甲基对硫磷彻底降解菌X4的分离、降解性及系统发育研究

从生产甲基对硫磷的山东华阳农药厂污水曝气池中,分离到一株能以甲基对硫磷及其降解中间产物对硝基苯酚为唯一碳源生长,且能够将其彻底降解为CO2和H2O的细菌X4,经鉴定,为节杆菌属(Arthrobactersp.)。用气相色谱法和分光光度法对X4的降解性能分析表明,X4在7h内对50mg/L甲基对硫磷、50mg/L对硝基苯酚的降解率为99%以上,对其它有机磷农药也有良好的降解效果,测定条件为:pH值7,温度30℃,接种量30%。并构建了系统发育树以了解其它菌株与X4之间的亲缘关系。     

焦化废水中4株苯酚高效降解菌的分离及鉴定

目的:从焦化废水中筛选苯酚高效降解菌并进行鉴定.方法:在100～1000 mg/L的苯酚为惟-碳源的无机盐培养基上分离出单菌落,测定各菌株的生长曲线以及对苯酚的降解效牢;利用 16S rDNA序列分析结合菌株的形态特征确定各菌株的分类地位.结果:筛选获得4株苯酚降解菌,均能够以苯酚为惟一碳源,在30℃、pH7.0、摇床转速130 r/min、2%的接种量条件下,24h内能将1 000mg/L的苯酚降解91%以上;4株菌可初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(ZL1)、产碱杆菌属(ZL2、ZL4)、沙雷氏菌属(ZL3).其中,从焦化废水中分离出高效降解苯酚的沙雷氏菌未见报道.结论:从焦化废水中获得4株苯酚高效降解细菌,对高浓度含酚废水的生物降解具有潜在的应用前景.     

苯酚降解菌F6的筛选鉴定及降解特性

本研究利用逐级驯化的方法,从广西某工厂的废水中分离得到一株能利用苯酚作为唯一碳源生长的高效苯酚降解菌F6。采用16S r DNA序列分析的方法,将菌株F6鉴定为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。F6菌株在8 h内几乎完全降解100 mg/L的苯酚,降解率达99.9%,该菌株的菌体生长与苯酚降解呈同步趋势,主要在对数生长期降解苯酚。F6最高耐受苯酚浓度为1 800 mg/L,在温度25~40℃,p H值6.0~9.0,盐度0~40 g/L范围内,F6菌株均能保持对苯酚良好的降解能力。菌株F6的降解底物具有广谱性,除了能够利用苯酚作为唯一碳源,还可以利用邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚、连苯三酚、甲苯、氯苯等酚类化合物为其生长代谢提供碳源和能源。综上所述,菌株F6在应用于处理成分复杂、含酚浓度较高的废水中将具有很大的潜力。     

阿特拉津降解菌T_3 AB_1的分离鉴定及土壤修复

【目的】从阿特拉津污染土壤分离高效降解菌株,进行分类学鉴定、降解特性及黑土修复能力初步研究,为阿特拉津污染土壤微生物修复提供新的菌株。【方法】通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析方法进行菌株鉴定;通过培养时间、温度、pH值等环境因素的研究得出菌株的最佳降解条件;通过降解菌株接种于不同种类除草剂为唯一碳氮源培养基获得该菌株的降解谱;通过土壤接种和敏感作物盆栽生测试验验证菌株对阿特拉津污染土壤修复能力。【结果】本试验从黑龙江省讷河市长期施用阿特拉津的玉米田地中分离出一株能以阿特拉津为唯一碳氮源生长的细菌T3AB1,初步鉴定为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.),该菌株在72 h内对500 mg/L阿特拉津(pH 8.0)的降解率高达99%,其降解能力较高的条件为pH7.0-8.0、25-30℃、摇培72-108 h,该菌株能够利用甲氧咪草烟、咪唑乙烟酸、氟磺胺草醚、氟乐灵、异噁草松为唯一碳氮源进行生长,处理168 h的降解率能够达到12.66%-40.54%,该菌株处理21 d能够显著恢复敏感作物水稻的各项生物量指标,且随着处理时间的延长,其对土壤的修复作用也会逐渐增强。【结论】从黑龙江省污染土壤中筛选得到的高效降解阿特拉津的节杆菌属近缘种T3AB1,土壤接种实验表明该菌株具有很好的土壤修复作用,可为阿特拉津生物修复的研究提供适宜菌种资源。     

苯酚降解菌的筛选及其降解特性的初步研究

从某印染厂下水道的污泥中分离到一株能高效降解苯酚的菌株ph₁₆,经初步鉴定为微球菌属 (Micrococcussp )。该菌株最高可耐受 1.5g L左右的苯酚 ,对苯酚降解最适条件为pH7.0 ,温度 35℃ ,苯酚浓度为1.0g/L ,时间为 36h,降解率可达 99.6 %。试验还表明Hg⁺ 、Co²⁺ 、Ag²⁺ 等重金属离子对该菌株降解苯酚能力有不同程度的抑制作用。并对其降解动力学作了初步探讨。     

