严重缺碘对体质及遗传性状影响的研究

对严重缺碘地区一个容貌特殊,身材较矮,智力低下的人群进行了体质特征及遗传性状的研究,并与国内有关本地区的调查资料进行了对照,提出人类体质特征和遗传性状除与人种、地理环境异同直接相关外,人体不可缺少的微量元素的摄入水平在一定程度上对其也产生影响。并且认为同一人种、民族居住同一地理位置所产生的体质差异应从水文、地质、生活方式、生活水平的不同进行综合分析。     

长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究

长吻鮠精巢高度分支呈指状。后1/3紫红色,由上皮细胞组成,既不产生精子,也不贮存精子。精巢的内部结构为叶型,由体细胞和生殖细胞构成,小叶的基本单位是小囊。精子头短而圆,主要为核占据,无顶体,核凹窝十分发达,有中心粒帽;尾极长,具侧鳍,轴丝基部有发达的囊泡状结构和线粒体。     

The Studies on Embryology in Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

The development of the anther wall follows Basic-type. The cytokinesis at the time of pollen mother cell meiosis conforms to successive type. The arrangement of the microspores in the tetrad is referred to isobilateral. The primary wall between the generative cell and the vegetative cell is callose. The callose wall is easily detected under the fluorescence microscope. The mature pollen grain is 2-celled type. The ovule is bitegminous, tenui-nucellar and anatropous. The development of the female gametophyte follows Fritillaria-type. The mature embryo sac. consists of the six cells including the seven nuclei. The fertilization is referred to the premitotic syngamy type. The fusion of the female and male nucleoli is not observed at the end of the fertilization. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than that of the zygote. The development of the endosperm is referred to nuclear type. The division of the zygote is transverse of longitudinal, the development of the embryo conforms to Onagradtype. When the seed is mature, the embryo is at the proembryo stage without differentiation and the endosperm cells are not absorbed.     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

新疆蒙古族体质人类学研究

１９９１年对新疆伊犁２０－５５岁的蒙古族人群进行了活体观察（５３３例）和活体测量（２０９例）。结果表明,蒙古族的主要特征是：黑发直发,黑褐色眼,９０％以上的个体眼内角有蒙古褶,大多为狭鼻型,突唇者居多,约５０％个体耳廓在达尔文结节,耳垢大多是干型。头面部指数分型,大多属圆头型。身材较高大,平均身高男１６９０毫米,女１５６５．１毫米,身材在中等以上者占大多数（男８１．２％,女７３．９％）体格健壮,平     

芒苞草形态学和胚胎学研究：Ⅱ.花药和胚珠发育的研究

芒苞草成熟胚珠为倒生型,薄珠心,双珠被。胎座为侧膜胎座向中轴胎座的过渡类型。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。 成熟胚囊由印器,具二极核的中央细胞及三个反足细胞组成。助细胞呈倒梨形,极性不明显,珠孔端壁有角状的丝状器。中央细胞的二极核在受精前融合为次生核。 花药具二个小孢子囊,花药壁层为单子叶型,具分泌型绒毡层,小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为连续型,四分体是左右对称式排列,成熟花粉粒为二细胞的。 在花药与胚珠发育过程中,多糖物质的消长是有规律的变化。     

红皮树胚胎发育

本文报道红皮树(Styrax suberifoltus Hook.et Arn.)大小孢子发育和早期胚胎发生。子房具胚珠20—23枚,胚珠横生,珠被二层,薄珠心,孢原细胞直接起大孢子母细胞作用。合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为正常型。成熟胚囊具大量淀粉粒。小孢子形成为同时型,成熟花粉为二细胞型。传粉后、受精前两个助细胞在形状和对苏木精着色程度上有显著区别。胚乳发育为细胞型。在合子分裂前,胚乳细胞增至约26个时,暂时停止分裂。苏木精对细胞质不易着色,似解体细胞。有胚乳吸器。     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

