蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤t-PA、PAI-1和AT-Ⅲ的影响

目的研究蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的机制。方法根据前期实验复制竹叶青蛇伤的动物及细胞模型,均设置空白组(KB),模型组(MX),低、中、高剂量蛇伤胶囊药液组(DY、ZY、GY),共5组,每组10个样本。在动物实验中,KB组经兔右后腿皮下注射0.75ml/kg生理盐水,6h后灌胃10ml/kg生理盐水。MX、DY、ZY和GY组经兔右后腿皮下注射0.75ml/kg竹叶青蛇毒液,6h后分别灌胃10ml/kg生理盐水和10ml/kg低、中、高剂量蛇伤胶囊药液。各组均每日灌胃1次,连续灌胃1周。于末次灌胃后24h经耳缘静脉采血,分离血清。在细胞实验中,KB组加入10%正常兔血清培养,MX组在KB组的基础上加入5μg/ml竹叶青蛇毒液培养,DY、ZY、GY组在MX组基础上培养6h后分别加入5%、10%、15%的含中药兔血清继续培养,各组分别培养72h后,收集细胞培养液。以酶联免疫吸附法检测兔血清及细胞培养液中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)和抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(Antithrombin-Ⅲ,AT-Ⅲ)水平。结果 MX组的AT-Ⅲ和t-PA水平相对KB组均显著升高(P0.01),PAI-1水平较KB组显著降低(细胞实验中,P0.05;动物实验中,P0.01);DY、ZY和GY组的AT-Ⅲ及t-PA水平相对MX组均明显降低(动物实验:ZY组t-PA和DY组AT-Ⅲ,均P0.05;细胞实验:ZY组AT-Ⅲ,P0.05;其余均P0.01),DY、ZY和GY组的PAI-1水平较MX组明显升高(P0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊具有促凝和抗纤溶、改善机体凝血功能的作用,是蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的部分机制。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤凝血因子FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa的影响

目的研究蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的机制。方法选取新西兰大白兔20只,随机分为中药组和空白组各10只,分别以696mg·kg-1·d-1蛇伤胶囊药液和生理盐水灌胃,每天2次,连续5天,末次灌胃2h后心脏采血,常规方法制备含药血清和空白血清。采用噻唑蓝法对竹叶青蛇毒进行细胞毒性试验,确定蛇毒干预浓度为5μg/ml。人脐静脉血管内皮细胞常规培养、传代后,随机分为空白组(KB组),模型组(MX组),低、中、高剂量含药血清组(DY组、ZY组、GY组),每组10个样本。KB组加入10%正常兔血清培养,MX组在KB组的基础上加入5μg/ml竹叶青蛇毒液培养,DY组、ZY组、GY组在MX组基础上培养6h后分别加入5%、10%、15%的含中药兔血清继续培养。各组分别培养72h后,收集细胞培养液,以酶联免疫吸附法检测FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa水平。结果 MX组的FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa水平相对KB组显著下降(均P0.05,其中FVa和FXa的P值0.01);DY组、ZY组、GY组的FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa水平相对MX组均出现不同程度的升高,其中ZY组升高效果显著(均P0.05,其中FVa和FXa的P值0.01)。结论竹叶青蛇毒损伤血管内皮细胞导致凝血因子FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa水平下降,蛇伤胶囊可以升高血管内皮细胞凝血因子FVa、FⅧa、FIXa、FXa水平,对竹叶青蛇伤引起的凝血障碍有显著治疗作用。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤血管内皮细胞TM/PC系统的影响

目的研究蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的机制。方法选取新西兰大白兔20只,随机分为中药组和空白组,每组10只,分别以696mg·kg-1·d-1蛇伤胶囊药液和生理盐水灌胃,每天2次,连续5天,末次灌胃2h后心脏采血,常规方法制备含药血清和空白血清。采用噻唑蓝法对竹叶青蛇毒进行细胞毒性试验,确定蛇毒干预浓度为5μg/ml。人脐静脉血管内皮细胞常规培养、传代后,随机分为空白组(KB组),模型组(MX组),低、中、高剂量含药血清组(DY组、ZY组、GY组)5组,每组10个样本。KB组加入10%正常兔血清培养,MX组在KB组的基础上加入5μg/ml竹叶青蛇毒液培养,DY组、ZY组、GY组在MX基础上培养6h后分别加入5%、10%、15%的含中药兔血清继续培养。各组分别培养72h后收集细胞培养液,以酶联免疫吸附法检测TM、T-TM、APC、EPCR、PS水平。结果 MX组的TM、T-TM、APC、EPCR、PS水平相对KB组均显著升高(均P0.05,其中T-TM、EPCR和PS的P值0.01);DY组、ZY组、GY组的TM、T-TM、APC、EPCR、PS水平相对MX组均出现不同程度的降低,其中ZY组降低效果显著(均P0.05,其中T-TM和EPCR的P值0.01)。结论竹叶青蛇毒可造成血管内皮细胞损伤,增加机体出血风险;蛇伤胶囊可通过作用血管内皮细胞TM/PC系统改善机体的凝血功能,是治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的部分机制。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤患者t-PA、PAI-1、TAT及SFMC的影响

