湖南南山国家公园发现花坪角蟾

2023年6月12日,在湖南省城步县南山国家公园（110°11′42″E,26°11′54″N）采集到无尾目（Anura）角蟾科（Megophryidae）布角蟾属（Boulenophrys）雌性标本1号（标本号NS20230612）,现保存于湖南师范大学生命科学学院脊椎动物学实验室。该标本背部皮肤光滑有痣粒,两侧皮肤松弛,有刺疣,背部灰褐色,背中央有深色“X”形斑,与花坪角蟾（B. mirabilis）形态鉴别特征一致。基于线粒体16Sr RNA和COI基因片段进行的系统发育分析结果显示,该标本与花坪角蟾聚为一支;平均遗传距离为0.28%,远小于布角蟾属物种间的遗传距离。结合形态特征比较与系统发育关系重建,鉴定该标本为角蟾科布角蟾属花坪角蟾,查阅相关文献资料,确认花坪角蟾为湖南省两栖纲分布新记录种。该物种的发现丰富了南山国家公园的两栖爬行动物物种多样性,同时为该物种分类及谱系地理学研究提供了参考资料。     

基于线粒体12S和16S rRNA基因部分序列的角蟾亚科部分属种的系统发育关系

测定了角蟾亚科2属8种(亚种)和外群3种的线粒体12S和16S rRNA基因部分DNA序列,比对后序列长共949bp,其中变异位点数320,简约位点数206。邻接法和最大简约法分析的系统关系树一致表明内群为一单系群,其中腺角蟾首先与其他物种分开;沙坪角蟾与宽头短腿蟾聚为一支;余下的5种(亚种)角蟾组成一支,其中小角蟾短肢亚种的广西种群和香港种群聚为一亚支,另一亚支包括峨眉角蟾、小角蟾指名亚种、尾凸角蟾和重庆武隆的角蟾种,后两种角蟾进化关系最近。本结果支持短肢角蟾为有效种,同时提示腺角蟾、沙坪角蟾与宽头短腿蟾可能隶属3个不同的亚属或属。     

广东省角蟾科新纪录--莽山角蟾

1999年及2001年先后在广东省始兴县车八岭国家自然保护区采得角蟾科角蟾属标本,经与角蟾属已知种对比,特别是与相似种白颌大角蟾M．lateralis(Anderson)对比,其差异明显,鉴定为广东省新记录——莽山角蟾M．mangshanensis。     

中国角蟾科动物系统发育研究中的几个问题

根据外部形态、核型以技精子形态等特征,角蟾科分布于中国的角蟾属（Megophrys）较之拟髭蟾属（Leptobrachium）是更为原始的类群,角蟾科动物中拟角蟾属（Ophryophryne）与角蟾属亲缘关系较近,短腿蟾属（Brachytarsophrys）是较为原始的类群,且应为一无效属,无耳蟾属（Atympanophrys）应为一有效属。角蟾属可以分为两个种组,其是峨嵋角蟾种组比较进化,白颌大角蟾种组比较原始。     

湖北省两栖类新纪录——淡肩角蟾、短肢角蟾

1983年和2006年分别在湖北省通山县老鸭尖和后河国家级自然保护区采集到两批标本,经鉴定其中包含有淡肩角蟾Megophrys boettgeri和短肢角蟾Megophrys brachykolos.这两种两栖类未见有在湖北省的分布报道,为湖北省新纪录.淡肩角蟾、短肢角蟾在分类上隶属两栖纲、无尾目、角蟾科、角蟾属.标本保存于华中师范大学动物学研究室.     

角蟾科一新亚种——炳灵角蟾梵净山亚种

报道了角蟾科一新亚种,该亚种具角蟾属特征,与峨眉角蟾种组中的炳灵角蟾(Megophrysbinlingensis)形态特征最为相近,但与该组成员又有明显区别,被命名为炳灵角蟾梵净山亚种(M.b.fanjingmontis subsp.nov.)。本亚种主要鉴别特征为犁骨棱较弱,后端无犁骨齿,上颌有细齿;第一、二指上婚刺细密,趾侧缘膜窄;体腹面斑少,两侧黑褐色长形斑明显;体型较大,雄性头体长大于60.00 mm;趾间具1/3蹼。     

中国角蟾亚科精子形态比较及分类学讨论(两栖纲：锄足蟾科)

应用光镜和电镜对角蟾亚科短腿蟾属,拟角蟾属和角蟾属3属18种精子的形态结构进行观察和比较。并通过计算机对其各部位长度进行了测量和计算,结果表明角蟾亚科精子的共同特征是：精子主要由头和尾两部分组成,头部呈螺旋状,尾部为波状或弯曲状,但精子的量度和头部形状在属间和种间存在明显差别,角蟾亚科的精子可分为3类,该亚科精子形态的差异与成体形态学研究结果基本相吻合,精子形态的差异可为该亚科属,种的划分,亲缘关系研究提供新依据。     

贵州赤水发现峨眉角蟾

2019年5月18和19日,在贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区金沙沟片区(28°26′12″N,105°59′52″E海拔465m)采集到8只两栖动物标本。形态上,这些标本与模式产地的峨眉角蟾(Megophrys omeimontis)相近。基于528 bp的16S rRNA基因片段构建最大似然系统发育树表明,本次采集的8只标本与峨眉角蟾模式产地标本聚在一起,其遗传距离远小于角蟾属其他物种之间的遗传距离。因此,结合分子系统学分析及形态学比较,确认这些标本为无尾目(Anura)角蟾科(Megophryidae)角蟾属的峨眉角蟾,系贵州省两栖动物分布新记录种。     

关于中国角蟾属物种属称订正的建议(无尾目,角蟾科)

简要介绍了角蟾属和异角蟾属的研究历史;通过比较两属的形态学特征,并结合骨骼细胞核型资料和分子系统学的研究结果,证实异角蟾属为有效属;建议将我国的原角蟾属物种归入异角蟾属.     

贵州省发现短肢角蟾

2012年6月,在梵净山国家级自然保护区附近的松桃县一村庄采到雄性角蟾标本1号,经鉴定为短肢角蟾(Megophrys brachykolos Inger and Romer),系贵州省两栖动物新纪录。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细