L-茶氨酸对H2O2致L02细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。利用H2O2诱导的LO2肝细胞损伤模型,分别用MTT法检测细胞存活率、测定LDH、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、Western blot法检测Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达7LBax／Bcl-2比值的变化,评价L-茶氨酸是否能保护H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤。结果表明,L-茶氨酸能提高H2O2损伤的L02细胞存活率,减少LDH的渗漏,降低肝细胞凋亡,且L-茶氨酸通过抑制caspase-3的激活和PARP的切割及Bax／Bcl-2比值的升高而发挥抗凋亡的作用。L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤有一定的治疗和保护作用。     

L-茶氨酸对H_2O_2致L02细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。利用H2O2诱导的L02肝细胞损伤模型,分别用MTT法检测细胞存活率、测定LDH、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、Western blot法检测Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达及Bax/Bcl-2比值的变化,评价L-茶氨酸是否能保护H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤。结果表明,L-茶氨酸能提高H2O2损伤的L02细胞存活率,减少LDH的渗漏,降低肝细胞凋亡,且L-茶氨酸通过抑制Caspase-3的激活和PARP的切割及Bax/Bcl-2比值的升高而发挥抗凋亡的作用。L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤有一定的治疗和保护作用。     

氧化苦参碱对H2O2诱导的L6成肌细胞凋亡的影响

研究氧化苦参碱对L₆大鼠成肌细胞H<>sub>2O₂凋亡的影响．采用过氧化氢损伤L₆大鼠成肌细胞的方法,建立L₆大鼠成肌细胞H₂O₂凋亡模型．使用剂量为0.3,0.15,0.75 g/L的氧化苦参碱处理细胞．应用MTT法统计存活率和流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡率,用DAPI荧光染色、HE染色以及Bax和Bcl-2抗体鉴定损伤程度,Western blot检测蛋白质差异．结果表明,H₂O₂损伤的成肌细胞存活率降低,凋亡率增加．各种剂量氧化苦参碱能提高成肌细胞的存活率,促使Bcl-2增高,Bax降低．对成肌细胞的保护程度随氧化苦参碱剂量增加而增强,在剂量为0.3 g/L时,效果显著,其次是0.15、0.75 g/L的氧化苦参碱．其生理生化机制是氧化苦参碱保护₂O₂通过NFκB信号通路造成的大鼠成肌细胞凋亡模型．结果显示,氧化苦参碱具有作为新的抗氧化药物的潜力．     

蜗牛多肽混合物对过氧化氢诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞PCNA表达的影响

采用H2O2诱导人神经母细胞瘤细胞株(SH-SY5Y)细胞损伤,MTT法测定细胞存活率,不同浓度蜗牛多肽混合物(SPM)处理后,Hoechst染色检测细胞凋亡,细胞免疫化学技术和Western blot技术检测细胞PCNA的表达。结果发现1.54 mmol/L H2O2可诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,PCNA的表达明显降低。经用39 mg/L(SPM-L组)和156 mg/L(SPM-H组)浓度的SPM处理后,SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡明显减少(H2O2VS.SPM-L:58.39±8.67%VS.44.06±4.35%,P0.05;H2O2VS.SPM-H:58.39±8.67%VS.32.45±9.44%,P0.01),同时PCNA的表达呈浓度依赖性升高。提示SPM可抑制H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与其增加细胞PCNA的表达有关。     

黄芪皂苷IV对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪皂苷对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用.方法:以H2O2诱导SD大鼠心肌损伤细胞模型为基础,用黄芪皂苷IV预处理进行干预.MTT法检测不同时段细胞凋亡情况,Western blot和RT-PCR检测24h时段Cyclin D1蛋白和mRNA表达水平.结果:H2O2对SD大鼠心肌细胞的损伤呈时间依赖性.H2O2可显著诱导SD大鼠心肌细胞凋亡.而这一作用可被黄芪皂苷IV显著抑制.结论:黄芪皂苷IV对H2O2诱导的SD大鼠心肌细胞损伤有明显保护作用.     

H2O2致体外培养动脉内皮细胞损伤及山莨菪碱保护

目的:实验以过氧化氢(H2O2)损伤体外培养动脉内皮细胞(AEC),对过氧化氢介导内皮细胞损伤、凋亡的机制进行探讨,观察山莨菪碱(Ani)是否抑制H2O2介导的AEC损伤、凋亡,并探讨Ani保护损伤、凋亡的机制.方法:体外培养AEC随机分组:对照组(正常培养AEC);H2O2损伤组(0.5 mmol/L H2O2损伤12 h);Ani组(不同浓度Ani:0.05,0.1,0.2 mg/mL处理45 min后加0.5 mmol/L H2O2损伤12 h).结果:1.低浓度H2O2(0.5 mmol/L)可以损伤AEC并诱导凋亡.H2O2损伤组台盼蓝着染率及LDH释放率均高于对照组(P<0.01);细胞总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)下降(比对照组P<0.01);琼脂糖凝胶电泳发现凋亡细胞的梯状电泳条带;细胞荧光染色见凋亡形态特征.2.Ani对H2O2诱导的内皮细胞损伤具保护作用.Ani组与H2O2损伤组比较,台盼蓝着染率及LDH释放率下降;T-AOC上升;在Ani 0.2 mg/mL组DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳未见凋亡细胞特征性的梯状电泳条带;荧光染色未见凋亡细胞特征.结论:1.低浓度过氧化氢使AEC总抗氧化能力明显下降,耗竭细胞抗氧化能力,可致AEC的损伤、凋亡.2.山莨菪碱能减少AEC抗氧化能力的消耗,维持抗氧化能力平衡,保护0.5 mmol/L H2O2 介导的AEC损伤、凋亡.     

