阻断犬冠脉后冠状静脉血液中影响血小板功能变化的因素分析

本研究用14只麻醉开胸犬,分析了阻断冠脉后缺血心肌局部静脉血液中血小板功能变化与体液因素改变的关系。结果表明,心肌缺血时,血小板聚集率(PAgR)明显增大,并伴有TXB_2含量增高、TXB,/6-酮-PGF_(1a)比值增大和血小板计数(PC)减少。此外,随缺血时间延长,全血粘度、红细胞压积(HCT)和红细胞计数(EC)增高,而白细胞计数(NC)、Po_2和pH降低。缺血60min时,将红细胞聚集率与有关参数的百分变化率进行相关分析的结果表明,在PAgR与TXB_2、NC和Po_2之间呈明显正相关(分别为r=0.887,P<0.01;r=0.757,P<0.05;r=0.758,P<0.05),另外在EC和6-酮-PGF_(1a)之间也有正相关关系(r=0.856,P<0.01)。这些结果提示,阻断冠脉后发生的前列腺素、血液粘度、红、白细胞以及缺氧和酸中毒等异常变化,均具有一定的致血小板功能改变的作用。     

大鼠免疫性血小板减少模型的研究

采用注射兔抗大鼠血小板血清（ＡＰＳ）方法,建立了大鼠免疫性血小板减少模型。大鼠腹腔注射１：４稀释的ＡＰＳ（０．７ｍｌ／２００ｇ体重）,连续３ｄ,可使血小板数量显著降低,其降低率为８１±９％（ｎ＝１２）,且其骨随巨核细胞增生活跃,但注射ＡＰＳ后对血中红细胞数和白细胞数无明显影响．在注射ＡＰＳ的同时,给予大鼠灌胃强的松（１ｍｇ／２００ｇ体重）,可抑制ＡＰＳ所致的血小板减少的下降程度,并促进停止注射ＡＰＳ后血小板数的恢复。以上结果表明,该模型符合免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的病理特征。     

一种Vc二步发酵伴生菌的筛选方法

采用发酵种液离心法对Vc二步发酵伴生菌筛选方法进行研究。将发酵12h的发酵液4000r／min离心l0min,取上清液以20％的接种量接入种子发酵液中（30ml／250m1）,再接入1／20环大菌,29℃振荡（180r／min）培养24h,将发好种液以15％接种量转接摇瓶发酵（20ml/250ml）,29℃振荡（180r／min）培养,待残糖降至lmg/ml以下测酸。摇瓶发酵结果表明,此方法易操作、效率高,可应用于伴生菌筛选的初筛过程中。     

纯化超氧化物歧化酶的新工艺

为探索简便实用纯化ＳＯＤ的工艺路线,以人或猪血红细胞溶血上清液,经铜胺中空纤维透析器（分子量截留值为１５ｋＤ）透析和超滤,收集分子量大于１５．０ｋＤ的物质,再加热６０℃１０ｍｉｎ,离心取上清即得。Ｃｕ、ＺｎＳＯＤ和ＭｎＳＯＤ分子量分别为３２．０ｋＤ和８０．０ｋＤ。人血和猪血纯化的ＳＯＤ总收率分别为８８．２％和８９．２％,比活性分别为１７４２９Ｕ／ｍｇ和１８２２８Ｕ／ｍｇ。工艺简便实用,适于工业纯化生产。     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的悬浮适应及代谢特征

目的：通过悬浮适应,使中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）获得悬浮生长的特性,并可在悬浮培养条件下较快地生长。方法：将CHO细胞以3×10^5／mL接种于100mL的三角瓶内,培养时加入1％小牛血清、1g/LPIuronic F-68、25μg／mL硫酸葡聚糖,培养体积35mL,摇床转速90r／min,每24h离心换液,当细胞增殖为2×10^6／mL时传代。结果：经过悬浮适应,细胞的平均比生长速率由适应最初的0．27／d提高为适应后的0．48／d,最大总细胞密度由适应初期的2．5×10^6／mL提高为适应后的6．3×10^6／mL,目的蛋白活性也由适应前的2781U／mL提高为适应后的8878U／mL,适应后细胞的葡萄糖平均比消耗率为1．42μmol／（10^6细胞·d）,低于适应前的2．16μmol／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：贴壁生长的CHO细胞经过悬浮适应,不仅可以在悬浮培养条件下快速生长,而且细胞对葡萄糖的利用率也得到提高。     

