基于处方挖掘与分子动力学模拟筛选严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2潜在抑制剂分子的研究

目的 从中药筛选具有潜在抑制严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2） 活性的成分，进一步从原子水平揭 示其抑制SARS-CoV-2 表面刺突蛋白（S 蛋白） 受体结合域（RBD） 与血管紧张素转化酶2 （ACE2） 结合的内在机制。 方法 检索新型冠状病毒（简称“新冠肺炎”） 治疗中药处方，构建“新冠肺炎中药候选活性成分数据库”。用具有ACE2 抑制活性的小分子化合物构建HipHop药效团模型，并对“新冠肺炎中药候选活性成分数据库”中活性成分筛选。采用分子 对接和分子动力学模拟方法研究候选活性成分与ACE2 的结合方式及其对SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白与ACE2 识别的影响。 结果 本文通过中药处方挖掘和分子动力学模拟，从143 个新冠肺炎治疗中药处方中筛选出10 种可与SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白/ 人源ACE2 识别位点结合的中药成分。其中，枇杷叶主要活性成分23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid 与ACE2 具有最高的亲和 力，且23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid 的结合可有效阻断SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白与宿主细胞ACE2 的结合。结论 本文通过虚 拟筛选发现了SARS-CoV-2 潜在抑制剂分子23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid，同时从原子水平预测了其抑制SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白与ACE2 结合的内在机制，这将为SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗病毒药物的研发提供理论依据。     

新型冠状病毒的糖基化、糖受体识别及糖链抑制剂的发现北大核心CSCD

新型冠状病毒疫情(COVID-19)是21世纪截至目前人类面对的最为严重的公共卫生事件。疫苗、中和抗体以及小分子化合药物的出现有效预防和阻止了COVID-19的快速传播,而不断出现的病毒突变体却使这些疫苗及药物的效价降低,这对COVID-19的预防及治疗提出了新的挑战。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)通常会先黏附于呼吸道表面的大分子糖链——硫酸乙酰肝素,进而与特异性受体人血管紧张素转化酶2(human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,hACE2)结合,从而实现对人体的侵入。SARS-CoV-2的刺突(spike,S)蛋白是高度糖基化的,而糖基化对于hACE2与S蛋白的结合也有着重要影响,S蛋白在宿主体内还会被一系列凝集素受体所结合,这意味着糖链在SARS-CoV-2的入侵及感染过程中有着重要的作用。基于SARS-CoV-2的糖基化及糖受体识别机制开发糖链抑制剂可能是预防或治疗新型冠状病毒感染的有效手段,相关研究发现海洋来源的硫酸化多糖、肝素分子及其他的一些糖类具有抗SARS-CoV-2的活性。本文系统阐述了新型冠状病毒的糖基化及其糖链在入侵、感染中的作用,并对抗SARS-CoV-2糖链抑制剂的发现和机制研究现状进行了总结,在此基础上还对糖类抗病毒药物的机遇与挑战进行了展望。     

新冠病毒刺突糖蛋白结构与功能的生物信息学分析及原核表达

SARS-CoV-2是一种高致病性且传播迅速的病原体,通过刺突糖蛋白(Spike glycoprotein,S蛋白)识别宿主细胞表面的受体来实现入侵和感染。对S蛋白进行系统的生物信息学分析和原核表达,有助于深入理解S蛋白的功能和阐明该蛋白介导病毒感染的分子机制。本文采用Protparam、Pfam、TMHMM、ExPASy-ProtScale、PSORTⅡ、SignalP、UniProt、NetPhos 3.1、NetNGlyc 1.0、NetOGlyc 4.0和BLAST等生物信息学软件和数据库对S蛋白的理化性质、亚细胞定位、翻译后修饰及相互作用网络等生物学特性进行了系统分析。利用Clustal X2和MEGA7.0软件对该蛋白进行了基于氨基酸序列的同源性分析和系统进化分析。最后,通过分子克隆技术构建重组表达载体pET-22b-S并进行原核表达。结果显示,S蛋白由1273个氨基酸组成,分子量141.2 kD,等电点6.24,有两个卷曲螺旋结构,一个跨膜螺旋区,疏水性较强。S蛋白包含刺突受体结合结构域和S2糖蛋白结构域,主要分布于宿主细胞的内质网膜和细胞膜,含有136个潜在的磷酸化位点和20个可能的糖基化位点。与SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白序列一致性最高的是SARS冠状病毒、SARS冠状病毒WH20和蝙蝠冠状病毒HKU3,均为76%。SARS-CoV-2与SARS冠状病毒和蝙蝠冠状病毒聚为一大支,提示它们可能具有共同的祖先。S蛋白主要在细菌裂解液离心之后的沉淀中表达,这为后续的结构分析和疫苗研发奠定了基础。S蛋白在SARS冠状病毒和蝙蝠冠状病毒之间保守性较高,提示其在病毒入侵过程中具有重要功能。SARS-CoV-2与SARS冠状病毒和蝙蝠冠状病毒可能具有共同的祖先。本研究为SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白的表达纯化、结构与功能研究提供了重要的数据基础,有助于全面揭示S蛋白的生物学功能,同时为设计和筛选靶向S蛋白的新型抗病毒药物提供了科学依据。     

