寄生于大鳍fu的fu鱼鳋的生态研究

fu鱼鳋能在16 ℃以上的适宜水温中繁殖，在25 ℃左右，繁殖快，感染力强；fu鱼鳋的感染有明显的季节变化，这是由外界因素（如水温、水质和水体流速等）的变化以及它的繁殖和感染力的变化所引起的；fu鱼鳋的频数在宿主种群中呈负二项分布；fu鱼鳋的感染可能引起大鳍fu产生抵抗力，抵抗力的强度随感染次数和感染强度增加而增强；在天然条件下，影响fu鱼鳋种群消长的主要因素是非密度制约因素和大鳍fu的免疫反应。     

寄生于大鳍Hu的Hu鱼鳋的生态研究

Hu鱼鳋能在16度以上的适宜水温中繁殖,在25度左右,繁殖快,感染力强;Hu鱼鳋的感染有明显的季节变化,这是由外界因素（如水温,水质和水体流速等）的变化以及它的繁殖和感染力的变化所引起的;Hu鱼鳋的频数在宿主种群中呈负二项分布;Hu鱼鳋的感染可能引起大鳍Hu产生的抵抗力,抵抗力的强度随感染次数和感染强度增加而增强;在天然条件下,影响Hu鱼鳋种群消长的主要因素是非密度制约因素和大鳍Hu的免疫反应。     

对鲇鱼鳃部寄生的固着鳋的生态研究

作者研究了江西江口水库鲇鳃部寄生固着鳋的种群生态学及其对寄生部位的选择性。固着鳋的感染率和丰盛度表现出明显的季节变化,以夏初最高;其繁殖也具有季节性,怀卵个体的比例同样有夏初最高。固着鳋对寄生部位的选择性似乎与种群的数量有关,当种群数量高时更多的固着鳋分布于中间的鳃片上,对多种寄生虫同时寄生条件下固着鳋寄生部位选择性的研究,将有助于进一步了解固着鳋和寄生鲇鳃部其它种类的寄生虫之间的关系。     

嘉陵江大鳍鳠和瓦氏黄颡鱼血液学指标的研究

研究了大鳍鳠和瓦氏黄颡鱼血液学指标的季节变化及种间差异,旨在为探讨三峡工程所引起的环境变化,对两种鱼所产生的生理生态学影响提供基础资料。于2002年9月至2003年6月期间,分春、夏、秋和冬4个季节在嘉陵江水土镇以下江段共采集大鳍鳠111尾,瓦氏黄颡鱼124尾。测定了这两种鱼的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、血清葡萄糖浓度、血清甘油三酯浓度和血清总蛋白浓度等6项血液学指标。结果表明,两种鱼的多项血液学指标均存在显著的季节间差异,血液指标的变化趋势并不是随水温的升高而升高。繁殖期两种鱼的血清甘油三酯浓度均显著降低。两种鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度存在种间差异,瓦氏黄颡鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度均显著高于大鳍鳠。     

大鳍鳠鱼体能量密度及其预测模型

于2000年11月至2001年10月由嘉陵江收集野生大鳍鳠成鱼100尾,其中冬季(12月)、春季(3月)、繁殖前(6月)、繁殖后(8月)、秋季(10月)雌雄各10尾。测定了这10个样本的鱼体能量密度及生化组成。统计分析结果表明：鱼体各生化成分含量,能量密度的性别间差异在各个季度均不显。在雌性群体中,秋季样本的蛋白质含量(16．23％),脂肪含量(5．84％),干物质含量(26．67％)和能量密度(6．14kJ／g)显高于其余各样本的相应指标。春季样本中鱼体脂肪含量和能量密度最低(2．39％,4．55kJ／g)。在雄性群体中,秋季样本的蛋白质含量(16．34％)与能量密度(5．85kJ／g)最高;春季样本中脂肪含量(1．3l％)、干物质含量(22．49％)、能量密度(4．16k．J／g)最低。各样本能量密度均分别与干物质和脂肪含量呈显的直线相关关系。通过协方差分析,将雌性群体中冬季、春季、秋季以及繁殖后样本共4个样本的能量密度与干物质含量的公共回归方程作为以干物质含量(D)预测大鳍鳠雌性群体在非繁殖期能量密度(E)的预测模型：E=-5．573 0．437D;将繁殖前雌性样本的能量密度与干物质含量的回归方程作为预测大鳍鳠雌性群体在繁殖期的能量密度的预测模型：E=-0．605 0．250D;将冬季、春季、秋季以及繁殖后雄性4个样本的能量密度与干物质含量的公共回归方程作为预测大鳍鳠雄性群体在非繁殖期的能量密度的预测模型：E=-6．046 0．456D;将繁殖前雄性样本的能量密度与干物质含量回归方程作为预测大鳍鳠雄性群体在繁殖期的能量密度的预测模型：E=-3．64 0．366D。     

