三倍体葡萄‘夏黑’的花粉母细胞减数分裂行为观察及其育性研究

为探究三倍体葡萄‘夏黑’的育性及其细胞学机制,对其花粉母细胞减数分裂进程中的染色体行为及育性水平进行研究。结果表明:(1)三倍体葡萄‘夏黑’花粉母细胞减数分裂进程中存在部分染色体提前分向两极、落后染色体、染色体桥、平行纺锤体、不均等分离、微核等染色体异常行为,其中不均等分离现象出现的频率最高(65.68%)。(2)‘夏黑’葡萄的花粉离体萌发率为1.65%,花粉直径大小范围在18.0~50.0μm之间,且花粉直径分布呈双峰型。(3)‘夏黑’葡萄具有一定的育性,作为亲本与四倍体品种杂交均获得了杂交子代。研究认为,减数分裂的异常是三倍体葡萄‘夏黑’育性低的细胞学原因,但同时也形成了少量可育的未减数配子,可以作为中介材料应用于葡萄育种。     

4个洋水仙品种的核型分析

采用常规压片技术对4个洋水仙品种的体细胞染色体数目和核型进行了分析。结果显示:4个品种的染色体组成复杂多样,其核型公式依次为‘哈韦拉’2n=2x=14=8sm+6st;‘面对面’2n=3x=24=2m+15sm+7st;‘快活’2n=3x=24=3m+13sm+8st;‘花唱片’2n=4x=28=8m+16sm+4st,其核型不对称系数依次为75.19%、72.73%、74.25%和71.03%,核型类型分别为3B、3B、3B和3A。从4个洋水仙品种来源等方面的资料分析了这些品种倍性及其可能的育种价值,其中‘哈韦拉’为二倍体种间杂种,‘面对面’和‘快活’为异源三倍体;‘花唱片’为四倍体。     

单胚与多胚型芒果果实发育及后熟过程中品质特征的变化研究

以芒果单胚型品种‘金煌’、‘贵妃’和多胚型品种‘红玉’、‘白象牙’为试材,选择4个品种栽培管理条件基本一致的同龄芒果园,每品种选取生长势一致植株各18株,自盛花后每品种每周各选取30个果测定其营养成分,比较单胚与多胚类型芒果发育及后熟过程中主要品质特征的变化规律,为提高芒果果实品质及芒果新品种培育提供理论依据。结果显示:（1）单胚品种芒果从果实发育初期到后熟期的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于多胚品种。（2）不同胚性芒果果实发育过程中可滴定酸含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且各品种成熟前的最高值和后熟期的最终值均为多胚品种高于单胚品种（‘红玉’>‘白象牙’>‘贵妃’>‘金煌’）。（3）不同胚性芒果果实发育过程中固酸比的变化趋势均为前期平缓,进入后熟期后各品种的固酸比均迅速上升达到最高,其峰值表现为‘金煌’(83.8%)>‘白象牙’(50.04%)>‘贵妃’(49.41 %)>‘红玉’(29.52%)。（4）芒果果实的类胡萝卜素含量在后熟期的峰值和最终值单胚品种均显著高于多胚品种,且单胚品种的果肉黄色较多胚品种明显。研究表明,单胚品种芒果的果实品质优于多胚品种。     

疏花蔷薇与现代月季品种及其杂交后代的染色体核型分析

以疏花蔷薇(Rosa laxa,2n=2x=14)和现代月季品种‘Kardinal’、‘Solidor’、‘Yuzen’(2n=4x=28)为亲本进行杂交,杂交组合疏花蔷薇בKardinal’、疏花蔷薇בSolidor’、‘Yuzen’×疏花蔷薇分别获得5株、5株和6株杂交后代。采用常规压片法,对亲本及杂交后代的染色体数目和核型进行了分析。结果显示:杂交后代中除疏花蔷薇בKardinal’组合有1株为二倍体外,其余15株均为三倍体;疏花蔷薇的核型为12m+2sm,属1A型;现代月季品种‘Kardinal’、‘Solidor’、‘Yuzen’的核型分别为28m、28m、24m(2SAT)+4sm,核型类型分别为1A、1B、2B型;疏花蔷薇בKardinal’组合的F1代包括1A、1B和2A等3种核型;疏花蔷薇בSolidor’组合的F1代包括1A和1B等2种核型;‘Yuzen’×疏花蔷薇组合的F1代包括1A、1B和2B等3种核型。根据染色体数目和形态分析结果确定,获得的三倍体后代为真杂种,但对于二倍体后代的杂种真实性不能做出判断。     

