Cyclin B1蛋白在血管瘤组织中的表达

目的　检测CyclinB1蛋白在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达 ,探讨CyclinB1在血管瘤发生、发展中的作用及意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法检测增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤及正常皮肤组织 (各 2 0例 )中CyclinB1蛋白的表达。结果　在增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组组织中 ,CyclinB1蛋白免疫组织化学阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为 :0 14 6± 0 0 16 ,0 0 79± 0 0 18,0 0 6 8± 0 0 2 1;阳性面积率分别为 :0 5 38± 0 0 6 5 ,0 2 0 4± 0 0 79,0 176±0 0 5 4。增生期血管瘤与退化期血管瘤、正常皮肤组分别相比 ,CyclinB1蛋白阳性表达的平均光密度和阳性面积率均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,退化期血管瘤与正常皮肤组之间 ,CyclinB1蛋白阳性表达的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　Cy clinB1蛋白在血管瘤发生发展和毛细血管内皮细胞的异常过度增生中起着重要的作用。     

皮肤血管瘤组织中WT-1、Bcl-2、P53的表达及意义

目的研究肾母细胞瘤基因（WT-1）、Bcl-2和P53在增生期、退化期血管瘤及正常组织中的表达,探讨其意义及相互关联。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测人皮肤血管瘤组织中WT1、Bcl-2和P53在增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中血管内皮细胞中的表达水平,利用计算机成像分析技术检测不同时期皮肤血管瘤与正常皮肤组织WT1、Bcl-2和P53的平均光密度及其阳性面积率。结果1.WT-1在退化期血管瘤中有较强表达,而在增生期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织中表达微弱或不表达（P〈0.05）。2.Bcl-2在增生期血管瘤的表达明显高于退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织（P〈0.01）;Bcl-2在退化期血管瘤的表达与正常皮肤组织相比,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。3.p53基因在增生期血管瘤组织中表达水平高于退化期,差异有极显著性意义（P〈0.01）,退化期血管瘤p53基因表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论1.WT-1可能通过促进内皮细胞凋亡而抑制血管瘤的增生;2.Bcl-2可能是通过抑制内皮细胞的凋亡,使其增殖和凋亡失衡;3.P53可能促进了血管瘤增生期内皮细胞的增殖,使血管内皮细胞大量生成。     

P73蛋白在血管瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨P73蛋白在血管瘤组织中的表达及在血管瘤发生、发展中的作用.方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法分别检测(各20例)增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤、正常皮肤组织中P73蛋白的表达,并用HPIAS-2000多媒体彩色病理图像分析系统定量分析、比较P73蛋白在增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织中的表达.结果在增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤,P73蛋白免疫组化阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为:6.408±2.151,1.073±0.516,0.953±0.120;阳性面积率分别为:0.184±0.015,0.098±0.014,0.087±0.012.增生期血管瘤与退化期血管瘤、正常皮肤组分别相比,P73蛋白阳性表达的平均光密度和阳性面积率有显著性差异(P<0.001 ) ,消退期血管瘤与正常皮肤组之间,P73蛋白阳性表达的无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 P73蛋白在血管瘤发生发展和毛细血管内皮细胞的异常过度增生中起着重要的作用.     

Bax在人皮肤血管瘤不同时期的表达及意义

目的　探讨Bax在血管瘤发生、发展及退化过程中的表达状况及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法(S P法 )检测人皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中Bax的表达水平 ,并结合第Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组织化学染色证实表达Bax的细胞是血管内皮细胞。利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同时期血管瘤组织和正常皮肤组织Bax表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积。结果　Bax在上述三组中的表达有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。Bax在血管瘤退化期的表达高于增生期 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。退化期血管瘤内皮细胞Bax表达水平高于增生期 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,增生期血管瘤内皮细胞Bax表达水平高于正常皮肤组织 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Bax于血管瘤增生晚期就开始表达 ;至血管瘤退化期 ,Bax的表达达到高峰。这提示Bax这种促进细胞凋亡的蛋白参与血管瘤的增生与退化过程 ,Bax可能是引起血管瘤退化的重要因素之一。     

