真核生物DNA的进化

真核生物ＤＮＡ的进化刘振山（河北省张家口市教委科学研究室０７５０３１）生物在进化过程中的演变都是由ＤＮＡ的自发改变开始的,当生物从简单形式进化到较复杂的形式后,基因组无论是在遗传物质ＤＮＡ的含量上,还是在基因的数目上都有所扩大,遗传物质的这种量和质的...     

真核生物转录因子对DNA序列的识别

真核生物转录因子对ＤＮＡ序列的识别杨岐生（浙江大学生物科学与技术系,杭州３１００２７）关键词真核生物转录因子,蛋白质－ＤＮＡ识别研究蛋白质和ＤＮＡ两类生物大分子的相互作用,以阐明基因表达、调控及信息传递的分子机制,是认识生命活动本质的核心问题。本文介...     

线粒体DNA聚合酶的起源研究

随着新的DNA聚合酶A家族成员的加入,家族内部的系统发育关系需要重新检查。分析显示：在真核生物演化的不同阶段,线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能通过水平基因转移方式起源于不同类群的生物。原始真核生物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能来源于细菌,植物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能从质粒获得,而真菌和动物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能起源于T3/T7相关噬菌体。     

端粒与端粒酶

端粒与端粒酶任波（湖北医学院生物教研室武汉４３００７１）染色体在细胞世代中保持其稳定性应起码具备３个结构要素,即ＤＮＡ复制起点,着丝粒以及端粒（ｔｄｏｍｅｒｅ）。端粒是真核生物染色体末端的特殊结构,由蛋白质与ＤＮＡ构成。其中的ＤＮＡ在结构与功能上与其...     

线粒体DNA聚合酶的起源与演化

随着新的DNA聚合酶A家族成员的加入,家族内部的系统发育关系需要重新检查,来自大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I(DNA Pol I)和它的细菌、噬菌体和真核细胞同源物被用来重建这个家族的系统发育史.分析显示:在真核生物演化的不同阶段,线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能通过水平基因转移方式起源于不同类群的生物.原始真核生物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能来源于细菌,植物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能从质粒获得,而真菌和动物线粒体DNA聚合酶基因可能起源于T3/T7相关噬菌体.     

线粒体DNA病

线粒体ＤＮＡ病王学敏杨雨善谢惠君郑惠民（第二军医大学,上海２００４３３）关键词线粒体病线粒体ＤＮＡ近年确认了线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）突变会引起人类疾病,临床症状有盲、聋、痴呆、运动障碍、肌肉衰弱、心力衰竭、糖尿病、肾功能不全、肝病等。ｍｔＤＮＡ呈裸...     

用人胞质体对线粒体疾病进行基因治疗

用人胞质体对线粒体疾病进行基因治疗关键词胞质体线粒体ＤＮＡ基因治疗１．引言线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）的突变能引起罕见的线粒体脑性肌病和常见的心血管疾病、糖尿病等退行性疾病。由于线粒体疾病的根本原因为ｍｔＤＮＡ的突变及其蓄积,因此,治疗线粒体疾病的根本...     

自私DNA及其功能

自私ＤＮＡ及其功能李子银,胡会庆（华中农业大学农学系,武汉４３００７０）真核生物基因组的一个显著特点就是含有大量的非编码序列,这些ＤＮＡ序列包括高度重复序列,特别是占总ＤＮＡ１—３０％的卫星ＤＮＡ（ＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅＤＮＡ）;中度重复序列（如哺乳动物...     

线粒体DNA结构改变与人类疾病

线粒体ＤＮＡ结构改变与人类疾病冯昌全（四川省岳池县教研室６３８３５０）何青平（四川省岳池县人民医院６３８３３５０）人体细胞的细胞核中ＤＮＡ的分子结构发生改变。人会患遗传疾病。人体细胞中线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）的分子结构发生改变,也会引起人患遗传病。...     

DNA损伤与修复

《ＤＮＡ损伤与修复,（第２卷）：高级真核生物的ＤＮＡ修复》（ＤＮＡＤａｍａｇｅａｎｄＲｅｐａｉｒ,ＶｏｌｕｍｅＩＩ：ＤＮＡＲｅｐａｉｒｉｎＨｉｇｈｅｒＥｕｋａｒｙｏｔｅｓ）由ＪａｃＡ．Ｎｉｃｋｏｌｏｆｆ和ＭｅｒｌＦ．Ｈｏｅｋｓｔｒａ编著,１９９８年ＨｕｍａｎａＰｒｅｓｓ出版,６３９页。ＤＮＡ损伤与修复提供了在广泛多样化生物体范围内ＤＮＡ修复主要方面的重要和简洁评论。第２卷：高级真核生物的ＤＮＡ修复集中于哺乳动物系统、人体遗传学疾病和癌症,强调最近５年发展的重要过程。主要题目：紫外线和Ｘ线的修复,…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.