mas双向启动子

农杆菌Ti质粒上存在甘露碱合成酶 (mannopinesynthase)基因mas1′和mas2′ ,两基因之间 479bp的间隔区即为由mas1′和mas2′基因共用的双向启动子 .由于mas启动子长度较短 ,且在各种类型的植物中能够高效表达 ,所以可用于许多植物基因表达载体的构建 .为确定mas1′启动子不同区段的作用 ,将不同缺失长度的mas1′启动子与GUS报告基因融合 .在转基因烟草中发现 ,随着mas1′启动子片段的缩短 ,GUS活性表达水平反而提高 ,但当缺失至 - 5 8时便没有了活性 .表明有多个DNA元件调节mas1′启动子的活性 .进一步分析发现 ,在- 10 0～ - 5 8之间存…     

竹节花黄斑驳病毒启动子的缺失分析及功能

竹节花黄斑驳病毒(CoYMV)是侵染单子叶植物竹节花的一 种双链环状DNA病毒,它的启动子可介导外源基因在烟草韧皮部特异表达。为了研究其组织 特异性表达的最佳启动子区域,对CoYMV启动子进行了5′端五种不同长度的缺失分析,用不同长度的启动子片段与GUS基因及NOS3′端转录中止序列构建了全长启动子及5 个缺失启动子序列的六个嵌合GUS基因植物表达载体。利用农杆菌将上述嵌合基因转化烟草 外植体后,每种表达载体都获得了一批转基因烟草植株。转化再生烟草植株的PCR分析、GUS 酶活测定及GUS组织染色的结果表明六种类型的嵌合基因已整合到烟草染色体中,并有五种 表达出GUS活性。缺失到870bp的启动子比全长启动子(1040bp)的活性约高78%,870bp比585bp启动子介导的GUS活性略高但差别不明显,缺失到447和232时GUS活性有明显下 降,但仍具有韧皮部特异表达的特性。当缺失到TATA box附近的44bp时启动子丧失组织特 异性,GUS活性也降低到测不出来的水平。以上结果表明CoYMV启动子从转录起始位点上游 870bp～230bp及232bp下游区分别与启动子的活性和韧皮部组织特异性密切相关,870bp上游可能存在一个负调控序列,所以该启动子的活性和组织特异性的最佳调控区应在87 0bp或585bp的下游区。CoYMV启动子与35S启动子驱动GUS基因在烟草中表达的活性相比, 前者为后者的70%左右,考虑到前者仅在韧皮部细胞表达而后者为组成型表达,所以CoYMV启 动子在韧皮部的活性可能与35S启动子相当或更高。CoYMV启动子在其它转基因植物中驱动外 源基因表达的特点正在研究中。     

厚藤脱水素基因IpDHN启动子IpDHN-Pro的克隆和调控转录活性分析

为了解厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)脱水素基因IpDHN (GenBank登录号:KX426069)启动子的转录活性和对非生物胁迫和植物激素ABA的响应,通过染色体步移法克隆了IpDHN的上游启动子序列IpDHN-Pro,长度为974 bp。构建IpDHN-Pro调控下GUS转基因载体,转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)植株获得IpDHN-Pro::GUS转基因植株并进行GUS染色,验证IpDHN-Pro启动转录活性以及在氯化钠、甘露醇、ABA处理后拟南芥GUS基因表达变化。结果表明,扩增获得的IpDHN-Pro序列包含多个顺式作用元件,包括1个ABRE、3个Myb转录因子结合位点、富含TC的重复序列以及Skn-1基序等。转基因拟南芥GUS染色及qRT-PCR表明该序列可驱动GUS基因在拟南芥稳定表达,且表达受高盐、渗透压及ABA的诱导。这表明IpDHN-Pro是一个盐旱、ABA诱导的启动子序列,可应用于相关的植物抗逆遗传工程研究。     