环氧合酶-2在子宫内膜癌中上调表达的临床意义

目的　探讨环氧合酶 2与子宫内膜癌发生、发展中的关系。方法　研究对象分为 5组 ,增生期组 2 5例 ,分泌期组 2 5例 ,内膜炎组 2 5例 ,非典型性增生组 2 3例 ,子宫内膜癌组 34例 ,应用免疫组化和定量RT PCR方法 ,检测其中Cox 2蛋白和mRNA水平表达。结果　 6 7%的子宫内膜癌表达Cox 2 ,在转录和蛋白水平子宫内膜癌组的Cox 2表达强度明显高于其它四组 (免疫组化评分分别为 :增生期组 5 4 6± 0 12 3,分泌期组 3 2 0± 0 176 ,内膜炎组 4 78± 0 12 ,非典型性增生组 6 10±0 2 5 ,子宫内膜癌组 8 70± 0 93,相应mRNA含量依次为 92 8± 8 2 2fpg/ μg ,6 4 9± 11 0 8fpg/ μg ,79 4± 5 83fpg/ μg ,2 99 3± 10 6 8fpg/ μg ,4 93 0± 2 9 5 8fpg/ μg) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,内膜癌中 ,高分化细胞Cox 2表达高于低分化细胞 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。非典型性增生组Cox 2表达显著高于正常内膜和内膜炎组 ,增殖期组Cox 2表达高于分泌期组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Cox 2可能在子宫内膜癌发生发展中起重要作用 ,可为子宫内膜癌的化学预防和化疗的辅助治疗提供新靶点     

Bmi-1和EZH2基因在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨Bmi-1和EZH2基因在血管瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法收集武汉大学人民医院病理科2008年-2011年皮肤毛细血管瘤存档蜡块40例,其中男性15例,女性25例。采用免疫组织化学S～P法检测40例皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织Bmi-1和EZH2基因表达水平,采用HPIAS-1000图文报告管理系统对Bmi-l和EZH2基因的表达进行定量分析,并用SPSSll．5软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单因素方差分析和SNK（q）检验。结果（1）Bmi-1的表达增生期血管瘤血管内皮细胞中可见密集分布的棕黄色颗粒,Bmi-1呈高表达,正常皮肤组及退化组血管内皮细胞中可见少量的棕黄色颗粒,Bmi-1呈低表达。增生期组Bmi-1的表达明显高于退化期组和正常皮肤组（P〈0．05）,而后两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）EZH2的表达增生期血管瘤血管内皮细胞中可见密集分布的棕黄色颗粒,EZH2呈高表达,正常皮肤组及退化组血管内皮细胞中可见少量的棕黄色颗粒,EZH2呈低表达。增生期组EZH2的表达明显高于退化期组和正常皮肤组（P〈o．05）,而后两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论Bmi-1和EZH2基因在血管瘤增生期均呈高表达,表明Bmi-1和EZH2基因均参与了血管瘤的发生和发展。     

细胞周期素G1、G2在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨细胞周期素G1、G2与血管瘤发生发展及退化的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法对50例血管瘤和5例正常皮肤组织检测细胞周期素G1、G2的表达;对所获得的检测结果进行图像分析处理。结果增生期血管瘤内皮细胞胞浆或胞核内cyclin G1呈强阳性表达,退化期血管瘤内皮细胞胞浆内cyclin G1无表达;增生期血管瘤内皮细胞胞浆内无cyclin G2表达,退化期血管瘤内皮细胞胞浆内cyclin G2呈强阳性表达。增生期组与退化期组、正常皮肤组分别相比,细胞周期素G,阳性表达差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,退化期组与增生期组、正常皮肤组之间,细胞周期素G2的阳性表达差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论细胞周期素G1、G2在血管瘤发生、发展及退化中起着重要作用。     

褪黑素抑制原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞c—fos的表达

本研究采用Fos蛋白免疫组化染色方法观察了胎牛血清对原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞c-fos表达的刺激作用及褪黑素的阻断作用,以每一视野Fos染色阳性细胞的百分比为指标,每组实验观察14至17个视野,实验结果显示,正常对照组平均每视野Fos染色阳性细胞为44．31±2．77％,胎牛血清刺激组为63．07±3．93％,明显高于对照组IP＜0．01）,胎牛血清加10^-6mol/L褪黑素组为35．29±3．22％,明显低于单纯胎牛血清刺激组（P＜0．01）,但与对照组无明显差异（P＞0．05）,该结果表明褪黑素可以抑制原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞c-fos表达。     

Cyclin D1在人皮肤血管瘤不同时期的表达

目的　探讨cyclinD1蛋白在血管瘤发生、发展及退化过程中的表达状况及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法 (S P法 )检测人皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中cyclinD1的表达水平 ,并结合第Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组织化学染色证实表达cyclinD1的细胞是血管内皮细胞。利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同时期血管瘤组织和正常皮肤组织cyclinD1表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积率。结果　增生期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平高于退化期 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,退化期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　cyclinD1通过促进血管瘤内皮细胞增殖和血管生成而在血管瘤的形成过程中起重要作用。     

NF-kB p65在皮肤血管瘤不同时期的表达

目的探讨NF-κB p65在血管瘤发生、发展及退化过程中的表达状况及其意义.方法采用免疫组织化学方法(S-P法)检测人皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织及内皮中NF-κB p65的表达水平.利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同时期血管瘤组织和正常皮肤组织NF-κB p65表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积.结果增生期血管瘤内皮细胞NF-κB p65表达水平高于退化期,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),退化期血管瘤内皮细胞NF-κB p65表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 NF-κB p65可能通过正向调控血管生成因子的表达而促进血管瘤的形成.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.