目的研究中药蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤患者凝血障碍的机制。方法将40例竹叶青蛇咬伤患者随机分为两组,均给予常规治疗,如伤口消毒清创处理,肌注破伤风抗毒素1500u,常规使用抗生素,给予地塞米松10mg、奥美拉唑40mg。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予口服季德胜蛇药10片,每天3次;治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予口服蛇伤胶囊5片,每天3次。检测治疗前及治疗后1周各组患者血浆中t-PA、PAI-1、TAT及SFMC水平。结果两组患者治疗前t-PA、PAI-1、SFMC、TAT值无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者t-PA、SFMC值均降低,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);PAI、TAT值均升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者的t-PA、PAI、SFMC、TAT差值比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论蛇伤胶囊和季德胜蛇药对竹叶青蛇咬伤均有显著疗效,两种蛇药可能通过促进凝血酶的生成、增强凝血酶的活性,同时抑制纤溶系统而发挥止血作用。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤患者血小板及凝血时间的影响

目的研究中药蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤患者凝血障碍的机制。方法将70例竹叶青蛇伤(均符合火毒证诊断标准)患者按SPSS统计软件产生随机数分为治疗组和对照组各35例。两组基础治疗方法均为伤口消毒处理,肌注破伤风抗毒素1500u,使用常规量抗生素,给予地塞米松10mg、奥美拉唑40mg等。对照组在基础治疗上口服季德胜蛇药片10片,每天3次;治疗组在基础治疗上口服蛇伤胶囊5粒,每天3次。两组疗程均为1周。观察两组治疗前后血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。结果治疗前,两组TT、PT、APTT、FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后,治疗组FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW升高值(差值)高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),而且治疗组TT、PT、APTT下降值(差值)高于对照组(P0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊具有减少凝血因子消耗、抗纤溶、改善血小板及其止血功能而治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的作用。     

中西医结合治疗326例竹叶青蛇伤患者的疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗竹叶青蛇咬伤的疗效。方法对326例竹叶青蛇伤患者采用口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗。结果 326例中,治愈293例（占89.88%）,显效28例（占8.59%）,有效3例（占0.92%）,无效2例（占0.61%）,总有效率99.39%。结论口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗能提高治愈率,是救治竹叶青蛇伤有效的方法。     

竹叶青蛇伤的治疗策略研究

目的探讨竹叶青蛇伤后的救治策略,为毒蛇咬伤程序化急诊急救方案提供依据。方法选择55例竹叶青蛇咬伤患者的资料进行分析临床及治疗措施。结果 55例竹叶青蛇咬伤患者按临床分型,血液学变化有统计学意义(P0.01),其中血小板(PLT)、白细胞(WBC)各型比较均有统计学意义(P0.05);竹叶青蛇伤致血液功能障碍主要表现为PLT、纤维蛋白原(Fg)降低,凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、D-二聚体(DD)和凝血酶时间(TT)延长,甚至出现类DIC。本组危重型患者全部出现类DIC,轻型患者在应用抗蛇毒血清与血液学恢复时间上无统计学意义(P0.05);2例患者在院外行伤口切开排毒出现出血不止,1例在院外诊为"DIC"行肝素抗凝治疗而出现消化道及伤口出血不止。经规范化治疗全部患者均治愈出院。结论按毒蛇伤程序化急诊急救方案治疗竹叶青蛇伤,禁止伤口切开排毒;对重及危重型病例应用同亚科五步蛇、蝮蛇的抗蛇毒血清治疗;对于轻型患者可暂时不用抗蛇毒血清,但应留观,动态观察血液学变化情况;出现类DIC不行抗凝治疗,而是止血、抗纤溶治疗。     