苯酚降解菌红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.) P1的鉴定及其在焦化废水中的应用

摘要:【目的】酚类物质的去除是焦化废水处理的关键问题,目的是从焦化废水中分离高效的苯酚降解细菌。【方法】以苯酚为唯一碳源筛选纯化降解苯酚细菌,菌株鉴定采用菌落形态和16S rRNA 序列分析方法,并研究其苯酚降解特性和在焦化废水中的除酚作用。【结果】菌落形态和16S rRNA序列比对分析表明分离的P1菌株为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)细菌;其耐酚浓度高达1400 mg/L,苯酚降解的最适条件为32℃－42℃、pH 7.0和0－4%盐;苯酚降解动力学曲线符合Haldane动力学模型,qmax=0.517/h,Ks=77.487 mg/L,Ki=709.965 mg/L;不同重金属对红球菌P1菌株的苯酚降解抑制作用不同,Zn2+、Mn2+和低浓度的Pb2+对菌株降酚没有影响,Cu2+、Ni2+、Cd2+均抑制菌株对酚的降解;红球菌P1菌株2d内可完全降解1/3焦化原水中的279.9 mg/L酚类物质。【结论】P1菌株是1株高效的苯酚降解菌,具有生物处理焦化废水酚类物质的潜力。     

3-苯氧基苯甲酸降解菌Sphingomonas sp. SC-1降解苯酚环境条件及其降解中间产物的研究

【目的】探究高效降解3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-Phenoxybenzoic acid,3-PBA)的鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.) SC-1对苯酚的降解特性。【方法】采用HPLC测定微生物降解体系中苯酚残留量,考察环境条件对菌株SC-1降解苯酚的影响;分析不同培养时间苯酚降解体系混合样品的HPLC谱图,确定其降解中间产物。【结果】菌株SC-1能在基础盐培养基中以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源生长,在初始pH 7.0、30 °C条件下,24 h可完全降解100 mg/L苯酚;Cu2+、Ba2+、Mn2+等对其降解苯酚有不同程度的抑制作用;HPLC谱图分析,初步确定邻苯二酚是菌株SC-1降解苯酚的中间产物,且该菌株可在48 h内完全降解100 mg/L邻苯二酚。【结论】菌株SC-1对苯酚及邻苯二酚均有较强的降解能力,为完善3-PBA的降解途径及污染3-PBA或含酚废水或含酚农药残留的降解提供了数据参考。     

一株吡虫啉杀虫剂降解菌BB-1的分离鉴定

目的:从福建安溪茶园土壤分离能降解吡虫啉杀虫剂的细菌菌株,对其进行分类鉴定.方法:采用室内培养试验方法,通过富集驯化、平板划线分离得到1株优势细菌BB-1,采用形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株BB-1进行鉴定.结果:菌株BB-1 与多株苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum)的亲缘关系最近,该菌株鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.).BB-1在吡虫啉浓度为400mg/L的LB培养基中培养0h～5h为生长延迟期,4h～20h为对数生长期,20h～42h为稳定期,42h以后为衰亡期.菌株BB-1对多种抗生素敏感,可耐受的NaCl浓度超过10%.结论:BB-1能降解吡虫啉杀虫剂,分类上应属于Ochrobactrum sp..     

高效苯酚降解菌的选育及降酚特性

以苯酚为惟一碳源,采用逐量分批驯化筛选法筛选高效降酚菌并研究其降酚特性.结果筛选出1株可降解高浓度苯酚的菌株,经鉴定为假单孢菌属(Pityrosporum sp.).该菌株可降解 1 800 mg/L的高浓度苯酚,其降酚性能受许多因素影响:降解苯酚的最适环境条件为温度 30 ℃,pH 6～7,振荡速率大于 150 r/min.     

CP1菌株的分离、筛选及其对毒死蜱的降解

从生产毒死蜱的农药生产厂曝气池中分离、筛选到降解毒死蜱且能以毒死蜱为唯一碳源生长的微生物菌株,命名为CP1。根据该菌株的Biolog特性鉴定和16S rRNA序列相似性分析,初步鉴定该菌为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)。利用正交实验和Box-Behnken响应面法对影响CP1菌株降解毒死蜱的主要因素进行优化分析,得到菌株CP1对毒死蜱的最适降解条件为:农药浓度100 mg/L,pH值7.0,温度为28.5°C。优化后,CP1对毒死蜱的降解率由最初的70.26%提高到75.18%。毒死蜱降解优化试验提高了CP1菌株对毒死蜱的生物降解性能。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women

Objective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality. Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors. Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.