发酵法生产L-异亮氨酸的溶氧控制策略

研究了溶氧对Brewibacterium lactofermentation分批发酵生产L-异亮氨酸（Ile）的影响,提出了前10h恒700d/min以维持溶氧在35％以上,10h后调至600r／min以维持溶氧在15％～20％的两阶段供氧控制模式。与对照相比,获得了较高的产率（0．094g／g）和糖耗速度（4．76/L·h）,在较短时间内（52h）获得较高的Ile产量（23．3g／L）,比结果最好的单一搅拌转速（600r/min）提高11．6％。生产强度（0．448d/L·h）比恒定搅拌转速（500、600、700、800r/min）控制下的过程分别提高了83．6％、28．7％、44．9％、35．7％。最后采用代谢通量分析对该结果产生的原因进行了定量解释。     

青枯菌HPLC分析中样品制备方法的优化

本文研究了青枯菌细胞的制备方法对细胞生命活力和表面特性的影响。结果表明,在高效离子交换色谱分析（HPLC）中,采用5000×g离心10min收集菌体细胞、超纯水（＞16MΩ）悬浮和洗涤青枯菌、重复洗涤二次的制备方法,既可以避免培养基成分造成的干扰,又可以保持青枯菌细胞的生命活力和细胞表面的原有性质。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

不同全血过滤方法用于去白细胞血液制备的临床对照研究

目的:观察不同全血过滤方法用于去白细胞血液制备的效果。方法:采用两种全血过滤方法进行对比研究,对照组采用常规法,将采集后全血混匀后直接与白细胞滤器连接直接过滤;实验组采用湿润滤盘法,血液采集完成混匀后静置,先用上层血清10～20 m L湿润滤盘,再混匀与白细胞滤器连接后进行过滤。比较两组制备方法所用的过滤时间、血液回收率、过滤前后血液指标情况及24小时内溶血的发生情况。结果:两组全血过滤方法过滤前后白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板及血浆游离血红蛋白水平比较差异均无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。而实验组过滤时间短于对照组,血液回收率高于对照组,且24小时内溶血比例明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:常规法与湿润滤盘法均能达到去白细胞血液标准,但湿润滤盘法较常规法能有效的降低过滤时间、增加血液回收率,减少去白细胞悬浮红细胞因溶血造成的血液不合格率,值得临床推广应用。     

杆菌JSM1601发酵产核酸的研究

确定了杆菌（Brevibacterium ammoniagenes）JMS1601发酵产核酸的最佳发酵培养基：葡萄糖12％,酵母浸膏1．5％,磷酸二氢钾0．3％。最佳摇瓶培养条件：温度32℃,摇床转速160r／min,接种量（v／v）5％,装液量100ml／500ml。     

血浆是引起血沉增快的主要因素

目的：阐明血沉增快的原因是血浆还是红细胞。方法：收集72例血沉异常的抗凝血标本,同时收集血型相对应的72例血沉正常标本,组成血型相同的血沉异常和正常标本72对,每对互换血浆后重新测定血沉,与原始血沉结果比较,并通过多元线性回归分析血沉与血浆蛋白及血脂浓度的关系。结果：血沉异常标本的红细胞加入血沉正常标本的血浆后,72例（100%）血沉均减慢,其中30例血沉下降90%以上,35例下降70%-90%,7例小于70%。血沉正常标本的红细胞加入血沉异常标本的血浆后,67例（93%）血沉加快,其中58例（81%）变为异常（18例血沉加快10倍以上,40例加快5-10倍）。球蛋白、白蛋白和纤维蛋白原与血沉具有线性关系,球蛋白（r=0.420,P〈0.001）和纤维蛋白原（r=0.673,P〈0.001）与血沉呈正相关,而白蛋白（r=-0.558,P〈0.001）与血沉呈负相关。结论：血沉增快主要与血浆因素相关,红细胞对于血沉的影响作用很小。     

Cryopreservation of human granulocytes.