广西1990年蛇伤流行病学研究

为摸清广西1990年蛇伤发病情况,对广西东、南、西、北、中的5市16个县的13家医院以及18个乡进行了蛇伤流行病学调查。蛇伤人数为993例,其中男性732例(73.7%),女性261例(26.3%),死亡率为2.7%,致残或留有后遗症者73例(7.4%).致伤蛇种按发生率依次为眼镜蛇(30.5%)、竹叶青(20.2%)、烙铁头(13.3%)、银环蛇(11.6%)、五步蛇(6.9%)、蝰蛇(4.9%)、金环蛇(2.9%)、眼镜王蛇(1.4%)、海蛇(0.7%)、以及白头蝰(0.3%)。致死率最高为银环蛇和眼镜王蛇,在27例死亡病例中分别占33.3%和29.6%。经推算结果广西每年有蛇伤3万余例,其中死亡一千多例.伤者绝大多数为青壮年,其中多数是农民,越是偏僻的山区,发病率越高.调查结果提示如何在农村建立有效的蛇伤防治网络,推广使用抗蛇毒血清是摆在我们面前的一大课题。     

竹叶青蛇伤血液变化特点及处理

目的　评价竹叶青蛇伤后血液变化特点 ,总结处理方法。　方法　对被诊断为竹叶青蛇伤的 42例患者作前瞻性血液系统功能检查。　结果　 8例血小板低于正常 ,最低 1 0× 1 0 9/L,纤维蛋白原 (1 .66± 0 .5 9) g/L(P <0 .0 1 ) ,其中 3例降低至测不出 ,PT活性 (61 .66± 8.61 ) % ,凝血酶原时间 (3 0 .2 3±9.3 8) s(P <0 .0 5 ) ,PT比率 (2 .5 3± 0 .96) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,部分凝血活酶时间 (5 1 .92± 2 1 .63 ) s(P<0 .0 5 ) ,PTT比率 (1 .2 5± 0 .2 8) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,凝血酶时间 (4 0 .1 7± 1 2 .42 ) s(P <0 .0 5 ) ;8例 3 P试验阳性 ,7例D-二聚体阳性。　结论　竹叶青蛇伤血液变化普遍呈纤维蛋白原下降 ,凝血功能下降。血小板减少程度可帮助判断病情危重。     

弥漫性轴索损伤患者血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年12月-2018年1月我院神经外科收治的DAI患者90例作为观察组,另选取在我院体检的健康志愿者30例作为对照组,并根据格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)将观察组患者分为重度组(42例)、中度组(30例)、轻度组(18例)。对比观察组和对照组血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平,比较观察组患者不同严重程度、伤后不同时间血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平。结果:观察组患者血清中的MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。重度组患者血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平显著高于中度组和轻度组,且中度组显著高于轻度组(P0.05)。伤后不同时间观察组患者血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平整体比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);其中MBP水平在伤后前期到伤后3d持续升高(P0.05);IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α水平在伤后前期到伤后2d持续升高,在伤后3d呈下降趋势(P0.05)。结论:DAI患者血清MBP、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平偏高,临床通过检测这四种血清指标水平,有助于评估患者的病情。     

Curcumin-mediated oxidative stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans is modulated by age-1, akt-1, pdk-1, osr-1, unc-43, sek-1, skn-1, sir-2.1, and mev-1

Abstract

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pharmacologically active substance derived from turmeric, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties. We examined the modulation of oxidative-stress resistance and associated regulatory mechanisms by curcumin in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results showed that curcumin-treated wild-type C. elegans exhibited increased survival during juglone-induced oxidative stress compared with the control treatment. In addition, curcumin reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. elegans. Moreover, curcumin induced the expression of the gst-4 and hsp-16.2 stress response genes. Lastly, our findings from the mechanistic study in this investigation suggest that the antioxidative effect of curcumin is mediated via regulation of age-1, akt-1, pdk-1, osr-1, unc-43, sek-1, skn-1, sir-2.1, and mev-1. Our study elucidates the diverse modes of action and signaling pathways that underlie the antioxidant activity exhibited by curcumin in vivo.     

Impact of the genes UGT1A1, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTA1, GSTP1 and NAT2 on acute alcohol-toxic hepatitis