番茄rbcS3A启动子控制的GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究不同启动子用于转基因水稻,克隆了番茄Rubisco小亚基rbcS3A基因的5′上游调控区,构建了由rbcS3A启动子引导的GUS嵌合基因,并经农杆菌介导导入到水稻中。对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性的定性与定量测定结果表明,rbcS3A启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因水稻植株茎和叶组织中高效表达,而在根和种子等器官中不表达或表达活性极弱,表现出一定的组织特异性。在转基因水稻中,番茄rbcS3A启动子驱动外源基因的表达不受光诱导。     

水杨酸诱导山葡萄Class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因VCH3启动子在转基因烟草维管组织中的表达

从山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rubr.)叶片中分离到长度为1 216 bp的山葡萄ClassⅢ几丁质酶基因VCH3的5′端非编码区(GenBank number AF441123),并发现有两个反向水杨酸(SA)顺式作用元件(TGACG)分别位于转录起始位点上游-1 181 bp和-293 bp处.为了鉴定VCH3启动子的功能,我们将该启动子的4个缺失片段(-1 187 bp～ 7bp,-892 bp～ 7 bp,-589 bp～ 7 bp及-276 bp～ 7 bp)分别连接到β-葡糖苷酸酶基因(GUS)编码区的上游,构建成4个融合基因,并利用农杆菌介导叶盘转化法将这4个融合基因转入烟草(Nicotiana tobacum L.)栽培品种NC89中.SA处理的转基因烟草根系GUS酶活性的荧光检测结果表明:只含有TATA盒和CAAT盒而缺失了所有SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-276)GUS表达盒对SA处理表现出较低程度的诱导性;只包含一个SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-589) GUS或VCH3(-892)GUS表达盒表现出相似的较高水平的GUS酶活性;而包含两个SA顺式作用元件的全长启动子片段(-1 187 bp～ 7 bp)驱动了最强的GUS酶活性,这说明VCH3启动子诱导的GUS酶活性的最大量表达需要两个SA顺式作用元件的协同作用.GUS酶的组织化学分析结果表明,在SA处理的转基因烟草根横切面中,VCH3启动子4个缺失片段驱动的GUS酶活性在维管组织中的表达活性均强于在外皮层和内皮层的表达活性,因此SA诱导的VCH3启动子维管组织特异性表达元件可能位于-276 bp～ 7 bp之间.以上结果显示,该启动子将在基因工程中具有较大的应用潜力.     

DGP1, 一个受干旱诱导的保卫细胞特异性启动子的构建与功能分析

植物气孔运动的分子调控离不开高效的基因开关系统, 保卫细胞特异性表达的启动子近几年备受关注. 将保卫细胞特异性表达元件和干旱应答元件进行改造, 构建成一个新的受干旱诱导的保卫细胞特异性的启动子DGP1. 转基因烟草的组织化学定位表明, DGP1驱动的gus基因在受到干旱诱导的情况下, 在保卫细胞中特异性表达, 而在未经干旱处理植株的保卫细胞和干旱处理的根、茎和花中均不表达. 对GUS活性进行定量测定, 结果显示GUS活性明显地受干旱诱导, 并且随着处理时间的延长而增强, 其中干旱诱导8 h后GUS的活性是诱导前的179倍. 而根、茎和叶肉组织在干旱诱导后GUS活性虽然有所提高, 但变化不大. 这些结果表明, 植物在遭遇干旱胁迫时, DGP1启动子可以驱动目的基因在保卫细胞专一性表达, 这就为通过基因工程的途径调控气孔开关运动奠定了基础.     

水稻OsERF96应答病原菌的表达及启动子的功能分析

前人研究发现水稻Os ERF96(ethylene responsive factor 96)可应答白叶枯病病原菌的侵染,但其功能及表达调控机制仍不清楚,本研究进一步分析了该基因在水稻应答稻瘟病病原菌侵染及外源激素(SA和Me JA)处理下的转录情况,并分析了其启动子的诱导表达活性。结果表明:相对于对照组,Os ERF96在接种稻瘟病后1~4 d表达量显著上调,以第1天最高,此后逐渐下降,外源SA处理后Os ERF96表达量持续上调;利用Os ERF96启动子驱动GUS的转基因株系分析了Os ERF96启动子的诱导活性,结果表明GUS在根、茎和叶均有不同程度组成型表达,稻瘟病菌接种后4~7 d GUS活性持续升高。GUS活性定量表明,稻瘟病菌和SA处理条件下均出现了升高。综上所述,Os ERF96可应答白叶枯病或稻瘟病病原菌的浸染,其启动子是一个对病原菌侵染产生应答的诱导性启动子。     