Granulocyte preservation was undertaken using hydroxyethylstarch for both sedimentation of red cells and cryopreservation of buffy coat white cells from CPD whole blood. Buffy coats were mixed with HES to a final concentration of 4% (w/v) and hematocrit of 30%, and sedimented in inverted plastic syringes. The leukocyte enriched (100–500×) supernatant was frozen at 2.0 °C/min to ?80 °C (and stored frozen up to 3 months). Alternatively, sedimented leukocytes were frozen after a slow addition of 10% DMSO to 5%. Tubes were thawed at 37 °C, and DMSO was removed by dilution with Hank's solution containing CPD and centrifugation. The pellets of granulocytes were resuspended in Normosol.Buffy coat from 10 units yielded 60 ± 9.7% of the available whole blood leukocytes, of which 43 ± 14% were recovered after sedimentation in HES. Freezing in DMSO yielded all, 101% of the prefrozen leukocytes. Postthawed viability of granulocytes was estimated morphologically and by their ability to inhibit the rate of growth of E. coli. Complete inhibition was observed at a ratio of one E. coli to one granulocyte. Postthawed granulocytes were characterized by high myeloperoxidase activity and exclusion of trypan blue. Approximately 25% of the total available granulocytes in CPD whole blood were recovered.     

大鼠力竭运动诱导的氧化应激损伤对红细胞变形性的影响

目的:探讨一次性力竭运动诱导的氧化应激反应对大鼠红细胞的抗氧化能力和细胞变形性的影响。方法:大鼠分为3组(n=10):对照组(Control)、适度运动组(MRE)和力竭运动组(ERE)。力竭运动组大鼠运动的前20 min保持5%的坡度和20 m/min的速度,20 min后调整为15%的坡度和25 m/min的速度,直至运动力竭。适度运动组大鼠在5%的坡度和20 m/min的速度下跑40 min。检测各组大鼠红细胞的抗氧化能力,并对氧化应激反应诱导的红细胞膜蛋白巯基水平、膜脂质过氧化水平和膜蛋白SDS-Page电泳条带变化进行了分析。通过激光衍射法对不同运动组大鼠红细胞变形性进行了检测。结果:力竭运动条件下大鼠红细胞受到严重的氧化应激损伤,红细胞内抗氧化能力下降。导致膜脂质过氧化损伤和膜蛋白巯基交联为主的蛋白聚簇化,形成高分子聚合物(HMW)。力竭组大鼠红细胞变形性(0.314±0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534±0.009 at 30 Pa)显著低于对照组(0.41±0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571±0.008 at 30 Pa;P0.05 and P0.01,respectively)和适度运动组。结论:力竭运动诱导的氧化损伤导致了红细胞变形能力(EI)的显著下降,使红细胞在微循环的转运受到限制,导致组织缺血缺氧进而引起休克、死亡等运动性疾病。     

Cryopreservation of vascular endothelial cells as isolated cells and as monolayers

This paper reports the cryopreservation of an immortalized human endothelial cell line (ECV304), either as a single cell suspension or as a confluent layer on microcarrier beads. Cell suspensions were exposed to 10% w/w dimethyl sulfoxide in a high-potassium solution (CPTes) at 0 degrees C. The cells were then cooled to -60 degrees C at controlled rates between 0.3 and 500 degrees C/min and stored below -180 degrees C. Samples were thawed in a 37 degrees C water bath and the cryoprotectant was removed by serial dilution at 22 degrees C over 6 min. The recovery of cell suspensions was assayed by culturing aliquots in 24-well plates for 7-9 days and counting the number of colonies that contained >25 cells. Maximum survival was 45-50% at cooling rates of 0.3, 1.0, and 10 degrees C/min, but decreased to 20% at 50 degrees C/min and to <1% at 500 degrees C/min. Biosilon microcarrier beads were used for the attached cells. Confluent beads were cryopreserved by exactly the same technique and cell function was assayed by measuring active amino acid (leucine) transport at 37 degrees C. Control, untreated confluent beads gave approximately 73% of control uptake and negative controls (frozen without cryoprotectant) gave approximately 4% uptake. The cells attached to beads showed percentage uptakes that were numerically similar to the survival of cells in suspension at cooling rates between 10 and 500 degrees C/min, but at lower cooling rates the recovery of attached cells increased to 70% at 1 degrees C/min and to 85% at 0.3 degrees C/min. These results indicate a marked difference in the effect of cooling rate on ECV304 cells depending upon attachment.     

