野生Bc菌株产黑色素的研究*

Bc58是一株野生蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株,经L-酪氨酸诱导后可产生红棕色色素。通过红外光谱及各种化学测定证明该色素与S igm a公司标准黑色素(M elan in)的性质相似。生测结果显示添加Bc58黑色素的B t制剂经紫外照射5 h后的LC₅₀为16.1μg/mL,与未经紫外照射的B t制剂的LC5015.2μg/mL基本相同,而比未添加黑色素的B t制剂经紫外照射后的杀虫毒力高出近1倍。经SDS-PAGE检测表明该黑色素可保护苏云金杆菌晶体蛋白在紫外光下基本不降解,表明Bc58黑色素     

转化cry1C基因对苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫活性的影响

将含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电脉冲法转入含基因cry1C的质粒,通过电泳冲法转入含基因cry1Ab、cry1Ac和cry2的对小菜蛾具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌野生菌株YBT－803－1中,得到转化子MBMY－003。PCR和SDS－PAGE分析显示,cry1C可在其中正常复制、表达,但使受体菌部分内源质粒发生丢失。生物测定结果表明,转化子MBMY－003既对甜菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．178μL／mL,高于出发菌株YBT－803－1（LC501．879μL／mL）,也对小菜蛾有毒力,LC50值为1．968μL／mL,低于YBKT－803－1（LC501．143μL／mL）。表明cry1C转入后,提高了野生菌株YBT－803－1对甜菜夜蛾的毒力,却降低了对小菜蛾的毒力。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310几丁质酶基因chi70的克隆和表达

为了了解嗜线虫致病杆菌Xenorhabdus nematophila几丁质酶的功能,本研究通过PCR技术从X nematophila HB310菌株中克隆得到了几丁质酶基因chi70,对该基因进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明该基因全长1947 bp,编码648个氨基酸,表达的Chi70蛋白不含信号肽。将chi70基因进行原核表达,获得大量重组Chi70蛋白。采用二硝基水杨酸法（DNS法）测定重组蛋白酶活,结果表明几丁质酶Chi70在pH70时活性最高,为8815 U/mL。采用生测方法测定 Chi70对苏云金芽孢杆菌HD-73（Bt HD-73）的增效活性,结果表明单独使用Bt HD-73时对2龄棉铃虫幼虫的LC50为1480 μg/mL,添加Chi70后的Bt HD-73对2龄棉铃虫幼虫的LC50为 566 μg/mL,实验结果说明Chi70对Bt具有明显的增效作用。     

粘虫颗粒体病毒与苏云金杆菌联合作用对甜菜夜蛾的影响

以甜菜夜蛾为试虫,测定了粘虫颗粒体病毒（PuGV-Ps）对苏云金杆菌（Bt）毒力的增效作用。结果表明PuGV对甜菜夜蛾没有致毒作用,但Bt中加入PuGV后可以提高Bt对甜菜夜蛾的毒力,甜菜夜蛾致死中量LC50由Bt单剂的1．094mg／mL下降到0．862mg／mL,共毒系数达127。亚致死剂量Bt处理甜菜夜蛾影响了幼虫的生长发育,表现为幼虫生长量相对减少、蛹重下降、化蛹率降低和化蛹历期延长,添加了PuGV-Ps后进一步增强了Bt对甜菜夜蛾的生长发育的抑制作用。甜菜夜蛾中肠蛋白酶活性测定结果表明,PuGV-Ps对甜菜夜蛾中肠酶活性具有抑制作用;昆虫同时取食PuGV-Ps和Bt后,中肠酶液总蛋白酶活力都有所下降,在中肠酶液最适pH范围内蛋白酶活力抑制作用最明显。     

暗盘孢属YM421黑色素稳定性及其抗氧化活性

对暗盘菌Plectania sp.YM421菌株所产黑色素的稳定性及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:该黑色素易溶于氢氧化钠溶液和二甲亚砜,微溶于蒸馏水,不溶于盐酸、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、二甲苯、丙酮和乙醚;该黑色素在pH≥6时稳定,pH≤5时产生沉淀;对室光、日光、紫外光、亚硫酸钠、Na+和K+稳定;添加苯甲酸钠、柠檬酸钠、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽糖对黑色素有增色或护色作用;而双氧水、柠檬酸、VitC、Mg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Al3+降低其稳定性;该黑色素与VitC还原能力的EC50值(吸光度为0.5时的浓度)分别为169.6μg/mL和31.88μg/mL,对羟基清除作用的IC50值(清除率为50%时的浓度)分别为360.4μg/mL和183μg/mL。作为一种新型的天然色素,YM421黑色素有望应用于食品、化妆品以及医药等行业。     