Alcohol metabolism causes cellular damage by changing the redox status of cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between genetic markers in genes coding for enzymes involved in cellular redox stabilization and their potential role in the clinical outcome of acute alcohol-induced hepatitis. Study subjects comprised 60 patients with acute alcohol-induced hepatitis. The control group consisted of 122 healthy non-related individuals. Eight genetic markers of the genes UGT1A1, GSTA1, GSTP1, NAT2, GSTT1 and GSTM1 were genotyped. GSTT1 null genotype was identified as a risk allele for alcohol-toxic hepatitis progression (OR 2.146, P=0.013). It was also found to correlate negatively with the level of prothrombin (β= ?11.05, P=0.037) and positively with hyaluronic acid (β=170.4, P=0.014). NAT2 gene alleles rs1799929 and rs1799930 showed opposing associations with the activity of the biochemical markers γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase; rs1799929 was negatively correlated with γ-glutamyltransferase (β=?261.3, P=0.018) and alkaline phosphatase (β= ?270.5, P=0.032), whereas rs1799930 was positively correlated with Γ-glutamyltransferase (β=325.8, P=0.011) and alkaline phosphatase (β=374.8, P=0.011). Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase family and NAT2 enzyme play an important role in the detoxification process in the liver and demonstrate an impact on the clinical outcome of acute alcohol-induced hepatitis.     

Polymorphisms of CYP1a1, CYP2e1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 genes in Amerindians

Polymorphisms at the TP53, cytochrome P‐450 (CYP), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes are related to cancer susceptibility and present high diversity in allele frequencies among ethnic groups. This study concerns the CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in seven Amerindian populations (Xavante, Guarani, Aché, Wai Wai, Zoró, Surui, and Gavião). Polymorphic sites at CYP1A1 and TP53 were also studied in the Aché and Guarani tribes and compared with previous results about these systems already obtained in the other populations. The CYP2E1*5B haplotype showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest frequencies already observed in human groups. High frequencies of CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C alleles and mostly low values of GSTM1*0/*0 and GSTT1*0/*0 genotypes were observed. These data may be interpreted as being due to genetic drift or selection for these high‐frequency CYP1A1 alleles and against GST null genotypes during America's colonization. Intrapopulation diversity varied from 0.19 (Guarani) to 0.38 (Surui), and 90% of the total diversity was due to the variability within populations. The relationships between these Amerindians and with other ethnic groups were evaluated based on D_A distances and the neighbor‐joining method. Low correlation was observed between genetic relationships and geographic distances or linguistic groups. In the TP53 comparison with other ethnic groups, Amerindians clustered together and then joined Chinese populations. The cluster analysis seems to indicate that the Aché tribe might descend from a Gê group that could have first colonized that Paraguayan region, but had also assimilated some amount of the Guarani gene pool, maybe through intertribal admixture. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:249–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

南京市正常人群NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH基因的多态性研究

应用PCR技术,对南京市正常人群中NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH-外显子3、mEH－外显子4基因型多态性进行了研究。88例样本中,相关基因野生型纯合子（wt/wt）、杂合子（wt/vt）、突变型纯合子（vt/vt）三种基因型的频率分布及基因频率分别是：NQO1 29.5%（0.304）,51.1%(0.495)和19.3%(0.202);CYP1A?135.2%(0.329)、44.3%(0.489)和20.5%(0.181);mEH－外显子3为26.1%(0.297),56.8%(0.496),17.0%(0.207);mEH－外显子4为83.0%(0.826),15.9%(0.165),1.1%(0.008)。以上结果与国外的有关报道存在一定差异,在不同地区中国人群的频率分布特征基本一致,种族差异可能是造成有关基因型分布差异的重要原因。 Abstract：The polymorphisms of NQO1, CYP1A1, mEH-Exon3 ,and mEH-Exon4 genes in normal Nanjing population (88 cases) were investigat ed by PCR approach. The results showed that the population frequency distributio ns of genotypes of wild-type,heterozygote, homozygous variant were respectively: NQO1? 29.5%,51.1%,19.3%;CYP 1A1 35.2%,44.3%,20.5%;mEH-exon3 26.1 %,56.8%,17.0%;mEH-exon4 83.0%,15.9%,1.1%. The frequency distributions o f genotypes in Nanjing population differ from those of other countries and do no t show marked differences compared with other different area in Chinese populati on. The ethnic difference might be an important reason which results in the diff erences of related genotypes.     

Common polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and XPD genes and endogenous DNA damage

Endogenous DNA damage levels were analyzed in relation to polymorphisms in genes encoding phase I detoxifying enzyme—CYP1A1, phase II detoxifying enzymes—GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and enzyme involved in nucleotide excision repair-XPD. The study group consisted of 220 healthy non-smoking volunteers; 90 men and 130 woman, 25–60 years old (44 ± 10 years). The level of DNA damage (% DNA in tail) was evaluated by alkaline comet assay. The genetic variants were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. The highest level of DNA damage (6.7%) was found in carriers of both: AA variant of XPD gene and M1 null variant of GSTM1 gene. The lowest level of DNA breaks (3.7%) was associated with the genotype GSTP1-AA/GSTM1 (+).     

