained unchanged. Preinjection of [Sar1, Thr8]-angiotensin II (ST-AII, an AII antagonist) into bilateral NPV blocked the SFO-pressor response to AII. Bilateral RVL pretreated with ST-All markedly attenuated the pressor response of the SFO or NPV to AII. Hexamethonium or methyl atropine (IV) also reduced the SFO-pressor response. The results show that All can activate the SFO, NPV, and RVL successively, thereby inducing the pressor response; both excitation of sympathetic nerves and inhibition of the cardiac vagus are involved in this response.     

脐带间充质干细胞对卵巢早衰家兔的治疗效果及机制研究

摘要 目的：分析脐带间充质干细胞对卵巢早衰家兔的治疗效果及机制研究。方法：经腹腔连续注射 2 d 环磷酰胺50 mg/（kg?d）建立卵巢早衰家兔模型。将建模成功的10只家兔随机分成模型组和治疗组,每组5只。建模一周后,治疗组家兔每天经耳缘静脉注射5×10⁶/mL脐带间充质干细胞混悬液2 mL,连续注射3 d。模型组家兔经耳缘静脉注射等量无菌生理盐水。于治疗后 0 d、7 d、14 d和28 d,取家兔静脉血检查血清激素表达水平。于治疗后28 d,检测家兔卵巢中生长卵泡数、封闭卵泡数、黄体数、富半胱氨酸蛋白61（CYR61）和结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）mRNA及蛋白质相对表达量。结果：治疗前,模型组和治疗组家兔血清雌二醇（E₂）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、FSH/黄体生成素（LH）、抑制素B（INHB）和抗苗勒管激素（AMH）、均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。与模型组相比,治疗后治疗组家兔血清E₂和INHB水平显著上升（P＜0.05）,FSH水平显著下降（P＜0.05）,FSH/LH均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。随着治疗时间延长,治疗组家兔血清E₂和FSH水平周期性波动。治疗28 d后,与模型组相比,治疗组家兔血清AMH水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;卵巢组织中CYR61和CTGF mRNA及蛋白质相对表达量均显著升高（P＜0.05）;生长卵泡数显著升高（P＜0.05）;封闭卵泡数和黄体数均显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞可通过上调CYR61和CTGF的表达,促进卵泡生成,恢复卵巢功能,达到治疗卵巢早衰的临床效应。     

Attenuation by naloxone of the pressor effects of angiotensin II in conscious cynomolgus monkeys

The effects of naloxone and morphine on mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) responses to angiotensin II (AII) were studied in conscious cynomolgus monkeys. Graded doses of AII (0.3, 1 and 3 micrograms/min for 8-10 min) were infused i.v. 20 min apart, preceded by an i.v. injection of either naloxone (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg), morphine (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg) or saline. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg) attenuated the pressor response to AII (0.3 or 1 microgram/min) by 25-50% but did not alter similar pressor responses to phenylephrine. Pretreatment with morphine had little or no effect on MBP or HR responses to AII.     

Mechanisms linking under-nutrition and ovarian function in beef heifers

Prolonged reduction in energy intake in beef heifers has been reported to suppress ovulation but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in the pattern of LH secretion following each of three different tests predicted the functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis. Test 1 examined the ratio of LH secretion during the 1h before and 2h after naloxone (NAL) administration. The other two tests assessed the LH surge following an exogenous oestradiol positive feedback signal (Test 2) or exogenous progesterone priming (Test 3). In phases 1 and 3, each of 8 weeks duration, the heifers were fed 100% of their maintenance energy requirements. In phase 2, of 9 weeks duration, they were fed 50% of their maintenance energy requirements. Oestrus was induced in all heifers by PG administration at the start of the experiment.Heifers were administered a naloxone challenge of 50, 100, 200 or 400mg naloxone hydrochloride i.v. (one dose per heifer) during the mid-luteal period of phase 1 and all four naloxone treated heifers received 400mg naloxone hydrochloride at the end of phases 2 and 3. Doses of 10, 20 or 40 mg oestradiol benzoate (EB) i.m. were each administered to two of the remaining heifers during the mid-luteal period of phase 1. One heifer on each dose of oestradiol benzoate in phase 1 had the same dose administered at the end of phases 2 and 3. The progesterone challenge was administered to three heifers by insertion of a PRID for 12 days starting in the middle of phase 2.In Test 1, the ratio of LH secretion before and after naloxone administration in phase 1 was 1:1 (50mg), 1:4 (100mg), 1:4 (200mg) and 1:9 (400mg) (50mg versus 100mg and 100mg versus 200mg doses, P<0.05); 50mg versus 400mg doses, P<0.001). In phase 2, this ratio was 1:1 and there was no response to 400mg dose of naloxone in any of the four heifers. In phase 3, the ratio depended on the ovarian activity in the heifer and ranged from 1:1 to 1:4 (P<0.05). In Test 3, a positive oestradiol feedback signal was detected in cyclic heifers in phases 1-3 but not in the acyclic heifer in phase 2. Heifers challenge with exogenous progesterone did not have oestradiol or LH values above threshold levels.We conclude that all three tests successfully predicted the functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. In nutritionally undernourished beef heifers onset of ovarian acyclicity is either preceded or accompanied by the loss of a positive feedback signal (Test 2) and progesterone priming ability (Test 3), and that a plasma LH ratio of > or =1:2 following naloxone challenge (Test 1) is a sign of recovery of the functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis.     