浒苔多糖的分离、纯化和分析

浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａ）经热水提取,Ｓｅｖａｇｅ法除去蛋白质,用乙醇沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析,得浒苔多糖（简称ＥＰ）精制品。经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００柱层析鉴定为单一对称性洗脱峰。红外光谱分析具有多糖特征吸收峰,紫外光谱分析未见有核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰。总糖含量为８８．８％,其中糖醛酸含量为３３．６％。单糖组成为Ｌ－阿拉伯糖、Ｌ－岩藻糖、Ｄ－甘露糖、Ｄ－半乳糖及Ｄ－葡萄糖,平均分子量为２５０００。     

黄土丘陵区子午岭短柄五加群落特征分析

采用样方法研究了子午岭短柄五加(Acanthopanax brachypus)群落的特征。结果表明：短柄五加群落具有典型的温带植物区系特点,其科属组成分散,种类成分简单,为自然演替和人工改造双重作用下的不稳定群落;群落物种丰富度指数和多样性指数变化趋势基本一致,生态优势度指数表现出相反的趋势;群落垂直结构明显,乔木层以油松、辽东栎和侧柏为主,灌木层中短柄五加占绝对优势,草本层以披针叶苔草为主,该群落可分为油松-短柄五加-披针叶苔草+三褶脉紫菀群丛、油松+辽东栎-短柄五加-披针叶苔草群丛、辽东栎-短柄五加-披针叶苔草群丛、侧柏-短柄五加+铁杆蒿-披针叶苔草群丛4个类型;短柄五加的分布主要受水热条件限制,在水热条件相对较好的地段及林缘长势较好。     

陕西秦岭半仓山蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensisChouetRan的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上旬为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中旬为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60 d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8 d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9 d;幼虫型,共4龄,历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8~18 d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

假鞭叶铁线蕨配子体发育的研究

用1/2MS培养基培养假鞭叶铁线蕨(Adiantum mdesianum Chatak)孢子,光学显微镜下观察孢子萌发及配子体发育过程.结果表明:成熟的孢子棕红色,不透明,四面体型,辐射对称,三裂缝.接种6 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为紫萁型(Osmunda-type),原叶体发育为铁线蕨型(Adiantum-type).接种25 d左右片状体形成.接种50 d左右发育为成熟原叶体,呈心脏形,裸露无毛状体.接种60 d左右性器官出现,雌雄同株.精子器长圆球形,由3细胞构成;成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,3～5层细胞高.     

鞑靼滨藜胚胎学研究

鞑靼滨藜（Ａｔｒｉｐｌｅｘ ｔａｔａｒｉｃａ Ｌ．）药壁４层细胞,中层１层;绒毡层腺质型。孢原细胞１列或２弄;同花药异花粉囊小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同步,同花粉囊减数分裂大部分同步,部分非同步;四分孢子多为四面体形,少数是左右对称形,胞质分裂同时型;成熟花粉粒为风状饰纹,３－细胞型;单子叶型药壁。弯生胚珠,厚珠心型;双珠被,四分子孢子直线。反足细胞受精前退化,属蓼型胚囊。胚的发育为藜型,胚乳细胞在球     

The Development of Microsporangium and Microspore in Azolla

This paper presents a detailed report on the developmental progresses of the microsporangium and its microspores in Azolla filiculoides Lam., and shows the morphologicaI structures of the respective developmental stares with the aid of scanning electron photographs. The entire developmental progress may be divided into six stages: ( 1 ) The microspore mother cell initiating stage The microsporangium initial on the placenta of the sporocarp gave rise a sporogenous cell, and then divided four times to form sixteen microspore mother cells; (2) The meiotic stage–The microspore mother cells initiated meiosis inside their calIose walls. The radial and inner tangential walls of the tapetum were dissolved at the same time and followed by the formation of a sporoplasmodium; (3) The microspore shrinking Ⅰ–After the callose walls of tetrads was dissolved, those microspores that just released from the callose walls shrunk intensely and became spherical later again. The sporoderm of microspores was principally synthesized in this stage, and the volume of microspores became evidently increased. The microspores then gradually moved to the periphery of the sporoplasmodium; (4) The microspore shrinking Ⅱ-Each microspore formed a large vacuole and gave rise the second contraction. The periphery of the sporoplasmodium was gradually dissolved; (5) The massulae forming stage–The sporoplasmodium was dissolved successivelly, and the undissolvable granules and organelle membrane residues. became aggregated into the compartmental layer, and the microsporangium was divided into several large vesicles, each vesicle will form a massulae; (6) The microspore germinating stage–The ,natured microspores inside the massulae each gave rise an androgonial initial which divided two times to form four antherozoid mother cells and then gave rise the antherozoids. The relationships between the various morphological structures and their functions in the microsporangium developmental progress have breify discussed. In addition, our viewpoints have compared with those of previous investigations.     