南宁吴圩国际机场春季鸟类鸟撞风险分析

机场的鸟类由于其所处位置的特殊性,会对飞行安全造成一定威胁.本文结合南宁吴圩国际机场的实际情况,详细记录了春季机场内出现的各种鸟类的种类、数量、活动高度、出现频率4个指标,并采用多元统计中的主成分分析法对数据进行分析.结果 表明:遇见频次和密度在贡献率最高的第1主成分中得分最高,可见这两个因子在鸟撞风险评价中起决定性作用;而鸟类个体大小和活动高度在贡献率较高的第2主成分中得分较高,所以这两个因子虽然对鸟撞风险大小有一定影响但不具主导地位.根据各种鸟类的密度和遇见频次进行聚类分析,将44种鸟进行了鸟撞风险大小划分,结果表明:乌鸫、极北柳莺等18种鸟属于风险较小的类群,占总数的40.91%;长尾缝叶莺、白腰雨燕等10种鸟属于风险一般的类群,占总数的22.73%;黑翅鸢、金腰燕等14种鸟属于风险较大的类群,占总数的31.82%;白鹭和棕背伯劳2种属于风险很大的鸟类,占总数的4.54%.分析结果为机场方面进行鸟撞防治工作提供了依据.     

Chromosome localization of the loci for PEPA,PEPB, PEPS, 1DH1, GSR,MPI, PGM1, NP,SOD1, and ME1 in the common shrew (Sorex araneus)

This report extends the genetic map of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) by adding chromosome assignments for ten genes to the seven already mapped (Pack et al. 1995). A somatic cell hybrid panel was used for the mapping. The genes for peptidase A (PEPA) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) map to chromosome de; the genes for phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), and mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) are located on chromosome af; the genes for nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) and glutathione reductase (GSR) are on chromosome ik; and the genes for peptidase S (PEPS), malic enzyme-1 (ME1), peptidase B (PEPB) are found on chromosomes jl, go, and mp respectively. Received: 2 October 1995 / Accepted: 21 November 1995     

Studies of 1-deoxy-D-fructose, 1-deoxy-D-glucitol, and 1-deoxy-D-minnitol as antimetabolites.

1-Deoxy-D-fructose was synthesized in 27% yield from D-glucosamine in a three-step procedure involving Raney nickel desulfurization and oxidative deamination with 3,5-di-tert-butyl- 1,2-benzoquinone applied to appropriate intermediates. 1-Deoxyfructose and its reduction products, 1-deoxyglucitol and 1-deoxymannitol, were tested as substrates and antimetabolites. For sheep liver glucitol dehydrogenase, the Km is 53 mM for 1-deoxymannitol, were tested as substrates and antimetabolites. For sheep liver glucitol dehydrogenase, the Km is 53 mM for 1-deoxyglucitol and 89 mM for 1-deoxymannitol with maximal velocities 33 and 18%, respectively, of that with glucitol as substrate. These results require substantial revision of the long-accepted polyol substrate structural requirements for this enzyme which have been reported to include a 1-hydroxy group and a cis-2,4-dihydroxy configuration. Km is 614 and 280 mM for yeast and muscle hexokinases, respectively, acting on 1-deoxyfructose; maximal velocities are 2 and 5% of those obtained with fructose. 1-Deoxyfructose 6-phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of phosphoglucose isomerase with a Ki of 1.1 mM; this is about the same as Km for the natural substrates. It is also an effective inhibitor of phosphofructokinase but does not alter the cooperativity of the enzyme interaction with fructose 6-phosphate nor exhibit cooperativity in its own interaction therewith. These results suggest that the 1-hydroxy group is not crucial for binding but does play a role in the cooperative interactions of this allosteric protein. At equivalent concentrations, 1-deoxyfructose is somewhat better than 2-deoxyglucose as an inhibitor of erythrocyte glycolysis; the 1-deoxypolyols are ineffective. All three 1-deoxy compounds are readily, though incompletely, absorbed from the intestine of mice; most of the absorbed dose appears in the urine unchanged within 24 h. Whether given by oral or intraperitoneal routes, 2 to 6% of administered deoxypolyol or deoxyketose appears in the urine as ketose or polyol, respectively. No acute toxic effects or growth retardation are noted for any of the 1-deoxy analogues when given to mice at levels where 2-deoxyglucose has such effects. The properties of these 1-deoxy sugar analogues recommend them for further studies of enzyme mechanisms, for metabolic studies, and for testing as therapeutic agents against such organisms as certain mammalian parasites with heavy reliance on glycolysis.