2型猪链球菌MocR家族转录调控因子SSU0562基因敲除突变体的构建及毒力分析

目的:构建2型猪链球菌强毒株05ZYH33中MocR家族转录调控因子SSU0562基因敲除的突变株,探索SSU0562基因缺失对细菌基本生物学特性和毒力的影响。方法:构建左右两侧为SSU0562基因上下游的同源序列,中间部分为壮观霉素抗性基因(Spcr)的基因敲除质粒,通过同源重组的方法筛选SSU0562基因敲除突变株Δ0562。对突变株与野生株的基本生物学特性进行系统的比较分析,并且将小鼠作为动物感染的模型来研究突变株的毒力。结果:组合PCR的分析及基因测序结果均表明Spcr完全取代了S.suis2中SSU0562基因位点,表明基因敲除突变体Δ0562构建成功,反转录PCR(RT-PCR)证实了突变株Δ0562中SSU0562基因在转录水平的缺失;在溶血活性、生长速率及对小鼠的致病力方面,突变株Δ0562与野生株05ZYH33相比均无显著差别,然而革兰染色实验显示突变株Δ0562的成链能力明显减弱。结论:猪链球菌强毒株05ZYH33的毒力并未因SSU0562基因的缺失而发生显著性改变,表明SSU0562基因并非猪链球菌的毒力决定因子,但很有可能参与猪链球菌成链能力的调控。     

猪链球菌cAMP结合蛋白基因敲除株的构建及生物学特性

目的:构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33 c AMP结合蛋白(CRP)编码基因敲除突变株及基因回复互补株,并探究CRP基因的缺失对细菌生物学特性及毒力的影响。方法:构建中间为壮观霉素抗性基因(Spcr)、两侧为CRP编码基因上下游同源序列的基因敲除质粒,通过同源重组筛选CRP编码基因敲除突变株ΔCRP;构建CRP编码基因的互补质粒,通过电转化敲除株ΔCRP,筛选CRP的基因回复互补株CΔCRP;比较分析突变株、野生株和回复互补株的基本生物学特征的差异,并以小鼠作为动物感染模型对突变株、互补株及野生株的毒力进行评估分析。结果:应用组合PCR和基因测序分析,证实构建了CRP的突变株ΔCRP,并筛选出CRP的回复互补株CΔCRP;逆转录PCR证实在突变株ΔCRP中CRP在转录水平缺失,而在回复互补株CΔCRP中其转录回复;在丰富营养情况下,突变株ΔCRP与野生株的溶血活性、生长速率及对小鼠的致病力均无显著性差异,但突变株的成链能力减弱。结论:CRP编码基因的缺失并未显著改变野毒株05ZYH33的基本生物学特性和毒力,提示CRP可能不是猪链球菌的关键毒力决定因子,其参与碳源代谢等功能有待进一步研究。     

高致病性2型猪链球菌plcR基因敲除株的构建及其相关生物学特性的研究

【目的】构建高致病性2型猪链球菌05ZYH33菌株plcR基因敲除株,通过比较突变株与野生株生物学特性的差异,研究plcR基因在2型猪链球菌致病过程中的作用。【方法】利用同源重组技术敲除plcR基因,多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR鉴定并测序验证。比较野生株与突变株基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠攻毒实验分析plcR基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】经RT-PCR证实05SSU0241与05SSU0242共转录,通过多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR证实成功构建plcR基因缺失突变株,基本生物学特性显示突变株的生长速率、菌落形态、溶血活性均无显著改变,小鼠致病性试验结果显示,野生株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为70%,突变株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为40%,毒力较野生株显著降低。【结论】plcR基因作为2型猪链球菌有毒株基因组中特有的外源基因,在细菌致病过程中具有重要作用。     

高致病性2型猪链球菌IV型样分泌系统virB1-89K基因的敲除及其对毒力的影响

摘要:【目的】构建高致病性2 型猪链球菌IV 型样分泌系统virB1-89K基因的敲除株和互补株,研究virB1-89K基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【方法】通过同源重组技术敲除virB1-89K基因,多重PCR筛选敲除株并测序鉴定。再将virB1-89K基因克隆到穿梭质粒pSET1后转入virB1-89K敲除株中,构建互补株。比较野生株05 ZYH33、突变株△virB1-89K和互补株CvirB1-89K三者基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠实验分析virB1-89K基因敲除后对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】成功构建突变株△virB1-89K和互补株CvirB1-89K,在基本生物学性状无明显改变的情况下,敲除株的毒性降低到野生株的30%,互补株可恢复其毒性。【结论】virB1-89K基因作为2型猪链球菌高致病性菌株05 ZYH33的IV样分泌 系统的重要组分,与其高致病性密切相关。     

高致病性2型猪链球菌截短型类枯草杆菌丝氨酸蛋白酶基因的鉴定和功能研究

【目的】克隆表达高致病性2型猪链球菌05ZYH33株的SspA截短型基因,验证其是否具有酶学活性,并构建该基因的缺失突变株细菌,探讨其在2型猪链球菌致病过程中所起的作用【。方法】构建SS2的SspA截短型基因05SSU0811原核表达质粒,表达并纯化05SSU0811蛋白,运用丝氨酸蛋白酶底物Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide(pNa),通过显色反应检测表达产物的酶学活性;运用同源重组技术敲除05SSU0811基因,多重交叉PCR筛选敲除株并测序鉴定,动物试验分析05SSU0811基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】成功表达并纯化05SSU0811蛋白,浓度约为3.5 g/L。丝氨酸蛋白酶活性测定试验证实其具有酶学活性;获得05SSU0811基因缺失突变株,小鼠攻毒试验表明,野生株攻毒的20只小鼠全部死亡,基因缺失突变株攻毒组死亡9只,死亡率45%,两组间死亡率有显著性差异。表明05SSU0811基因缺失的菌株毒力较野生株明显下降。【结论】05SSU0811基因编码的截短型丝氨酸蛋白酶仍然具有酶学活性,SS2的截短型基因SspA在高致病性2型猪链球菌的致病性方面具有一定作用。     