新型冠状病毒PLpro蛋白酶结构与功能的生物信息学分析

2019年12月,由新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在中国武汉暴发。SARS-CoV-2的基因组编码2种病毒蛋白酶,即木瓜样蛋白酶(Papain-like protease,PLpro)和3C样蛋白酶(3C-like protease)。其中PLpro是SARS-CoV-2复制酶复合体(RC)形成的重要调节蛋白分子,对于病毒基因组转录和复制至关重要。因此,将SARS-CoV-2 PLpro作为药物的靶点对COVID-19的治疗具有积极意义。本研究应用生物信息学工具分析新型冠状病毒的木瓜样蛋白酶的结构和功能,首先利用BLAST和BioEdit获取SARS-CoV-2 PLpro蛋白酶(SC2-PLpro)及其同源蛋白的氨基酸序列,并利用BLAST和MEGA 6.0进行同源性分析。之后,利用ProParam和Proscale分别对SC2-PLpro蛋白酶的理化性质、亲水性和疏水性进行分析。然后,通过SOMPA、ScanProsite和InterPro分别预测SC2-PLpro蛋白酶的二级结构和功能区域,进一步利用SignalP 4.0和TMHMM对SC2-PLpro蛋白酶的信号肽和跨膜区进行分析。最后,通过SWISS-MODEL对SARS-CoV-2 PLpro蛋白酶进行三级结构同源建模。结果显示,对SARS-CoV-2 PLpro蛋白酶与已报道的PLpro蛋白酶进行多序列比对后,发现SARS-CoV-2 nsp3的746~1063段氨基酸与多种冠状病毒PLpro蛋白酶氨基酸序列高度相似。同时,同源性分析发现SARS-CoV-2与蝙蝠冠状病毒的PLpro蛋白酶具有同源性,其中与QHR63299、AVP78030相似性最高。对SC2-PLpro进行理化性质预测结果显示,其由318个氨基酸所组成,为稳定亲水性蛋白。二级结构预测结果显示SC2-PLpro主要含有α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角、无规卷曲,四种结构贯穿整条氨基酸链。进一步进行功能分析,发现其具有完整的催化三联体、锌结合域、泛素样N末端结构域,故推测该蛋白具有去泛素化的功能。然后,信号肽假说和跨膜结构域分析结果表明,SC2-PLpro既不是分泌蛋白,也不属于跨膜蛋白。本研究提示,生物信息学分析SC2-PLpro为稳定性亲水蛋白,属于非跨膜蛋白,比较保守,具有去泛素化的功能,利用此功能可以进一步规避宿主的固有免疫反应。通过制备PLpro蛋白酶小分子抑制剂,可能有助于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎。     

蛹虫草缓解新型冠状病毒感染研究进展

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的COVID-19在全球范围内大流行,危害了人类健康和公共安全,随着对SARS-CoV-2的结构、功能和致病过程的了解,越来越多的潜在药物被开发。蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)是我国传统的药用真菌,具有显著的抗病毒作用,虫草素作为蛹虫草的主要活性成分能够与SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白、主蛋白酶(Mpro)相结合,抑制病毒RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RDRP)活性,阻断SARS-CoV-2在机体内复制。蛹虫草还具有提升机体免疫力、修复受损组织的作用。本文概述虫草素抗SARS-CoV-2的机制和蛹虫草其他相关药理作用,以期为蛹虫草用于新型冠状病毒感染的辅助治疗提供参考。     

SARS-CoV-2 NSP7和NSP8的研究进展

冠状病毒进入细胞后以基因组RNA作为转录本,翻译产生多聚蛋白,多聚蛋白水解后产生16种功能各异的非结构蛋白(Nonstructural Protein, NSP)。其中,NSP7和NSP8对病毒的RNA复制过程和RNA聚合酶活性非常重要。对新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)NSP7和NSP8的保守性分析有助于揭示其生物学特征。SARS-CoV-2的nsp7和nsp8序列在冠状病毒家族中高度保守。本文综述了NSP7和NSP8的基因功能和蛋白构象。根据相互作用蛋白筛选出氯喹、阿奇霉素等可能的治疗药物。这有助于新型冠状病毒的致病机理研究,相关治疗方法的开发。     