江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中抗肿瘤蛋白的分离纯化及活性研究

利用离子交换和凝胶过滤层析等分离技术从江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化到一种抗肿瘤蛋白,经SDS-聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳检测其分子量为58．2ku。MTT法测定该蛋白对K562细胞的LC50为4．96μg／mL,电子显微镜观察其能引起K562细胞的凋亡,琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见典型的DNA梯状条带,实验结果表明该蛋白对K562细胞有明显的抑制作用。     

芽胞杆菌B13解养分效果研究

目的评价芽胞杆菌B13的功能。方法通过培养基及土壤培养分析其解钾、解磷的效果。结果芽胞杆菌B13培养7d后液体培养基中的有效磷含量（0．94μg／mL）比对照组（0．75μg/mL）增加25．33％,有效钾含量（0．54μg/mL）比对照组（0．31μg／mL）增加74．19％,解磷和解钾差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。芽胞杆菌B13添加在灭菌土壤和不灭菌土壤中都具有明显的解磷、解钾功效,说明芽胞杆菌B13有较好的土壤定植能力。平板解磷试验证明芽胞杆菌B13同时具有解无机磷和有机磷的功效。结论芽胞杆菌B13具有很大的研究与开发价值。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基cry3A在鳞翅目特异菌株中的表达及杀虫特性

将对鞘翅目昆虫有特异毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌cry3A基因电转化到只对鳞翅目昆虫有毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌野生型菌株YBT803-1中,获得转化了BMBY-001。SDS-PAGE分析及镜检结果表明,cry3A基因可在该菌株中高效表达,但出发菌株中原有的cry1Ab、cry1Ac及cry2的表达则受到不同程度的影响。生物测定结果显示,转化子BMBY-001对柳蓝叶甲(鞘翅目)具有较高毒力,LC50为0.413μL／mL(浸叶法),对小菜蛾(鳞翅目)的毒力比野生受体菌YBT803-1有所降低,LC50值为3.319μL／mL。     

昆虫病原线虫Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF品系与Bt HBF-18菌株混用对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的防治效果

【目的】明确昆虫病原线虫 Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF品系(LF)与苏云金芽孢杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis HBF-18菌株(Bt HBF-18)混用后对华北大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia oblita 幼虫的致病力的协同增效作用,为该害虫的防治提供新的技术措施。【方法】在室内测定了LF在不同使用剂量、不同环境温度及不同土壤湿度条件下对华北大黑鳃金龟7-10日龄幼虫的致病力;通过室内生测测定了Bt HBF-18对LF存活的影响,以及Bt HBF-18与LF两者混用后对7-10日龄华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的防治效果;同时通过室外盆栽试验测定了两者混用对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的防治效果。【结果】华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫死亡率随LF施用剂量和处理时间的增加而升高,其中,侵染期线虫(infective juveniles, IJs)800 IJs/100 μL及以上剂量处理7 d后幼虫死亡率达到了100%;25℃为该线虫侵染的最适宜环境温度;适宜土壤湿度范围为14%~20%,湿度过低或过高都会显著影响其侵染效率。室内生测结果表明, Bt HBF-18处理9 d对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的致死中浓度(LC 50 )为 1.44× 10^8 CFU/g土,此浓度对LF的存活基本没有影响。另外,室内生测和室外盆栽试验结果均表明,将LF与Bt HBF-18混用能显著提高对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的防治效果,混用后具有不同程度的加成或协同增效作用。室内生测试验中LC 50 Bt+200 IJs/100 μL LF混用处理3 d后,较单独LF和Bt HBF-18处理幼虫死亡率分别提高了约43.07%和36.05%,具有显著的协同增效作用;室外盆栽试验中1/2 LC 50 Bt+1 000 IJs/mL LF, LC 50 Bt+1 000 IJs/mL LF和1/2 LC 50 Bt+1 500 IJs/mL LF均具有协同增效作用,其中1/2 LC 50 Bt+1 500 IJs/mL LF增效作用最佳,较单独LF和Bt HBF-18处理幼虫死亡率分别提高了约38.89%和80.55%。【结论】将昆虫病原线虫LF与Bt HBF-18混用对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的防治具有加成或协同增效作用。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀线虫伴胞晶体蛋白基因cry6Aa的克隆与表达

通过对晶体蛋白N-末端氨基酸测序,设计简并探针,从对根结线虫高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1518菌株中克隆到1个含有杀线虫晶体蛋白基因的片段。序列测定表明该序列含有两个ORF(orf1和orf2),其中orf1与基因cry6Aa1同源性为98%,已在GenBank上登录(Acc.NO.AF499736),并被命名为cry6Aa2。将克隆的该片段克隆到穿梭载体pHT304上,并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株可形成米粒状伴胞晶体。生物测定表明,表达的毒素蛋白对北方根结线虫的LC50为9.47μg/mL,毒力与出发菌株(10.74μg/mL)相当。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.