玉米茎特异启动子克隆及其在转基因烟草中的活性分析

从玉米自交系‘综31’基因组中分离了1个茎特异表达启动子,命名为ZmSSP。用ZmSSP替换植物表达载体pCAMBIA3301的CaMV35S启动子,构建了ZmSSP驱动GUS报告基因的重组表达载体pCAMBIA3301-ZmSSP-GUS,并采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,对转基因烟草营养器官中GUS表达模式进行了分析。结果表明:在烟草中ZmSSP活性低于CaMV35S启动子;不同转基因株系中ZmSSP活性及模式有显著差异;10个转基因株系统计结果表明,GUS表达量最高的营养器官是叶柄,平均是Actin基因表达量的2.71倍;其次是叶片和茎,在根中的GUS表达量最低,平均是Actin基因表达量的29.6%,是叶柄中活性的10.9%。研究认为,ZmSSP是较好的组织特异性启动子,适用于通过植物基因工程技术驱动目的基因进行地上营养器官的性状改良。     

水杨酸诱导山葡萄Class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因VCH3启动子在转基因烟草维管组织中的表达(英文)

从山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rubr.)叶片中分离到长度为1216 bp的山葡萄Class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因VCH3的5’端非编码区(GenBank number AF441123),并发现有两个反向水杨酸(SA)顺式作用元件(TGACG)分别位于转录起始位点上游-1 181 bp和-293 bp处。为了鉴定VCH3启动子的功能,我们将该启动子的4个缺失片段(-1187 bp～ 7bp,-892 bp～ 7 bp,-589 bp～ 7 bp及-276 bp～ 7 bp)分别连接到β-葡糖苷酸酶基因(GUS)编码区的上游,构建成4个融合基因,并利用农杆菌介导叶盘转化法将这4个融合基因转入烟草(Nicotiana tobacum L.)栽培品种NC89中。SA处理的转基因烟草根系GUS酶活性的荧光检测结果表明:只含有TATA盒和CAAT盒而缺失了所有SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-276)GUS表达盒对SA处理表现出较低程度的诱导性;只包含一个SA顺式作用元件的VCH3(-589)GUS或VCH3(-892)GUS表达盒表现出相似的较高水平的GUS酶活性;而包含两个SA顺式作用元件的全长启动子片段(-1187bp～ 7bp)驱动了最强的GUS酶活性,这说明VCH3启动子诱导的GUS酶活性的最大量表达需要两个SA顺式作用元件的协同作用。GUS酶的组织化学分析结果表明,在SA处理的转基因烟草根横切面中,VCH3启动子4个缺失片段驱动的GUS酶活性在维管组织中的表达活性均强于在外皮层和内皮层的表达     

小桐子低温诱导型启动子JcDnaJ20p的克隆及烟草转化功能鉴定

低温转录组数据显示,DnaJ20是小桐子低温诱导基因。为鉴定该基因启动子的低温诱导活性,基于PCR技术从小桐子叶片基因组DNA中克隆到DnaJ20基因(JcDna20)启动子序列,命名为JcDnaJ20p,利用重组技术构建了JcDnaJ20p启动子驱动GUS标记基因的植物双元表达载体pCambia1381Z-JcDnaJ20p-GUS,并通过农杆菌介导转化烟草进行功能解析。结果表明,克隆的小桐子DnaJ20基因启动子序列长度2023 bp,序列分析显示该启动子中具有真核生物典型的核心启动子区元件TATAbox和CAAT-box,另外,还鉴定到激素如脱落酸、赤霉素响应元件与植物抗逆性相关如低温、干旱胁迫响应元件。以转化空质粒pCambia1381Z-GUS与35S启动子驱动pCambia1381Z-35S-GUS的烟草为对照,对转化pCambia1381Z-JcDnaJ20p-GUS的烟草叶片分别进行15、4℃低温处理24 h,通过GUS组织化学染色表明,JcDnaJ20p在低温处理下能够提高GUS基因的表达量,具有低温诱导启动子活性。     