基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白结构及入胞机制的抗体与药物研发

新型冠状病毒肺炎,世界卫生组织命名为“2019冠状病毒病”（corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19）,是一种由2019新型冠状病毒（2019 nCov）感染导致的肺炎。目前新冠肺炎在全球广泛流行,且疫情尚未得到全部控制。由于新型冠状病毒表面的刺突蛋白（spike protein,S）介导病毒与细胞膜受体结合并参与入胞过程,S蛋白在病毒的传播过程中发挥着重要作用。针对S蛋白的研究不仅可以解析病毒相关蛋白质结构与功能,阐释其入胞机制,同时也为新冠肺炎的预防、诊断与治疗提供相关信息,有着重要的应用价值。S蛋白与特异性受体--血管紧张素酶II（angiotensin converting enzyme II, ACE2）结合,相较于SARS病毒,新型冠状病毒S蛋白的RBD区域（receptor binding domain）与ACE2亲和力更高,但其S蛋白与ACE2结合能力整体上弱于SARS病毒。S蛋白结合ACE2受体 介导的新型冠状病毒入胞机制包括胞吞和非胞吞途径。丝氨酸蛋白酶2（transmembrane protease serine 2, TMPRSS2）、溶酶体组织蛋白酶（lysosomal cathepsin）和Furin蛋白酶可切割S蛋白S1和S2亚基间的酶切位点,促进病毒和靶膜的融合。基于S蛋白的结构,本文从抗体的结合位点、来源与类型等方面对靶向新型冠状病毒S蛋白的抗体进行了比较分析,对相关药物作用机制与进展进行了综述。虽然靶向冠状病毒S蛋白的抗体和药物特异性高,治疗效果较好,但部分试剂的作用机制、安全性、适用性和稳定性等性质仍未研究透彻,需要严格评估,因此其研发与应用也存在着一定挑战。     

SARS-CoV-2 NP和NP-FlaB融合蛋白的免疫原性研究

新型冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球持续流行,疫苗的研发和推广使用是阻止新冠疫情的关键手段。SARS-CoV-2核衣壳蛋白(NP)作为病毒的主要结构蛋白,是疫苗开发的潜在候选靶点。鞭毛素B(FlaB)可作为免疫佐剂,增强抗原的免疫原性。本研究对NP和NP-FlaB融合蛋白的免疫原性开展了研究,利用大肠杆菌表达系统分别表达纯化了NP、NP-FlaB融合蛋白,将抗原通过皮下或鼻内途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,分析血清中NP特异性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、黏膜中NP特异性免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和NP特异性细胞因子分泌的T细胞应答。结果表明:一次皮下免疫NP或NP-FlaB融合蛋白足以引起抗NP的血清IgG抗体反应,能有效诱导分泌白细胞介素4(IL-4)的NP特异性效应T细胞,但NP和NP-FlaB融合蛋白组别之间无显著性差异;鼻内途径免疫下,NP-FlaB融合蛋白免疫组血清中NP特异性IgG抗体滴度和肺内黏膜IgA抗体滴度显著高于NP组。整体结果显示,SARS-CoV-2 NP和NP-FlaB融合蛋白具有很强的免疫原性,NPFlaB融合蛋白能引起黏膜免疫应答,两者均可作为SARS-CoV-2疫苗的候选蛋白。SARS-CoV-2 NP及NP-FlaB融合蛋白的免疫原性的探究为后续新冠病毒NP疫苗开发提供了新的思路和参考。     

新型冠状病毒猕猴感染实验生物安全管理

目前,全球爆发新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染人类事件,疫苗研制、防治药物筛选及感染机制研究迫在眉睫,而相关研究又离不开实验动物。本文以在动物生物安全三级实验室(animal bio-safety level 3 laboratory,ABSL-3)开展的SARS-CoV-2感染猕猴实验为例,结合工作实际,对生物安全管理工作中几个重要环节进行探讨,为正在或即将开展此项工作的同仁们提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒抗体和小分子抑制剂的研究现状

世界卫生组织已宣布新型冠状病毒感染（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）的爆发为全球大流行。中和抗体和小分子抑制剂在预防及治疗COVID-19中发挥重要作用。尽管已开发出了多种中和抗体以及疫苗,但是随着病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的不断变异,现有的抗体及疫苗面临巨大的挑战。小分子抑制剂主要通过干扰病毒与宿主的结合以及病毒自身的复制达到消灭病毒以及抑制病毒感染的作用,并且对SARS-CoV-2突变株具有广谱抑制作用,是当前研究的热点。近年来国内外学者对SARS-CoV-2的小分子抑制剂做了大量的研究工作,本文根据中和抗体识别的抗原表位以及小分子抑制剂的作用机制分别对用于预防及治疗COVID-19的中和抗体和小分子抑制剂进行综述,讨论其研究现状,并展望小分子抑制剂的应用前景,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

