文冠果种子油提取工艺

以石油醚（60~90℃）为溶剂,通过单因素和正交实验优化了提取文冠果种子油工艺,得到的最佳工艺参数为：种仁粒径为2 mm,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为10 h,料液比为1：5（W/V）。在最佳提取条件下,平均提取率可达62.49%。利用高效液相色谱技术分析了油脂的脂肪酸组成,结果表明其主要成分与一般生物柴油主要成分基本相同,文冠果种子油将是生产生物柴油原料的新来源。     

绞股蓝种子油的提取、成分分析和急性毒性实验

以石油醚为提取剂、料液比为1∶7,进行单因子和正交试验及急性毒性实验。结果表明:超声波辅助提取绞股蓝种子油的最适工艺条件为提取的温度60℃、功率200 W和时间50 min,此条件下种子油提取率为28.13%;绞股蓝种子油的密度为0.895 g·mL-1、折光值1.518 n D20、酸值0.85和皂化值180.2 mg KOH·g-1、碘值135.7 g I2·100g-1,为优良的干性油;绞股蓝种子油含有10种脂肪酸成分,主要为亚麻酸(80.49%)、油酸(8.05%)、亚油酸(7.08%)、硬脂酸(1.79%)和棕榈酸(1.28%),不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达总脂肪酸的96.48%;以剂量65 mL·(kg·d)-1的绞股蓝种子油灌胃小鼠,在连续14 d的实验期内,没有发现小鼠的中毒症状和死亡现象。初步判定绞股蓝种子油无急性毒性,有望作为营养保健油源进一步开发。     

响应面优化回流提取桂花不同品种种子油工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

为优选桂花不同品种种子油的提取工艺及分析其脂肪酸组成,本文运用响应面法对桂花种子油的回流提取工艺进行优化,并利用GC-MS法测定桂花种子油的脂肪酸组成,同时还考察了桂花种子油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,桂花四大品种种子油的最佳提取工艺分别为金桂:回流时间72. 0 min、温度80. 0℃、料液比1∶13mL/g;银桂:回流时间120 min、温度80. 0℃、料液比1∶12 mL/g;丹桂:回流时间60. 0 min、温度70. 0℃、料液比1∶13 mL/g;四季桂:回流时间71. 0 min、温度71. 0℃、料液比1∶13 mL/g。在上述条件下,桂花四大品种种子油的提取率分别为15. 0%、17. 8%、18. 0%和16. 0%。进一步的GC-MS检测发现丹桂和银桂种子油中不饱和脂肪酸可达96. 0%以上,且主要以油酸和亚油酸为主。体外抗氧化活性结果显示,当质量浓度为5μg/mL时,桂花种子油对DPPH的清除率均大于79. 0%。上述研究结果为桂花种子这种农业废弃资源的再利用和开发提供了参考。     

垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷微波辅助提取工艺及种子油理化性质与根皂苷杀虫活性研究

为更好地开发利用垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana L.),本文关注了垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷的微波辅助提取工艺,及种子油理化性质与根皂苷对农业害虫的灭杀效果。结果发现:(1)垂序商陆种子油的微波辅助最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶10(g/m L),微波时间70 min,微波功率300 W,微波温度50℃,种子油得率26.8%;(2)根中皂苷最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25,微波时间80 min,微波功率500 W,微波温度70℃,根皂苷得率3.22%;(3)垂序商陆种子油密度、折光值、碘值、酸值、过氧化值、皂化值分别为0.887 g/m L、1.542 n_D~(20)、138.6 g I2/100g、0.89 mg KOH/g、28.25 meq/kg与185.7 mg KOH/g;(4)根皂苷对供试害虫小菜蛾具明显杀虫活性,小菜蛾死亡率随处理时间增加呈递增趋势,至第4 d时达84.4%。结果表明,微波在垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷提取中可起到很好的辅助效果,二者在粮油安全或生物农药领域具有较好的开发潜能。     