短柄五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子体发育的研究

短柄五加花药５枚,每个花药四个花粉囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体形的四分体。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层四层细胞组成,其发育类型为双子叶型。腺质绒毡层,其细胞为二核。三细胞型花粉。子房５室,每室两个胚珠,上胚珠败育,下胚珠可育。下胚珠倒生,具单珠被,厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线性排列的四个大孢子,雌配子体发育属蓼型。开花当天,花粉散开,雌配子体尚未成熟,处     

象牙参种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

象牙参种子解剖学和组织化学的研究结果表明, 种子包括假种皮、种皮、外胚乳、内胚乳和胚。假种皮没有完全包被种子, 由约4~5 层薄壁细胞构成。种皮可以分为外种皮、中种皮和内种皮。外种皮由1 层表皮细胞构成, 细胞壁明显增厚;中种皮包括下皮层、半透明细胞层和3~4层细胞的色素层, 下皮层和色素层细胞均充满红棕色色素;内种皮由1 层体积小、壁局部增厚的砖形薄壁细胞构成。种子在珠孔端分化出珠孔领、孔盖和种阜状结构, 珠孔领为同形型, 孔盖不具石细胞硬层。合点区内种皮出现缺口, 缺口间充满合点区色素细胞, 其整体轮廓成新月形。外胚乳可分为厚区与薄区两部分, 外胚乳细胞壁平直, 细胞内充满淀粉。内胚乳细胞主要含蛋白质, 也有少量脂类物质, 细胞界限不清楚。胚棒状, 两端略膨大, 含大量脂类物质, 也含蛋白质和多糖。     

长豇豆种皮和种脐的发育

长豇豆的胚珠具内外两层珠被,内珠被在种子发育早期退化消失,种皮仅由外珠被发育而成。外珠被的外表皮细胞径向伸长,外壁和经向壁增厚,形成约占成熟种皮厚度一半的栅栏层;亚表皮细胞发育为骨状石细胞层。第三层细胞类似于亚表皮层但细胞壁增厚不明显,其内方的多层薄壁细胞形成海绵组织。种脐具两层栅栏细胞,外栅栏层及其以外部分由珠柄组织发育而成管胞群。本文还对脐缝和管胞群的作用以及豆科种子的吸水机制进行了讨论。     

The skull of Morganucodon

Morganucodon is a triconodont (atherian) mammal from the Lower Jurassic. Two species are described: M. oehleri from China and M. watsoni from Wales. The skull in M. walsoni is 26 mm long; M. oehleri is slightly larger. The dentition is differentiated functionally into incisors, canines, premolars and molars. The pineal foramen is closed. The prefrontals, postfrontals and postorbitals are lost. Septomaxilla, quadratojugal, tabular and pterygoid flanges are retained. The bony external nares are unpaired. The nasal cavity had the mammalian complement of turbinals. The posterior palate has ridges and troughs similar to those in tritylodonts, triconodonts and multituberculates. The alisphenoid ascending process is narrow and is not in contact with the anterior lamina of the petrosal, lying lateral to it. There is a cavum epiptericum, as in late therapsids. The anterior lamina forms the lateral braincase wall, perforated by the foramina pseudovale and pseudorotundum. There is a squamosal-dentary articulation, but the reptilian jaw joint is retained. The ear resembles that in later therapsids, with the tympanum in the lower jaw. The small quadrate was moveable, buttressed medially be a large stapes. Sound conduction from the tympanum was via articular, quadrate and stapes. The systematic position of Morganucodon is discussed.