A fast-acting humoral factor mediates pressor hyperresponsiveness in deoxycorticosterone-salt rabbits

Six rabbits were sham operated and were given water to drink (sham-water group); six additional rabbits were sham operated and were given saline to drink (sham-salt group); another six rabbits received an implant of deoxycorticosterone (DOCA) and were given water to drink (DOCA-water group); a final group of six rabbits received implants of DOCA and were given saline to drink (DOCA-salt group). Two weeks later, all four groups of rabbits had approximately the same mean arterial pressures, and the sham-salt, DOCA-water, and DOCA-salt groups all had plasma renin activity values less than the sham-water group. The DOCA-salt group had greater pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) at several doses than did the other three groups of rabbits. In another group of six sham-water and six DOCA-salt rabbits, measurements of cardiac output before and during infusions of NE at 800 ng/min/kg body wt revealed no changes in cardiac output before or during NE infusion, but the DOCA-salt group had significantly greater increases in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance during NE than did the sham-water group. In another group of six DOCA-salt rabbits, the pressor response to several doses of NE were determined during infusion of the angiotensin II (AII) antagonist, [Sar1, Ile8] AII; this AII antagonist failed to alter the enhanced pressor responses to NE. A final experiment examined pressor responses to NE in six normal rabbits before and after cross circulation of blood with six DOCA-salt rabbits. After blood cross circulation the normal rabbits had exaggerated pressor responses to NE at 5, 15, and 30 min, but not at 60 min. Similar cross-circulation experiments between six pairs of normal rabbits did not show any transfer of pressor hyperresponsiveness. These studies indicated that pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness in DOCA-salt rabbits is conveyed by a fast-acting hormonal factor and that AII probably is not involved in mediating this hyperresponsiveness.     

黑斑原仔稚鱼藏匿行为研究

文章研究了黑斑原 (Glyptosternum maculatum)仔稚鱼对缝隙的喜好行为、对底质颜色及种类的选择行为, 旨在优化苗种培育模式, 改善其养殖条件。结果表明: 黑斑原仔稚鱼对缝隙的喜好日间(7:00—20:00)显著高于夜间(21:00—6:00; P<0.05); 开口22d、23d和25—30d对缝隙无喜好行为(P>0.05), 且夜间(开口6d、11—13d除外)对缝隙无喜好行为(P>0.05); 开口12d、13d、15d和24d仔稚鱼表现出对较小缝隙(0.9 cm)的喜好性(P<0.05); 开口2d和3d仔稚鱼表现出对底层缝隙的喜好性(P<0.05); 开口5d、6d、8—21d和24d仔稚鱼表现出对表层缝隙的喜好性(P<0.05); 在(400±50) lx光补偿条件下仔稚鱼对底质颜色无明显的喜好性; 在(10±2) lx光补偿条件下仔稚鱼对黑色底质的喜好性显著于白色底质(P<0.05)。仔稚鱼日间具有较强的藏匿行为, 喜好藏匿于较小的缝隙中, 并在弱光补偿条件下喜好黑色底质。仔稚鱼的藏匿特点, 为优化苗种培育和改善苗种培育环境提供了重要的科学依据。