回生口服液对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血浆纤维蛋白原和血小板水平的影响

目的：研究回生口服液对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血浆纤维蛋白原和血小板水平的影响。方法：选取2011年1月至2013年7月已被收治的112例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者按照知情同意原则随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（52例）两组,治疗组在支持、对症治疗的基础上口服回生口服液治疗,对照组仅给予支持、对症治疗,4周后观察两组患者经两种不同的治疗方案治疗后患者血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平变化。结果：治疗组经给药治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平与治疗前相近,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对照组经治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平较治疗前高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组给药治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：回生口服液可能是通过降低血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板的含量从而改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的血液高凝状态。     

血尿酸水平与急性脑梗死相关性分析

目的探讨血尿酸水平与急性脑梗死发病及预后的关系。方法检测129例急性脑梗死患者与120例健康组的血尿酸水平及相关指标进行比较,分析其相关性。结果急性脑梗死患者血尿酸水平及异常率明显增高,与对照组之间差异存在非常显著性(P0.01),在急性脑梗死患者中,血尿酸异常组高血压、高血糖、高血脂及高纤维蛋白原血症的发生率比正常组明显增高,血尿酸异常组较正常组入院第21天神经功能缺损的程度差异存在非常显著性(P0.01)。结论血尿酸水平与急性脑梗死的发病密切相关,是预后不良的预测因素。     

消化系统肿瘤中纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体的表达及临床价值

目的:探讨血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体在消化系统肿瘤中的表达水平和临床价值。方法:测定215例消化系统常见恶性肿瘤患者及50名健康人员血浆中纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体的含量并进行比较。结果:恶性肿瘤患者血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体增高,与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ+Ⅳ期肿瘤患者纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平明显高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者(P0.05);不同肿瘤类型患者的血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平差异无显著性。结论:纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体检测对消化系统肿瘤的实验室诊断和疾病分期可能具有重要作用。     

降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效及对血浆纤维蛋白原的影响

目的:研究降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效以及对血浆纤维蛋白原的影响。方法:选取2010年4月到2014年6月我院收治的急性脑梗塞患者130例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组65例,两组均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予安慰剂,研究组给予降纤酶,比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分、血浆纤维蛋白原水平以及不良反应。结果:研究组总有效率为95.4%,显著高于对照组的76.9%(P0.05);治疗后研究组神经功能缺损评分与治疗前和对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组血浆纤维蛋白原显著低于治疗前和对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:降纤酶治疗急性脑梗塞具有较好的临床疗效,改善患者的神经功能,降低血浆纤维蛋白原。     

醒脑静注射液对急性脑出血患者FIB和D-二聚体水平的影响

目的:研究醒脑静注射液对急性脑出血患者血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平的影响。方法:选取我院神经内科收治的急性脑出血患者90例,随机分为两组,其中对照组45例,予降低颅内压、控制血压、抗感染、营养脑细胞等常规治疗。实验组45例,在常规治疗的基础上加用醒脑静注射液。对比治疗前后患者血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D1-D)的含量及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组患者病情均有所改善,实验组有效率(91.11%)与对照组(82.22%)比较明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血浆FIB含量较治疗前均明显升高,但实验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组血浆D-D含量明显降低,对照组明显升高,实验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液能够使急性脑出血患者血浆纤维蛋白原含量增加,D-二聚体水平下降,具有良好的临床疗效,值得进一步研究推广。     

拉萨地区血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的：探讨在高原缺氧环境下,研究血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性及临床意义,为高原地区脑梗死的防治提供依据。方法：随机选取西藏自治区人民医院2011年04月-2012年12月入院治疗的急性脑梗死患者166例作为观察组,选择同期就诊的150例健康检查者作为对照组,患者就诊第二日清晨采空腹静脉血送检。血浆同型半胱氨酸水平应用循环酶法测定,分析同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性。结果：观察组患者血浆中同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组,差异显著具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：高原环境下,高同型半胱氨酸血症是脑梗死的独立危险因素,血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可作为脑血管疾病一级预防的常规检查指标,以及对缺血性脑卒中的指导治疗有重要意义。     