N-Terminal Finger Stabilizes the S1 Pocket for the Reversible Feline Drug GC376 in the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Dimer

The main protease (M^pro, also known as 3CL protease) of SARS-CoV-2 is a high priority drug target in the development of antivirals to combat COVID-19 infections. A feline coronavirus antiviral drug, GC376, has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and live virus growth. As this drug moves into clinical trials, further characterization of GC376 with the main protease of coronaviruses is required to gain insight into the drug’s properties, such as reversibility and broad specificity. Reversibility is an important factor for therapeutic proteolytic inhibitors to prevent toxicity due to off-target effects. Here we demonstrate that GC376 has nanomolar K_i values with the M^pro from both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV strains. Restoring enzymatic activity after inhibition by GC376 demonstrates reversible binding with both proteases. In addition, the stability and thermodynamic parameters of both proteases were studied to shed light on physical chemical properties of these viral enzymes, revealing higher stability for SARS-CoV-2 M^pro. The comparison of a new X-ray crystal structure of M^pro from SARS-CoV complexed with GC376 reveals similar molecular mechanism of inhibition compared to SARS-CoV-2 M^pro, and gives insight into the broad specificity properties of this drug. In both structures, we observe domain swapping of the N-termini in the dimer of the M^pro, which facilitates coordination of the drug’s P1 position. These results validate that GC376 is a drug with an off-rate suitable for clinical trials.     

Asunaprevir,a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor,Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Propagation

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global health concern. Various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and are being used for vaccination worldwide. However, no therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed so far; therefore, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. In the present study, we evaluated several hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals as potential candidates for drug repurposing against COVID-19. Theses include asunaprevir (a protease inhibitor), daclatasvir (an NS5A inhibitor), and sofosbuvir (an RNA polymerase inhibitor). We found that asunaprevir, but not sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, markedly inhibited SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects in Vero E6 cells. Both RNA and protein levels of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly decreased by treatment with asunaprevir. Moreover, asunaprevir profoundly decreased virion release from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. A pseudoparticle entry assay revealed that asunaprevir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection at the binding step of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, asunaprevir inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation in human lung Calu-3 cells. Collectively, we found that asunaprevir displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity and therefore might be worth developing as a new drug repurposing candidate for COVID-19.     

Discovery of re-purposed drugs that slow SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells

COVID-19 vaccines based on the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been developed that appear to be largely successful in stopping infection. However, therapeutics that can help manage the disease are still required until immunity has been achieved globally. The identification of repurposed drugs that stop SARS-CoV-2 replication could have enormous utility in stemming the disease. Here, using a nano-luciferase tagged version of the virus (SARS-CoV-2-ΔOrf7a-NLuc) to quantitate viral load, we evaluated a range of human cell types for their ability to be infected and support replication of the virus, and performed a screen of 1971 FDA-approved drugs. Hepatocytes, kidney glomerulus, and proximal tubule cells were particularly effective in supporting SARS-CoV-2 replication, which is in-line with reported proteinuria and liver damage in patients with COVID-19. Using the nano-luciferase as a measure of virus replication we identified 35 drugs that reduced replication in Vero cells and human hepatocytes when treated prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and found amodiaquine, atovaquone, bedaquiline, ebastine, LY2835219, manidipine, panobinostat, and vitamin D3 to be effective in slowing SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells when used to treat infected cells. In conclusion, our study has identified strong candidates for drug repurposing, which could prove powerful additions to the treatment of COVID.     

High-throughput screening identifies established drugs as SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors

A new coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)has been identified as the etiologic agent for the COVID-19 outbreak.Currently,effective treatment options remain very limited for this disease;therefore,there is an urgent need to identify new anti-COVID-19 agents.In this study,we screened over 6,000 compounds that included approved drugs,drug candidates in clinical trials,and pharmacologically active compounds to identify leads that target the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease(PLpro).Together with main protease(Mpro),PLpro is responsible for processing the viral replicase polyprotein into functional units.There-fore,it is an attractive target for antiviral drug develop-ment.Here we discovered four compounds,YM155,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone I and GRL0617 that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 PLpro with IC50 values ranging from 1.39 to 5.63 pmol/L.These compounds also exhibit strong antiviral activities in cell-based assays.YM155,an anti-cancer drug candidate in clinical trials,has the most potent antiviral activity with an EC50 value of 170 nmol/L.In addition,we have determined the crystal structures of this enzyme and its complex with YM155,revealing a unique binding mode.YM155 simultaneously targets three"hot"spots on PLpro,including the substrate-binding pocket,the interferon stimulating gene product 15(ISG15)binding site and zinc finger motif.Our results demonstrate the efficacy of this screening and repur-posing strategy,which has led to the discovery of new drug leads with clinical potential for COVID-19 treatments.     

