转基因食品安全性研究进展

转基因食品的安全性在世界范围内备受关注,近年来,已经成为公众争论的焦点。本文简要综述了转基因食品的现状和安全性,并介绍了我国政府对转基因食品的态度。此外,还对转基因食品的发展前景作了简要展望。     

转基因作物及其食品的安全性

对转基因食品存在的潜在危害进行了全面分析,概述了对转基因食品的安全性评价的主要方面及世界各国对转基因食品安全的态度和对转基因食品的管理模式。     

转基因食品具有良好的安全性

消费者对转基因食品的了解一般来自媒体．其对转基因食品的担心与媒体对转基因食品的宣传不全面、公众对转基因食品的不了解有关。媒体往往片面夸大了某些假想的东西．对公众的影响较大。实际上．转基因食品是一种很安全的食品。     

基因工程植物的安全性问题

转基因植物的研究进展很迅速,但基因工程植物是否安全一直争论不休,主要表现在转基因食品的安全性及生态安全性问题上.转基因食品的安全性涉及这些食品的过敏性、毒性以及抗生素标记基因的安全性几个方面.转基因植物的生态安全性包括基因漂流、是否能诱发昆虫产生Bt抗性和对生物多样性的影响等.本文针对这些问题,对转基因植物潜在危害以及国际上现有的评价作简要综述.     

转基因食品的安全性探究

随着经济全球化的进程不断加速,各国间经济贸易的往来日益频繁以及新型食品的不断发展,越来越多有关食品安全的事件层出不穷,转基因食品作为新型的食品,其安全问题自然也越来越受到当前各国人民的广泛关注。文章概述了转基因食品的安全性评估,以及当前转基因食品对人们身体健康和生态环境所可能产生的影响进行了初步的分析和研究,并对有关转基因食品的安全性问题进行了深入地讨论。     

转基因是否会残留在体内?

转基因技术自诞生以来,争论就从未间断过。农业部网站宣传资料称,我国是转基因生物安全评估最严格的国家之一。但是"转基因玉米导致老鼠减少""欧洲人不吃转基因食品"等传闻是否属实?我国是否应该发展转基因技术?转基因食品到底安不安全?日前农业部及高校的专家学者解答了公众对于转基因的种种疑虑。转基因带来医学"曙光"在我国,公众对于转基因技术的高度关注始于2009年,当时农业部发放了转基因水稻和玉米的安全证书,引发公众对转基因技术尤其是转基因食品安全的质疑。中国工程院院士、中国农业大学教授李宁     

理性认识转基因植物食品的安全性

讨论现代生物技术的几个基本概念 ,如转基因生物、基因修饰生物、重组DNA植物以及对转基因植物食品安全性评价框架 ,阐明作者对转基因植物食品安全性的理解。     

转基因与非转基因大豆油主要营养成分比较分析

为了解消费者对转基因食品的认知消费情况,在河南地区消费者调研的基础上,对转基因和非转基因大豆油的主要营养成分进行了比较分析。结果表明：63.41%的被调查者听说过转基因食品,其中认为转基因食品对人体健康和环境影响长期短期均有害的占36.22%、自己不会购买转基因食品的占64.4%。转基因和非转基因大豆油在脂肪酸、维生素E和甾醇的种类上一致,其中非转基因大豆油中α-亚麻酸的含量显著高于转基因大豆油,其余各组分含量在两者中差异不显著;两者脂肪酸总量中不饱和脂肪酸占比超过80%,β-谷甾醇在甾醇中的含量最高。综上,消费者对转基因食品认知度、关注度较高,转基因和非转基因大豆油在主要营养成分上差异不明显。本研究为转基因食品的安全性评价和政府制定监管政策提供科学依据。     

转基因产品的食用安全性评价

近10年来,基因工程技术取得显著进展,不少转基因作物已进入商品化生产阶段,但由于斑蝶事件的Pusztai事件,在全世界范围内又引发了新一轮对转基因食品安全性的激烈争论,作者就目前的转基因产品食用安全性评价体系做一简要综述,为我国尽快建立转基因食品安全性评价体系提供部分依据。     

转基因植物的环境及食品安全性

本文就国际上转基因植物的环境安全性和食品安全性作了评述,描述了已积累的科学数据和经验,并对存在的问题,安全性评估和监控的总趋势作了讨论。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。