pib基因启动子及其诱导启动性初探

将pib基因上游5.7 kb区段取代pCAMBIA1301中gus基因上游的35S启动子构建了pib拟启动区-GUS+ 35S-hpt 基因表达载体pNAR604。经农杆菌介导转化水稻成熟胚愈伤,获得了转基因抗潮霉素愈伤和36株转基因水稻植株。 转基因抗性愈伤和转基因植株根的组织化学GUS活性检测表明,光照培养下的抗性愈伤和转基因植株根不能使X-gluc显色,而暗处理24 h后的抗性愈伤和定植后转基因植株的根能使X-gluc显色。转基因植株GUS荧光定量分析结果表明,GUS表达具有器官特异性,黑暗处理前根的GUS活性最高、茎次之,分别是是叶片的7倍和3倍,叶片中仅有痕量本底。24 h黑暗处理后根、茎、叶中GUS活性都有增加,且叶片中的增加比例最大,其活性仅次于根。5 mmol/L水杨酸和0.3 mol/L NaCl叶面喷施转基因植株24 h后叶片中GUS活性分别为处理前的2.7和3.6倍。初步确定pib拟启动区是一个诱导型启动子。黑暗、水杨酸和NaCl能诱导该启动子启动活性。     

Effects of copy number of an octopine synthase enhancer element and its distance from the TATA box on heterologous expression in transgenic tobacco

The relationship among motif copy number, its distance from the TATA box and expression level was analyzed in transformed tobacco plants. Single or multiple copies of octopine synthase (ocs) enhancer elements from the ocs promoter were linked to the minimal ocs promoter and a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, then transformed stably into tobacco. Reporter gene assays revealed that mere repetition of the ocs enhancer sequence is not sufficient for promoter activity. Increasing the number of copies of the ocs element elevated the level of gene expression in an additive manner that was dependent of the element’s distance from the TATA box. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the regulation of transgene expression by interactions between these two factors has been documented.     

Development of insect resistant transgenic cotton lines expressing cry1EC gene from an insect bite and wound inducible promoter

Transgenic cotton lines were developed for high-level expression of a synthetic cry1EC gene from a wound inducible promoter. The tobacco pathogenesis related promoter PR-1a was modified by placing CaMV35S promoter on its upstream in reverse orientation. The resultant chimeric promoter CaMV35S(r)PR-1a expressed constitutively and was further up-regulated at the site of feeding by insects. It was induced more rapidly by treatment with salicylic acid (SA). The CaMV35S(r)PR-1a cry1EC expressing transgenic lines of cotton showed 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura larvae. The tightly regulated low-level expression of PR-1a was modified to a highly expressing constitutive expression by CaMV35S placed in reverse orientation. Salicylic acid treatment and wounding enhanced the expression further by the chimeric promoter. The leaves expressed more δ-endotoxin around the sites of insect bites. The levels of expression and induction varied among different transgenic lines, suggesting position effect. Some of the transgenic lines that expressed Cry1EC from the chimeric promoter at a low level also showed 100% mortality when induced with salicylic acid. A highly expressing insect bite and wound inducible promoter is desirable for developing insect resistant transgenic plants.     

