碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌的原生质体制备与诱变选育

研究报道了Bacillus sp SX—12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件。实验表明,在液体完全培养基中加入2％的甘氨酸培养10h,原生质体制备最佳条件为：溶菌酶浓度0．5mg／mL,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间1．5h时原生质体形成率为93．8％。原生质体形成最佳高渗稳定剂为甘露醇,再生率26．4％。在原生质体制备的最佳条件下,用紫外线诱变技术选育产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株。筛选到1株高产菌株SX—12C87,酶活由出发菌株的2．42μ／mL提高到6．87μ／mL,提高了约1．8倍。     

碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌选育和发酵条件的研究

从儿童食品中分离筛选到1株产碱性普鲁兰酶活性较高的菌株,编号为SX－12,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.,研究了SX－12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件,其原生质体经紫外线诱变处理,选育出产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株SX－12C67,酶活由出发菌株的2．42U/mL提高到6．87U／mL,提高了约1．8倍,在此基础上对产酶条件进行了优化,优化后的最佳发酵培养基为：可溶性淀粉3％,蛋白胨1．0％,酵母膏0．5％,K2HPO42％,MgSO4.7H2O0.05%MnCl20.0001%,最适p;H9.5,最适温度40℃,初步研究了酶的部分性质,酶反应的最适pH,温度分别为10．0－10．5和55℃,在55摄氏度反应条件下,酶在pH6.0-11.0的范围内都具有一定的活性,Ca^2 ,Mn^2 ,Mg^2 等离子是酶的激活性,Zn^2 ,Hg^2 等离子是抑制剂。     

康氏木霉B—7和黑曲霉X—15原生质体的形成和再生

研究了康氏木霉B－7和黑曲霉X－152株纤维素酶高产菌株的原生质体制备与再生。结果表明,采用纤维素酶、蜗牛酶、溶菌酶的混合酶液,可成功地制备2株真菌的原生质体。其中,B－7以这3种酶的配比6：5：2为最佳,X－15以8：4：2为最佳。原生质体形成的缓冲液系统均以0．2mol/L,pH6．0磷酸盐缓冲液为宜,渗透压稳定剂则分别以0．6mol/LNaCl和0．6mol/L蔗糖为宜。以菌龄18h（B-7）和16h（X－15）2株真菌的菌丝体,在37℃下酶解90min可获得最适量的原生质体,产量分别达9×106个／ml和1．9×107个／ml,且其再生率也较高,均达95％左右。     

~(60)Coγ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应

使用~(60)Coγ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉AureobasidiumPullulansAP92菌株的原生质体、菌丝体片段、分生孢子悬液,经初筛、复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率、单株产多糖的提高幅度、正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子。比较出发菌株AP92与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株A81的性能,有如下明显改善：产多糖能力从16．35g／L提高到29．69g／L,糖转化率从32．7％升到61．4％,残糖从13．269／L降到3．06g／L,而发酵周期则可缩短约24小时。结果证明,对原生质体进行~(60)Coγ射线诱变,是优化出芽短梗霉菌种的有效途径。     

生物表面活性剂高产菌的微电极脉冲选育

用自主研制的基于梳状交叉微电极阵列结构的细胞电操作系统,开展产表面活性剂BS-37菌株选育研究。在蜗牛酶质量分数1．5％、酶解温度33℃、酶解时间3h、酶解pH为6的条件下,制备的BS-37菌株原生质体活性达8．9％。在0．1mmol／LCa^2＋、0．5mmol／L Mg^2＋ 及0．8mol／L山梨醇的缓冲液条件下,电刺激原生质体,获得1株高产菌株,其发酵液的表面张力从51．47mN／m降低至37．59mN／m,乳化力由62％升高至85％。     