猪链球菌2型Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD4与毒力相关性分析

摘要:【目的】构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33毒力岛89 K上的Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD4敲除突变株,初步分析其活性和毒力,为进一步研究猪链球菌2 型在逃避宿主天然免疫杀伤中的作用提供基础。【方法】以05ZYH33基因组为模板,PCR扩增VirD4基因上下游同源臂,以穿梭质粒pSET1为模板,PCR扩增氯霉素抗性基因Cm,通过重叠PCR技术搭建上述3个片段并连接至温敏载体pSET4s,构建基因敲除载体pSET4s∷VirD4;通过同源重组构建基因敲除突变株ΔVirD4;通过体外全血杀伤实验、CD1小鼠竞争感染及攻毒实验 对突变株和野生株的毒力进行比较分析。【结果】获得了基因敲除突变株ΔVirD4,通过对比发现其毒力与野生株相比有所降低。【结论】猪链球菌2型Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD 与其毒力相关,并在早期抵抗天然免疫细胞杀伤中发挥一定作用。     

2型猪链球菌Fbps基因敲除突变体的构建及毒力分析

目的:敲除2型猪链球菌(SS2)强毒株05ZYH33中的Fbps基因,研究该基因敲除对菌株生物活性及毒力的影响,为深入探讨猪链球菌致病机制提供实验基础。方法:从05ZYH33基因组中扩增Fbps基因上、下游同源臂,从pSET1质粒中扩增氯霉素抗性基因Cm,通过重叠PCR的方法将3个片段整合后连接到温敏自杀载体pSET4s上,电转入05ZYH33感受态细胞,通过改变培养温度实现双交换和质粒丢失,最后经抗性筛选获得敲除株05ZYH33ΔFBPS,分析敲除株的生物学性状,以CD1小鼠作为体外感染模型对突变株和野生株进行毒力比较。结果:PCR分析和测序结果均显示Fbps基因敲除成功,动物实验结果显示Fbps基因敲除后05ZYH33的毒力有所下降。结论:与野生株相比,突变株对小鼠的毒力有所降低。     

高致病性2型猪链球菌Ⅳ型样分泌系统virB1-89K基因的敲除及其对毒力的影响

[目的]构建高致病性2型猪链球菌Ⅳ型样分泌系统vir B1-89K基因的敲除株和互补株,研究vir B1-89K基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响.[方法]通过同源重组技术敲除vir B1-89K基因,多重PCR筛选敲除株并测序鉴定.再将virB1-89K基因克隆到穿梭质粒pSET1后转入vir B1-89K敲除株中,构建互补株.比较野生株05ZYH33、突变株△virB1-89K和互补株CvirB1-89K三者基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠实验分析virB1-89K基因敲除后对细菌毒力的影响.[结果]成功构建突变株△vir B1-89K和互补株CvirB1-89K,在基本生物学性状无明显改变的情况下,敲除株的毒性降低到野生株的30％,互补株可恢复其毒性.[结论]virB1-89K基因作为2型猪链球菌高致病性菌株05ZYH33的Ⅳ样分泌系统的重要组分,与其高致病性密切相关.     

猪链球菌2型05Z33强毒株转录调控因子Rgg基因敲除突变体的构建及毒力分析

目的:构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33转录调控因子Rgg的基因敲除突变体,观察其生物学性状,并在动物感染实验中比较敲除株与野生株的毒力差异,为进一步研究猪链球菌转录调控因子在致病中的作用提供实验基础。方法:分别以猪链球菌2型05ZYH33基因组和pSET1质粒为模板,扩增基因SSU05_1997两侧各约500 bp的片段为上下游同源臂,氯霉素(Cm)抗性基因为中间片段,采用重叠PCR方法连接3个片段;连接产物先克隆到T载体上,再经过酶切克隆到温度敏感自杀载体pSET4S上;将构建的基因敲除载体pSET4S-1997电转化入05ZYH33感受态细胞,通过改变培养温度筛选出基因敲除突变体05Z33△rgg;对敲除株和野生株的生物学性状及小鼠和猪的致病性进行了初步比较。结果:PCR分析和测序结果均显示基因SSU05_1997完全被Cm抗性基因所替代,基因敲除突变体构建成功;05ZYH33△rgg对小鼠和猪的致病性与野生株相比无明显差异。结论:转录调控因子Rgg可能和猪链球菌2型的毒力无关。     

猪链球菌2型菌毛骨架蛋白编码基因SSU2101敲除突变株的构建及其生物学功能

利用同源重组基因敲除方法构建猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype2,S.suis2)中国强毒株05ZYH33菌毛骨架蛋白(Backbone protein,BP)编码基因SSU2101敲除突变株。采用引物特异性PCR分析、Southern杂交及RT-PCR等方法鉴定,证实成功构建了BP基因缺失突变株。生物学特性显示,突变株的菌落形态、溶血活性以及染色特性方面与野生株之间均无明显差异。小鼠致病性试验结果显示,突变株的毒力比野生株显著减弱。研究结果提示菌毛在S.suis2感染致病过程中起重要作用,为系统研究S.suis2菌毛分子装配机制及其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).