Platelet Adhesiveness after Blood Donation

Platelet adhesiveness to glass was measured in healthy blood donors at the time of and eight days after donating 500 ml of blood. By a whole blood method a highly significant increase was found whereas by a method using platelet-rich plasma with added adenosine diphosphate there was only a slightly significant increase. The discrepancy suggested that changes in the red cell population might influence the results. Packed red cells from 19 blood donors obtained at the time of donation and eight days later were mixed with fresh pooled platelets from the same independent persons on each occasion. The whole blood platelet adhesiveness on this mixture showed an increase in every case after blood donation. It is postulated that the increased adhesiveness is influenced by the presence of young red cells.     

Preparation of leukocyte-poor erythrocyte concentrates by glycerin treatment and washing

The discontinuous washing procedure of red cell concentrates with saline was modified in order to improve the removal of leucocytes and platelets. It was achieved by glycerolization and deglycerolization without freezing and thawing. The elimination rate of leucocytes amounted to 99.9% and of platelets to 97.4% related to whole blood. A unit of red cell concentrate prepared from 400 ml of donated blood contained a total of (0.001 +/- 0.003) X 10(9) leucocytes and (2.35 +/- 1.33) X 10(9) platelets. The relatively high elimination rates are comparable with those obtained by filtration and cryopreservation, respectively. The whole procedure performed in glass bottles required one hour more than washing three times without glycerolization. A further improvement of the procedure should be directed towards saving time in processing and towards lowering the loss of red cells that is still 20%.     

蟾蜍红细胞融合条件的正交设计优化

目的：用聚乙二醇法探讨蟾蜍红细胞融合的最佳条件。方法：采用3因素3水平的正交实验法,以蟾蜍红细胞为材料,从聚乙二醇浓度、反应时间、反应温度三方面计算细胞融合率,探讨和比较蟾蜍红细胞融合的最适条件及影响因素。结果：蟾蜍红细胞融合的最佳条件是：选用50%的聚乙二醇,反应温度为37℃,反应时间为15min。     

不同降温速率对脐血干细胞冷冻复苏后生物学特性的影响

考察了不同降温速率对脐血造血干细胞各种生物学特性的影响。在4℃～-40℃的降温范围内,分别选择-0.5℃/min, -1℃/min, -5℃/min的降温速率进行降温,对复苏后的脐血单个核细胞的回收率、活性和CD34+含量的变化以及BFU-E、CFUGM和CFU-MK集落的回收率进行了考察,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下,脐血MNC回收率可达93.3%±1.8%,活性可达95.0%±3.9%, CD34^＋细胞回收率达80.0%±17.9%,BFUE回收率为87.1%±5.5%,CFUGM回收率达88.5%±8.9%,CFUMK的回收率也达到86.2%±7.4%。并且对复苏后的细胞进一步进行体外培养,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下复苏的细胞仍然具有与未经冷冻细胞相似的扩增能力,而-0.5℃/min和-5℃/min这两种降温速率条件下复苏的细胞与未经冷冻的细胞相比差距较大。因而-1℃/min的降温速率对冻存脐血干细胞比较合适。     

Improved flow cytometric method to enumerate residual cells: minimal linear detection limits for platelets,erythrocytes, and leukocytes

Increasing demand for quality control of blood products requires more sensitive methods to enumerate residual cells. Presently, the reported threshold (in cells per microliter) is 400 for red blood cells, 30-500 for platelets, and 1 for leukocytes. To examine precision and linearity in enumerating residual platelets and red blood cells, EDTA-anticoagulated blood from healthy donors was serially diluted with serum, stained in TruCount tubes using a no-lyse/no-wash procedure and a monoclonal antibody cocktail against the CD42a (FL1) and glycophorin-A (FL2) epitopes, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Leukocyte counts were determined in separate tubes. Cell preparation and analysis were performed once for 20 blood samples each and 20 times using the same specimen. Acquisition from the same tube was performed separately for platelets (threshold on FL1) and red blood cells (threshold on FL2). Multiparameter analysis was used for data evaluation. Linear results were obtained for platelets per microliter between 3,410 and 5 and for red blood cells per microliter between 54,000 and 3. For the lower cell concentrations, the coefficient of variation was 16.7% for platelets and 10.9% for red blood cells. The presented method allows the distinction between physiologically intact and ghost red blood cells. The method represents a reliable, sensitive, and accurate approach to quantify platelets and red blood cells in diluted blood. It can be applied to enumerate residual cells in plasma products and meets the increasing demand for quality control in blood components.