A 42 bp fragment of the pmas1′ promoter containing an ocs-like element confers a developmental,wound- and chemically inducible expression pattern

Synthesis of mannopine in plant tissues infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens is controlled by a divergent promoter (pmas2 and pmas1) that in 479 bp contains all the cis-acting elements necessary to direct tissue-specific and wound-inducible expression. In this report, using transgenic tobacco plants harboring a pmas1--glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion, we investigated the developmental expression pattern directed by pmas1 in the early stages of development and the responses of pmas1 to different chemical inducers. It was found that this promoter can respond to auxins, cytokinins, methyl jasmonate (MJ), salicylic acid (SA) and its analogue 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (iNA). Treatment with chemical inducers also showed that the effects of iNA are organ-dependent, that wound-induction is a complex response mediated by at least two different chemical signals, and that MJ stimulates changes in the tissue-specific and developmental expression pattern directed by the pmas1 promoter. Using chimeric promoters we demonstrate that an ocs-like element (ocs+1) directs MJ responses in an orientation-dependent manner and that sequences around the ocs+1 are important to maintain the inducible and developmental properties of this cis-regulatory element.     

满江红鱼腥藻glnA启动区的克隆及在烟草中的活性表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术获得满江红鱼腥藻ｇｌｎＡ启动区,经克隆测序后构成谷氨酰胺合成酶基因启动子驱动的ＧＵＳ基因表达载体用基因枪经,将表达载体导入烟草中,在其叶片和茎中检测到ＧＵＳ活性,而在烟草根中未见表达。实验结果对真核生物与原核生物间基因表达调控、转录因子识别的研究以及构建衫载体具有一定价值。     

Developmental regulation of two tomato lipoxygenase promoters in transgenic tobacco and tomato

Two lipoxygenase (LOX) genes (tomloxA and tomloxB) are expressed in ripening tomato fruit, and tomloxA is also expressed in germinating seedlings [12]. The 5'-upstream regions of these genes were isolated to study the regulatory elements involved in coordinating tomlox gene expression. Sequence analysis of the promoters did not reveal any previously characterized regulatory elements except for TATA and CAAT boxes. However, the sequence motif GATAcAnnAAtnTGATG was found in both promoters. Chimeric gene fusions of each tomlox promoter with the -glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) were introduced into tobacco and tomato plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GUS activity in tomloxA-gus plants during seed germination peaked at day 5 and was enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJa) treatment. No GUS activity was detected in tomloxB-gus seedlings. Neither wounding nor abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of transgenic seedlings modified the activity of either promoter. During fruit development, GUS expression in tomloxA-gus tobacco fruit increased 5 days after anthesis (DAA) and peaked at 20 DAA. In tomloxB-gus tobacco fruit, GUS activity increased at 10 DAA and peaked at 20 DAA. In transgenic tomato fruit, tomloxA-gus expression was localized to the outer pericarp during fruit ripening, while tomloxB-gus expression was localized in the outer pericarp and columella. These data demonstrate that the promoter regions used in these experiments contain cis-acting regulatory elements required for proper regulation of tomlox expression during development and for MeJa-responsiveness.     

Subdomains of the octopine synthase upstream activating element direct cell-specific expression in transgenic tobacco plants.

Previous work has shown that the octopine synthase (ocs) gene encoded by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid contains an upstream activating sequence necessary for its expression in plant cells. This sequence is composed of an essential 16-bp palindrome and flanking sequences that modulate the level of expression of the ocs promoter in transgenic tobacco calli. In this study, we have used RNA gel blot analysis of RNA extracted from transgenic tobacco plants to show that the octopine synthase gene is not constitutively expressed in all plant tissues and organs. This tissue-specific pattern of expression is determined, to a large extent, by the 16-bp palindrome. Histochemical analysis, using an ocs-lacZ fusion gene, has indicated that the 16-bp palindrome directs the expression of the ocs promoter in specific cell types in the leaves, stems, and roots of transgenic tobacco plants. This expression is especially strong in the vascular tissue of the leaves, leaf mesophyll cells, leaf and stem guard cells, and the meristematic regions of the shoots and roots. Sequences surrounding the palindrome in the upstream activating sequence restrict the expression of the ocs promoter to fewer cell types, resulting in a reduced level of expression of beta-galactosidase activity in the central vascular tissue of leaves, certain types of leaf trichomes, and the leaf primordia.