8个不同柠檬品种果皮香气成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏提取法并结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对柠檬8个品种果皮香气成分进行了检测和分析。结果显示,从‘阿伦’、‘尤力克’、‘费米耐劳’、‘斐诺’、‘库托迪肯’、‘蒙纳盖洛’、‘维尔纳’、‘维拉弗兰卡’8个品种果皮中分别鉴定出31、31、33、34、32、33、32和32种主要成分,分别占总峰面积的90.94%、93.42%、91.61%、91.02%、89.58%、88.11%、92.57%和92.09%;柠檬8个品种中共有成分24种,其中含量较高的有D-柠檬烯、α-松油醇、γ-松油烯、β-蒎烯、松油烯-4-醇等;柠檬8个品种所含成分种类、相对含量间存在差异,可作为区分这8个品种的重要特征。本研究结果可为柠檬果皮的综合利用及品种选育提供理论依据。     

八个贵州地方桃品种果实甜酸风味品质分析

为了评价贵州地方桃品种果实的甜酸风味品质,以主栽桃品种‘燕红’作对照,采用高效液相色谱法测定了贵州8个地方桃品种的果肉糖酸组分及含量。结果表明:(1)8个地方桃品种果肉中糖主要由蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇组成,其中蔗糖的平均含量最高(55.62 mg/g),约占总糖的71.30%,但变异系数仅为17.92%;8个地方桃品种中,‘米桃’的葡萄糖与果糖含量差异较大,其果糖/葡萄糖的比值为1.21,而其它7个品种的葡萄糖与果糖含量相近。(2)8个地方桃品种果肉中有机酸主要由苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎宁酸和莽草酸组成,其中苹果酸含量最高,约占总酸的60.61%,但在‘白花桃’果实中有机酸含量以奎宁酸为主。(3)对8个地方桃品种果实的糖酸组分进行主成分分析发现,苹果酸含量和山梨醇含量的载荷系数分别为0.910和0.897,说明它们是影响果实甜酸风味的主导因素,且对改善果实的甜酸风味品质具有重要作用。8个贵州地方桃果实的甜酸风味分别为:‘黄腊桃’为甜,‘血桃’、‘青桃’、‘镇远桃’、‘红枫桃’为酸甜,‘白花桃’、‘西桃’和‘米桃’为酸。     

籼粳稻杂交后代花时性状的QTL分析

研究典型籼稻品种‘七山占’和典型粳稻品种‘秋光’杂交衍生的重组自交系群体及其双亲的花时性状,并用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行QTL分析,共检测到6个与水稻花时性状相关的QTL,包括1个始花时QTL、3个盛花时QTL和2个终花时QTL,分别位于第1、2、7、8、10和12染色体,单个QTL的贡献率在7.08%～26.95%之间。有4个增效等位基因来源于粳型亲本‘秋光’,2个来源于籼型亲本‘七山占’。     