AMP经p38MAPK修复H_2O_2致卫星细胞损伤机制分析

目的:探索AMP修复H2O2损伤骨骼肌卫星细胞作用机制。方法:取新生大鼠后肢肌肉传代培养获取卫星细胞,用各浓度AMP修复卫星细胞建立0.1mmol/L H2O2化学损伤模型;同时研究24h、48h、72h的AMP对损伤细胞保护,使用MTT与Giemsa染色,DAPI+FITC+PI荧光染色及免疫细胞荧光抗体检测。结果:各浓度AMP对卫星细胞作用不同,0.3125、0.15625mg/mL对细胞有损伤;2.5mg/mL AMP溶液对细胞增值和化学损伤修复最明显,5、1.25mg/mL AMP增值和化学损伤修复其次;以24h优于48h、72h,同时AMP修复细胞随时间延伸逐渐降低。其机制:(1)提高AMP/ATP比率激活AMPK蛋白调节细胞生物合成和增值;(2)增强凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2、抑制凋亡促进因子Bax。结论:适当浓度AMP对细胞能增值并经p38MAPK信号通路修复H2O2损伤卫星细胞。     

α-硫辛酸对H9c2细胞在H2O2导致的氧化应激损伤中的保护作用

缺血再灌注产生的氧自由基会导致心肌细胞凋亡. 近年研究发现, α-硫辛酸（α-lipoic acid, LA）具有抗氧化作用, 但LA是否能够对抗心肌细胞凋亡, 保护心脏功能的作用尚未明确. 本研究利用H2O2诱导的心肌细胞H9c2氧化应激模型, 分别用CCK 8方法检测细胞存活率、Hoechst33342染色观察细胞核的形态变化、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、real time PCR法检测Bcl 2/Bax基因表达变化, 评价LA是否具有对抗氧化损伤引起的心肌细胞凋亡能力. 结果显示, LA能提高H2O2损伤的H9c2细胞存活率, 降低心肌细胞凋亡, 而且LA通过上调Bcl 2的表达而发挥抑制细胞凋亡的作用. 研究结果证实, LA对氧化应激损伤的心肌细胞具有较好的保护作用. 该研究为LA在临床上用于治疗氧化应激引起的心肌细胞凋亡提供了实验依据.     

黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对H_2O_2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪皂苷对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法:以H2O2诱导SD大鼠心肌损伤细胞模型为基础,用黄芪皂苷Ⅳ预处理进行干预。MTT法检测不同时段细胞凋亡情况,Western blot和RT-PCR检测24h时段Cyclin D1蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果:H2O2对SD大鼠心肌细胞的损伤呈时间依赖性。H2O2可显著诱导SD大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,而这一作用可被黄芪皂苷Ⅳ显著抑制。结论:黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对H2O2诱导的SD大鼠心肌细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的：探讨黄芪皂苷对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法：以H2O2诱导SD大鼠心肌损伤细胞模型为基础,用黄芪皂苷Ⅳ预处理进行干预。MTT法检测不同时段细胞凋亡情况,Western blot和RT-PCR检测24h时段Cyclin D1蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果：H2O2对SD大鼠心肌细胞的损伤呈时间依赖性。H2O2可显著诱导SD大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,而这一作用可被黄芪皂苷Ⅳ显著抑制。结论：黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对H2O2诱导的SD大鼠心肌细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

BCL2-CISD2

CISD2, an ER BCL2-associated autophagy regulator also known as NAF-1, is responsible for the human degenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome 2. In order to interrogate the physiological role of CISD2 we generated and characterized the Cisd2 gene deletion in mice. Cisd2 null mice manifest significant degeneration in skeletal muscle tissues, which is accompanied with augmented autophagy, dysregulated Ca²⁺ homeostasis and elongated mitochondria. Our findings describe a novel role for BCL2-CISD2 in the homeostatic maintenance of skeletal muscle. It remains to be elucidated how and if the antagonism of the BECN1 autophagy-initiating complex and modulation of ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis by BCL2-CISD2 are interconnected.     

Synthesis of [11-2H2], [8-2H2], [7-2H2], [6-2H2], [5-2H2], [4-2H2] and [3-2H2] cis-9-octadecenoates

Deuterated oleates have been synthesized by semihydrogenation of acetylenic intermediates. [11-²H₂]Oleate was prepared by two-carbon chain extension of the C₁₆ alcohol obtained from [1-²H₂]octyl bromide and 7-octyn-1-ol. [8-²H₂] and [7-²H₂]oleates were both prepared from dimethyl suberate, tetradeutero intermediate C₁₆ alcohols were synthesized from [1,8-²H₄] and [2,7-²H₄]octane diols by monobromination, conversion to deuterated 9-decyn-1-ols and reaction with octyl bromide. Oxidation gave [8-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate and [2,7-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate, after semihydrogenation of the latter, deuterons at C-2 were removed by exchange with aqueous alkali. [6-²H₂] and [5-²H₂]oleates were obtained from methyl 5-tetradecynoate, semihydrogenation, deuterium exchange at C-2 and two malonate extensions gave [6-²H₂]oleate; reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride, two malonate extensions and semihydrogenation gave the [5-²H₂] ester. [4-²H₂] and [3-²H₂]oleates were both obtained from methyl 7-cis-hexadecenoate, exchange of the α protons and chain extension gave the [4-²H₂] ester and reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride and chain extension gave the [3-²H₂] ester.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.     

Convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from 2-fluoroadenine

A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from commercially available 2-fluoroadenine is described. The coupling reaction of silylated 2-fluoroadenine with phenyl 3,5-bis[O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)]-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranoside gave the corresponding 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine derivative (alpha/beta = 1:1) in good yield. The alpha- and beta-anomers were separated by chromatography, and then desilylated to give compounds 1a and 1b.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.