四川省淡水鱼的寄生鳋类一新种：（剑水蚤目：鳋科）

本文采自喜陵和涪江中的大鳍鳗Ｈｅｍｉｂａｇｒｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ Ｂｌｅｅｋｅｒ鳃上的寄生鳋类一新种：鳗鱼鳋Ｅｒｇａｓｉｌｕｓ ｈｅｍｉｂａｇｒｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,并与相似种掘凿鳋Ｅｒｇａｓｉｌｕｓ ｓａｌａｒｉｓ Ｍａｒｋ,１９４０、鱼鳋Ｅｒｇａｓｉｌｕｓ ｌｅｉｏｃａｓｓｉ Ｘｕ,１９８７和ｐｅｉ鳋Ｅｒｇａｓｉｌｕｓ ｂａｇａｒｉｉ Ｋｕａｎｇ,１９８３进行了比较。     

洪泽湖鱼类寄生甲壳动物区系调查及一新种的记述

1979年秋对江苏省洪泽湖鱼类寄生甲壳动物的调查研究结果,共得18种寄生甲壳动物,其中包括一个新种。分析了该湖寄生甲壳动物的区系组成、繁殖季节及种类分布的情况,同时还根据虫体感染率和感染强度,提出了对鱼类危害性较大的中华鳋和多态锚头鳋,在洪泽湖中不可能出现严重感染的见解。       

球虫感染与捕食对根田鼠繁殖性能的影响

在自然界,捕食者和寄生物是两种主要的种群外部调节因子,二者的交互作用会对猎物和宿主种群波动产生深远影响。较低的球虫感染强度与捕食对根田鼠（Alexandromys oeconomus）繁殖无显著的交互作用。自然界球虫感染存在季节性变化,秋季感染强度最高。为了探究较高感染强度下,球虫与捕食对根田鼠繁殖的主效应及交互作用,本研究采用2×2析因实验设计,在野外围栏中测定了根田鼠种群肠道内寄生物的感染率和感染强度、雄性睾丸指数、睾酮水平、精子密度、精子活力以及雌性卵巢指数。结果表明,较高的感染强度下,球虫能显著抑制根田鼠的繁殖性能,但球虫感染与捕食对根田鼠的繁殖无显著的交互作用,这可能与球虫感染和捕食效应在时间上的错配有关。本研究认为,球虫感染对繁殖期小哺乳动物种群的调节作用虽有限,但其可通过与捕食者的耦合来降低宿主越冬时的存活率,进而影响宿主种群波动。     

马口鱼和宽鳍(鱼巤)鳃上发现寄生桡足类一新种(杯口水蚤目,鳋科)(英文)

在湖北省丹江口水库的马口鱼和宽鳍(鱼巤)的鳃上发现的寄生桡足类1新种丹江鳋。形态观察的结果表明,丹江鳋与鳋属的其他种类有很多共同特征,尤其是与博氏鳋和膨大鳋。与其它所有鳋属种类不同的是丹江鳋的第2触肢内缘光滑无刺,及其楔形第2节的外缘呈明显的弧状。以核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)为标记进行系统进化分析,结果表明,与膨大鳋相比,博氏鳋与丹江鳋的亲缘关系更近些。无论是形态还是系统进化分析的结果都支持丹江鳋为鳋属1个独立的新种。     

丹江口水库三种鲤科鱼类寄生木村小棘吻虫的季节动态

作者于2004年2月至2005年2月调查了丹江口水库木村小棘吻虫Micracanthornhynchina motomurai(Harada,1935)感染三种小型经济鲤科鱼类--马口鱼(Opsariichthys uncirostris)、宽鳍(鱼鼠)(Zacco platypus)和油(粲鱼)(Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri)的季节动态情况.在感染率和感染丰度方面,寄生于马口鱼和油(鱼鼠)的木村小棘吻虫呈现出显著的季节变化:秋冬季节感染率和感染丰度都比较高,而春夏季节比较低;与此不同的是,寄生于宽鳍(鱼鼠)中的木村小棘吻虫则全年都维持着较稳定的感染水平;木村小棘吻虫种群在三种宿主体内的总体感染丰度差异显著,但都呈聚集分布,三者的方均比与感染率和感染丰度之间无显著相关关系.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.