引进盆栽小菊品种观赏价值及园林应用的综合评价

为更好地指导盆栽小菊的引种和栽培,筛选适宜粤港澳大湾区产业化生产应用的优良品种,该文以荷兰引进的30个盆栽小菊品种为研究对象,从观赏性和适应性两个方面选取22个评价指标,基于层次分析法(AHP)构建了一套盆栽小菊园林应用综合评价体系。结果表明:(1)花色、花径、冠幅和观花期等4个评价指标权重值居前,是影响盆栽小菊观赏价值的关键因子。(2)利用该评价体系对30个盆栽小菊品种进行综合评价,将其划分为优秀、良好、一般和较差等4个等级,各等级品种数所占比例分别为16.67%、26.67%、43.33%和13.33%。从中筛选出‘西奥’‘马里奥’‘红粉佳人’‘绿色心情’和‘卡斯蒂赫’等5个优秀品种,这些品种普遍具有花色艳丽、花径大、花期长和抗旱性强等优点,可在粤港澳大湾区规模化生产。同时筛选出‘德里粉’‘朝阳繁华’‘粉草莓’‘小乒糖心’‘夏之恋’‘迪迪’‘红日’和‘小行星’等8个优良品种,这些品种整体性状表现优良,可作为园林应用的补充材料进行小规模栽培。采用AHP法可有效进行盆栽小菊品种综合评价与分级,并筛选观赏价值高、适应性强的优良品种供园林生产应用。     

花生萌发至苗期耐盐胁迫的基因型差异北大核心CSCD

采用盆栽试验,设置0、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%等4个浓度的盐胁迫,通过出苗速度、植株形态和生物量等指标研究不同基因型花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种(系)萌发至幼苗期的耐盐性差异。结果表明,各浓度盐胁迫下,相对出苗时间、相对株高、相对主茎高、相对主根长、相对地上部鲜质量、相对地下部鲜质量、相对植株鲜质量、相对地上部干质量、相对地下部干质量和相对植株干质量等10个指标耐盐指数品种间呈正态分布,变异较大。主成分分析将10个指标归结为不相关的独立因子,采用综合得分将107个品种(系)聚类为高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型4组,0.15%浓度下4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的45.79%、39.25%、7.48%和7.48%;0.30%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的11.21%、47.66%、22.43%和18.69%;0.45%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的6.54%、23.36%、50.47%和19.63%。部分品种(系)在各强度盐胁迫下均表现为耐盐或盐敏感,部分品种(系)在低强度胁迫下表现为耐盐,而在高强度胁迫下表现为盐敏感。3个浓度盐胁迫下高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和盐高度敏感型分组一致的品种(系)分别有1个(‘阜花11’)、7个(‘花育28’、‘Z11’、‘花育39’、‘花育32’、‘HLN2’、‘粤油26’、‘XE019’)、0个和1个(‘D1035’)。盐胁迫下,不同耐盐类型花生品种(系)出苗时间、植株形态和生物量等10个指标间差异达显著或极显著水平,盐敏感类型比耐盐类型品种(系)出苗时间延长,植株形态建成抑制加重,物质积累减少。     

Genotypic differences in salt tolerance from germination to seedling stage in peanut

采用盆栽试验, 设置0、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%等4个浓度的盐胁迫, 通过出苗速度、植株形态和生物量等指标研究不同基因型花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种(系)萌发至幼苗期的耐盐性差异。结果表明, 各浓度盐胁迫下, 相对出苗时间、相对株高、相对主茎高、相对主根长、相对地上部鲜质量、相对地下部鲜质量、相对植株鲜质量、相对地上部干质量、相对地下部干质量和相对植株干质量等10个指标耐盐指数品种间呈正态分布, 变异较大。主成分分析将10个指标归结为不相关的独立因子, 采用综合得分将107个品种(系)聚类为高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型4组, 0.15%浓度下4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的45.79%、39.25%、7.48%和7.48%; 0.30%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的11.21%、47.66%、22.43%和18.69%; 0.45%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的6.54%、23.36%、50.47%和19.63%。部分品种(系)在各强度盐胁迫下均表现为耐盐或盐敏感, 部分品种(系)在低强度胁迫下表现为耐盐, 而在高强度胁迫下表现为盐敏感。3个浓度盐胁迫下高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和盐高度敏感型分组一致的品种(系)分别有1个(‘阜花11’)、7个(‘花育28’、‘Z11’、‘花育39’、‘花育32’、‘HLN2’、‘粤油26’、‘XE019’)、0个和1个(‘D1035’)。盐胁迫下, 不同耐盐类型花生品种(系)出苗时间、植株形态和生物量等10个指标间差异达显著或极显著水平, 盐敏感类型比耐盐类型品种(系)出苗时间延长, 植株形态建成抑制加重, 物质积累减少。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细