“非生物因素对鼠妇分布的影响”实验方案的改进

导致"非生物因素对鼠妇分布的影响"实验失误的因素有很多,就实验装置的设计、实验方法的改进及对实验失误的反思等方面进行探讨,寻找提高实验效果的办法。     

例析高考生物学选择题中的命题暗示

以近几年高考选择题为例,讨论选择题的备选项中存在的对正确答案有暗示作用的失误现象．分析产生失误的原因并提出改进建议。     

高中生物实验常见失误及剖析

高中生物实验常见失误及剖析许光武（湖北郧县一中４４２５００）实验一观察植物细胞的有丝分裂学生在做这个实验时常出现的问题有：１压片时,不能把根尖压扁;２．在显微镜下,视野中看到的细胞不分个,都重叠在一起无法找到正在分裂的细胞;３．在视野里找不到生长点细...     

高考生物学科选择题命制的几点建议

以近几年新课程高考生物学科中命制失误的选择题为切入点,提出高考生物学科选择题命制的几点建议。     

临床常规生化检验结果的影响因素分析

目的:探讨临床常规生化检验结果的影响因素,并提出相应的预防对策。方法:回顾性分析2012年2月~2013年2月我院检验科进行的生化常规检测10256例次的检查结果,采用美国BIORAD公司生化定值多项3水平质控品于检测前、中、后进行质控分析,对产生偏差的原因按实验前、实验中、实验后进行归类总结。结果:84例经复核出现超过10%以上偏差,占总分析例数的0.82%。实验前不良事件是产生实验结果偏差的主要因素,占总体产生偏差例数的78.57%,其中患者因素与标本处理不当构成了实验前干扰因素的主体,分别占实验前因素的39.39%和36.36%。不明原因溶血与标本采集方法不当也是实验前的实验干扰因素。实验中影响检测结果的因素主要为仪器故障、试剂过期和失效、定标品或定标曲线过期,分别占实验中因素的46.67%、33.33%、20%。实验后干扰因素均为审核不及时或不细致导致的检测报告不合格。结论:在进行临床常规生化检查的过程中,任何一个环节出现失误均有可能对检查结果造成影响,特别是患者因素、标本采集方法不当及处理不当,均应该引起医护人员的重视。     

初中生物实验教学失误谈

初中生物实验教学失误谈彭忠权（湖南省湘潭教育学院４１１１００）最近几年，我多次随市教委组成的检查组，到一些中小学检查实验教学。按国家教委颁布的标准，从实验室的建设，到仪器的品种和数量，从仪器的管理到实验的开出和效果，都认真细致地进行检查。检查中看到，...     

一则研究性实验教学的探索

研究性实验教学是为了培养学生的独立性、自主性、创造性和实践能力的一种实验教学手段 ,它改变传统的验证性实验的教法 ,不局限于教材中规定的内容 ,可根据需要课内、课外结合 ,拓展一些研究性的范围。研究性实验 ,教师只提出课题 ,或摆出某一事物的现状、困难和问题 ,让学生去设计实验方案 ,分析观察方法 ,提出假设问题 ,记录过程数据 ,归纳结论成果 ,完成实验目标。这样可充分挖掘学生的丰富想象力和创造力的潜能 ,教师在共同参与的前提下 ,只作启发、引导 ,防止不必要的失误 ,绝不包办代替。1　研究性实验课题的提出经常发现学生很喜欢…     

患者投诉与服务补救措施选择及补救效果评价的关联研究

根据患者在遭遇医疗服务失误后是否有投诉行为将其分为投诉和不投诉2类患者。采用关键事件技术法对经历过医疗服务失误的187位患者进行调查,获得了438个关键行为,比较2类患者在期望的补救措施选择方面的差异;然后采用情景模拟实验法,比较这两类患者在服务失误前后、补救前后以及不同补救水平等情况下的满意度与重复就医意愿的差异。     

屏障环境的门禁控制系统的设计与应用

实验动物屏障环境设施在动态运行时是一个封闭的系统,进入的人、动物、饲料、空气、垫料及用品均须进行严格的微生物控制。传递仓、渡槽、风淋室和缓冲间设备上的控制环节缺少必要的门禁自动化控制设备,在日常工作上极容易造成违章操作和失误,该门禁系统可控制设备的开关门程序和时间,并可启动消毒设备,实现门禁控制和消毒灭菌的目的。     

红细胞的几个"例外"特征

中学生物学教学中存在许多“例外”问题,红细胞是典型的例子之一,许多学生由于不能正确掌握红细胞的有关知识,导致在具体解题过程中忽视红细胞的一些“例外”特性造成失误。在高三生物学复习中教师应对“例外”问题构建知识网络,对知识的一般化与特     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.