兽疫链球菌原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选

探索了透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid)产生菌一兽疫链球菌(Streptococcus zooepidemicus)原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、高渗液的选择、预处理及高渗预培养等因素的影响。确定了最佳条件为：经1．2％甘氨酸预处理及高渗预培养共同作用2h后,用50U／mL溶菌酶,在NaCl高渗体系中,于39℃作用60min。在此条件下,原生质体形成率可达94．6％,再生率可达18．5％。用不同功率的He-Ne激光照射不同时间诱变原生质体,当功率密度为40mW／cm^2,照射时间为300s时,其致死率可达99．88％。从存活变异株中筛选出一株高产透明质酸菌株,其产量(2．21g／L)达原始菌株(0．49g／L)的4．5倍。     

轮梗霉原生质体的制备

本文比较了酶浓度,菌龄,渗透压稳定剂以及酶解温度和时间等因素地轮梗霉原生质体得率的影响,结果基本获得了制备原生质体的适宜条件;用0．6mol/L甘露醇稳渗剂配制成的4％纤维素酶和0．5％蜗牛酶混合酶,35℃酶解培养了30h的菌丝1．0h,即可得到较高产量的原生质体,对该生质体进行了再生实验,其再生率约为23．8％。     

灵芝原生质体制备、再生及融合的研究

报道不同菌龄、酶液浓度、稳渗剂对灵芝原生质体产率及不同种类、不同浓度的稳渗剂对原生质体再生的影响。结果表明,诱变后具抗药性标记的“中国红灵芝”菌种（mH1）原生质体制备时菌丝最适菌龄为48小时,酶液浓度为3％,稳渗剂以0．6mol／L蔗糖为佳;诱变后具抗药性标记的“韩国红灵芝”（mK1）原生质体制备时菌丝最适菌龄为40小时,酶液浓度为1％,稳渗剂为0.4mol／L甘露醇时原生质体产率最高。mH1,mK1原生质体均以蔗糖作稳渗剂再生率较高,其最佳浓度为0．6mol／L。在该条件下mH1原生质体再生率为3．20×10-2,mK1为5．40×10-2。在此基础上,以30％的PEG作为融合诱导剂进行灵芝原生质体融合,并获得了融合子,融合率为140×10-2。     

原生质体诱变选育高产异抗坏血酸菌株

以灰黄青霉菌(Penicillium griseofulvum HL)为出发菌株,试验得到灰黄青霉原生质体制备的优化条件为:菌体培养48h,用0.7mol/L的NaC1溶液作为渗透压稳定剂,用0.5％的蜗牛酶+0.5％的纤维素酶,在pH为6,30℃条件下酶解3h,所得原生质体数最多,达到3.14×107/ml.原生质体再生的最佳条件为采用双层平板培养法,在用0.7mol/L的蔗糖溶液配制的改进察氏培养基上其再生率最高,达到24.93％.灰黄青霉原生质体经过紫外线诱变,DES诱变,紫外线-DES诱变复合诱变,紫外线-氯化锂复合诱变选育异抗坏血酸高产菌株,通过对再生平板上长出的诱变菌株进行初筛和摇瓶复筛,最终获得一株异抗坏血酸产量较高的菌株ZD4,其产量为5.28mg/ml,提高到出发菌株产量(1.08 mg/ml)的488.9％,且连续传代6代遗传稳定.     

激光诱变选育高产PUFAs真菌菌株的研究

采用PIV400型Nd：YAG激光器,对少见报道的产PUFAs丝状真菌菌株Monoblepharis polymorpha Comu进行激光诱变育种。在激光照射剂量：波长532nm,功率50mW,时间10min下,孢子致死率为75％-80％。突变株中w-3系列PUFAs正突变率大于80％,w-3系列突变株FPAm59传代10代以上性能稳定,在土豆基质上摇瓶培养6d后,生物量达到8g/L,产油率53．4％,GLA343．1mg／L、从1209．0mg／L、EPA125．1mg／L、DHA119．4mg／L;分别比对照菌株提高了2．5倍、9．7倍、18．0倍、6．6倍、10．3倍、3．8倍。结果表明,激光诱变育种是获得PUFAs高产菌株尤其是生产w-3系列PUFAs菌株的有效方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细