超声辅助提取美洲大蠊药渣残油及其制备生物柴油的研究

为探索美洲大蠊药渣的综合利用的新途径,以美洲大蠊药渣为原料,石油醚为提取溶剂,通过正交设计优化超声辅助提取工艺条件,考察超声功率、提取时间、料液比和提取次数对残油提取率的影响。对制备的残油,进一步以硫酸作为催化剂,与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油,通过正交设计优化制备工艺条件,考察反应温度、反应时间、油醇比和催化剂用量对转化率的影响。美洲大蠊药渣残油的最佳提取工艺条件为,超声波功率300 W、提取时间0.5 h、料液比1∶8、提取次数4次。在最佳提取工艺条件下,得油率可达24.25%。生物柴油的最佳制备工艺条件为:反应温度为65℃、反应时间2.5 h、油醇比为1∶5 mol/mol、催化剂用量为1.5%。转化率可达94.37%。     

猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取木通科植物猫儿屎和三叶木通种子的脂溶性成分,甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离和鉴定其组成和含量。从猫儿屎种子油中鉴定出9种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的94.67%(其中饱和脂肪酸占12.63%,不饱和脂肪酸占82.04%),主要成分为9-十六烯酸(47.22%)、9-油酸(27.13%)、棕榈酸(10.75%)、亚油酸(7.47%)和硬脂酸(1.61%)。从三叶木通种子油中鉴定出10种脂肪酸,占检出物总质量分数的99.75%(其中饱和脂肪酸占23.39%,不饱和脂肪酸占76.36%),主要成分为11-油酸(47.63%)、亚油酸(27.05%)、棕榈酸(20.14%)、16-甲基-十七烷酸(3.03%)和8-油酸(1.07%)。结果表明,猫儿屎和三叶木通种子油中脂肪酸含量丰富,在食用、医疗保健等方面具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

凤丹籽油理化特性及脂肪酸GC-MS分析

凤丹,因产于安徽铜陵凤凰山而得名。采用索氏提取法提取得到凤丹籽油,并对其部分理化特性进行测定;经甲酯化处理后,应用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用仪分析鉴定其组分,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分含量。结果表明:凤丹籽含油率为34.86%;凤丹籽油的相对密度(d204)0.91、酸值(KOH)3.85 mg/g、碘值(I)175.63 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)113.66 mg/g、过氧化值2.91 meq/kg;凤丹籽油中共分离鉴定出21种组分,主要是亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等,不饱和脂肪酸占89.00%,饱和脂肪酸占10.77%;除脂肪酸外,还检测出少量的酚类和烷烃。凤丹籽油是一种高不饱和脂肪酸含量的油脂,可作为油脂新资源进行深度开发。     

最新专利文摘

CN1775913:高酸值潲水油制备生物柴油的新工艺本发明涉及一种将废弃的植物油转化为生物柴油的新工艺。此工艺采用酯交换法,以浓硫酸、浓磷酸为催化剂、高酸值潲水油为原料,制备出的生物柴油已达国外现有的生物柴油的质量标准,并且与矿物柴油的性能指标接近。本工艺具有以下特点:(1)采用酯交换法制备生物柴油,以均匀设计的实验方法,优化出以浓硫酸、浓磷酸为催化剂、高酸值潲水油为原料,制备生物柴油的最佳条件,生物柴油的转化率高达98·5%。(2)针对制备柴油酸值高、颜色深、甲醇浪费等一系列问题,采用一种独特的后处理方法,使制备出的生物…     

叔丁醇体系中复合酶催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油工艺优化

以叔丁醇为反应体系,研究固定化Novozym 435 和Lipozyme TLIM 脂肪酶协同催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油.采用5 因素5 水平响应面法优化工艺参数,最佳工艺条件为:复合酶用量4%( wt.)、复合酶配比1:1(w/w),油/醇摩尔比1:5,反应温度50℃,叔丁醇用量50%(油体积比v/v).在此条件下反应10 h,生物柴油转化率为83.65 %.复合酶操作稳定性较高,重复使用10 个批次,生物柴油转化率仍保持在80% 以上.     

海滨锦葵油制备生物柴油工艺条件优化

以海滨锦葵油为原料制备生物柴油。通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应时间、搅拌强度等因素对酯交换率的影响。结果表明,在试验范围内各影响因素对酯交换率作用的大小依次为：搅拌强度＞催化剂用量＞醇油摩尔比＞反应时间＞反应温度。海滨锦葵油制备生物柴油的最佳工艺参数为：搅拌强度为1800r.min-1,催化剂KOH用量为海滨锦葵油质量的1%,醇油摩尔比6/1,反应时间60min,反应温度65℃,在该工艺条件下,酯交换反应三次,酯交换率达到97.8%。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细