In silico drug repositioning against human NRP1 to block SARS-CoV-2 host entry

Despite COVID-19 turned into a pandemic, no approved drug for the treatment or globally available vaccine is out yet. In such a global emergency, drug repurposing approach that bypasses a costly and long-time demanding drug discovery process is an effective way in search of finding drugs for the COVID-19 treatment. Recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses neuropilin-1 (NRP1) for host entry. Here we took advantage of structural information of the NRP1 in complex with C-terminal of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 to identify drugs that may inhibit NRP1 and S protein interaction. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs were screened using docking simulations. Among top drugs, well-tolerated drugs were selected for further analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of drugs-NRP1 complexes were run for 100 ns to assess the persistency of binding. MM/GBSA calculations from MD simulations showed that eltrombopag, glimepiride, sitagliptin, dutasteride, and ergotamine stably and strongly bind to NRP1. In silico Alanine scanning analysis revealed that Tyr²⁹⁷, Trp³⁰¹, and Tyr³⁵³ amino acids of NRP1 are critical for drug binding. Validating the effect of drugs analyzed in this paper by experimental studies and clinical trials will expedite the drug discovery process for COVID-19.     

抗新冠肺炎药物研究进展

新冠病毒引发的急性呼吸道传染病造成了全球大流行的新冠肺炎,严重危害世界公共卫生安全,迫切需要研发有效治疗新冠肺炎的药物。综述了疫情暴发初期抗新冠肺炎药物研发的进展,重点介绍“老药新用”、小分子及抗体创新药物研发和中药等。通过“老药新用”研究发现多个老药具有抑制新冠病毒复制作用,其中瑞德西韦、法匹拉韦、氯喹和羟氯喹等进入临床研究,尤其是瑞德西韦成为被美国FDA批准用于新冠肺炎治疗的首个药物。针对新冠病毒识别宿主细胞受体的S蛋白开展的抗体发现和靶向3CL蛋白酶及RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶等新冠病毒复制过程中的关键蛋白质开展小分子抑制剂发现是抗新冠肺炎创新药物研究中的主要方向。此外,中药在防治新冠肺炎中发挥了重要作用,金花清感颗粒、莲花清瘟胶囊、血必净注射液、双黄连口服液、清肺排毒汤、化湿败毒方、宣肺败毒方等都进入了新冠肺炎治疗的临床研究及应用。     

Analysis of non-structural proteins,NSPs of SARS-CoV-2 as targets for computational drug designing

BackgroundThe ORF1ab of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS Corona Virus, SARS-CoV-2 genome is processed into 15 non-structural proteins, NSPs by proteases and each NSP has a specific role in the life cycle and pathogenicity of the virus. This research analyzes possible drugs for these proteins as targets in computational drug designing using already available experimental drugs from the drug bank database.MethodsOut of 471 proteins and 8820 drugs download from Protein Data Bank, PDB and Drug Bank database respectively, 16 proteins similar to NSP 1–15 and 31 drugs as per the “Rule of three” were selected for docking. Out of 88 docking results using PyRx, 18 proteins/chains with three promising drugs, DB01977, DB07132 and DB07535 were analyzed using PyMOL for final results.ResultsNSPs 3, 5, 11, 14 and 15 were identified as targets for the drugs, DB01977, BD07132 and DB07535. Drugs, DB01977 and DB07535 bind in the same binding pockets of NSP 5 and NSP 15. Drug, DB07132 binds with more number of residues when compared with the other two drugs and this indicates that the strength of protein-drug association is more by this drug with the NSPs than other drugs. Binding pockets of NSPs for these three drugs are very close with many sharing residues in common suggesting of similarity of pharmacophore of these drugs with the target binding pockets.ConclusionThe binding pockets of NSPs are well matched with the pharmacophore of drugs and with polar surface of drugs less than or equal to 100 A², drugs, DB01977, DB07132 and DB07535 bind individually and effectively with NSPs 3, 5, 11, 14 and 15 of ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2 genome to bring changes in the activity of SARS-CoV-2 which may be useful for biological and clinical considerations.