拉萨地区血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的:探讨在高原缺氧环境下,研究血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性及临床意义,为高原地区脑梗死的防治提供依据。方法:随机选取西藏自治区人民医院2011年04月-2012年12月入院治疗的急性脑梗死患者166例作为观察组,选择同期就诊的150例健康检查者作为对照组,患者就诊第二日清晨采空腹静脉血送检。血浆同型半胱氨酸水平应用循环酶法测定,分析同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的相关性。结果:观察组患者血浆中同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组,差异显著具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:高原环境下,高同型半胱氨酸血症是脑梗死的独立危险因素,血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可作为脑血管疾病一级预防的常规检查指标,以及对缺血性脑卒中的指导治疗有重要意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的危险因素及与脑梗死的关系

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的危险因素及与脑梗死的关系。方法:选取2013年7月到2014年7月我院收治的脑梗死患者120例(研究组),另选取非脑梗死患者或者健康体检者120例(对照组),对所有入选者实施颈部血管超声检查,并检测其血糖、血浆纤维蛋白原和血脂,比较两组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的数目、部位、颈动脉内径并分析脑梗死危险因素。结果:研究组斑块检出率和斑块数显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);颈总动脉内径显著小于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);斑块存在于颈总动脉者最多,且与脑梗死部位存在同侧相关性(P0.05);研究组年龄、高血压、糖尿病和血脂、纤维蛋白原(FIB)也显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生和脑梗死存在密切关系,年龄、糖尿病、高血压、FIB和血脂均是其危险因素。     

血浆Hcy、FIB及hs-CRP水平与脑梗死严重程度及复发的相关性分析

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与脑梗死严重程度及复发的关系。方法:回顾性分析本院收治的138例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,应用神经功能缺损程度量表对患者脑梗死程度进行评定,监测血浆Hcy、FIB、hs-CRP水平,随访1年,分析以上各指标水平与脑梗死严重程度及复发的关系。结果:轻度、中度和重度脑梗死患者Hcy、FIB及hs-CRP水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);严重程度与Hcy、FIB及hs-CRP水平呈正相关性(r=0.51、0.43、0.39,P0.05);复发者FIB及hs-CRP水平均显著高于未复发者,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血浆Hcy、FIB及hs-CRP水平越高脑梗死越严重,且脑梗死复发患者FIB及hs-CRP的水平显著上升,临床应紧密检测指标,尽早治疗以防止病情进一步恶化。     

高压氧联合依达拉奉、奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的：评价高压氧联合依达拉奉、奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死（ACI）的临床疗效,观察其对患者血液流变学指标与血浆血栓素A2（TXA2）、前列腺素I2（PGI2）水平的影响。方法：86例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组：其中治疗组45例,应用高压氧联合依达拉奉、奥扎格雷钠进行治疗;对照组41例单用奥扎格雷钠,对比分析等两组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分（NHSS）、Barthel指数（BI）和血液流变学指标变化,同时采用放射免疫法检测患者治疗前后血浆TXA2和PGI2含量,最后比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果：①治疗组基本治愈率和总有效率分别为28．89％、91．11％,优于对照组17．07％的基本治疗愈率和80．49％的总有效率（P〈0．01）,两组均无明显不良反应。②经过治疗,患者NHSS评分明显下降,而BI评分明显升高（P〈0．01或0．05）,且治疗组改善程度高于对照组（P〈0．01或0．05）。（3）治疗后,患者各血液流变学指标均明显下降（P〈0．01或0．05）,其中治疗组血小板凝集率、纤维蛋白原水平和血液粘稠度降低幅度大于对照组（P〈0．05）。④经过治疗,两组血浆TXA2水平下降,PGI2水平上升,TXA2／PGI2比值减少（P〈0．01）,其中治疗组变化明显好于对照组（P〈0．01或0．05）。结论：高压氧联合依达拉奉、奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死能减轻脑细胞损伤,改善神经功能障碍,疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.