广东省化州市药用植物资源调查

为了摸清广东省化州市药用植物资源现状,为该市中药资源的开发利用提供依据,采用代表区域－样地－样方套－样方的调查方法,通过野外调查、标本采集、鉴定等对化州市药用植物资源多样性进行研究。结果表明,化州市有药用植物99科338种,其中重点种类43种,广东省特色中药资源19种。通过调查认为,化州市药用植物资源丰富度一般,野生药用植物资源破坏较为严重;道地药材的栽培利用发展良好,在对资源进行开发利用的同时应加强保护。     

容易张冠李戴的植物

采用图文对照的方式,介绍了罗汉松与罗汉果、雪莲与雪莲果、鸡蛋花与鸡蛋果等10种容易被张冠李戴的植物的名称来由和形态上的畀同点等内容,有助于读者正确地识别和利用它们。     

广州市植绥螨调查名录

2006年,经2次本底资源调查共得到广州市植绥螨科5属28种,其中尼氏真绥螨是优势种,占采集标本总数的45%.本文还对一些在生物防治上有利用价值的种类作了重点介绍.     

泸定县药用植物资源现状调查与分析

目的:对泸定县中药资源的现状进行普查,促进中药及民族药资源有效利用与可持续发展提供依据.方法:以全国第四次中药资源普查技术规范为指导,通过外业调查、内业整理等方法,对泸定县现有中药资源进行普查、统计分析.结果:本次调查共完成样地41个、样方套205个,采集标本5028份.调查的野生药用植物共837种、179科,重点药用...     

不同耕种稻田昆虫天敌资源调查

文中调查比较了有机耕种稻田和常规耕种稻田的天敌种类资源.调查发现:稻田天敌资源十分丰富,其中有机耕种稻田天敌种类资源更为丰富,在有机耕种稻田共采集到天敌(含蜘蛛目)7目,38科,146种,而CK区采集到的天敌(含蜘蛛目)种类共有7目,34科,109种.     

四川宝兴杜鹃花属植物资源保护及合理利用

四川省是世界杜鹃花属植物主要产地,有丰富的物种资源。是杜鹃花属特有种类和模式标本高密度的分布区域。作者通过野外实地调查、采集标本,对宝兴县境内杜鹃花属植物资源进行了初步调查。结果显示:该县有杜鹃花44种(不包括种下分类等级,其中42种为中国特有种)。本文就宝兴杜鹃花属植物资源及其保护和合理利用策略进行讨论。     

药用资源植物雪莲化学成分及药理作用

雪莲主要分布于我国的四川、云南、新疆、青藏高原的高寒山区,是重要的药用资源植物.对雪莲的化学成分及其药理作用等方面的研究做了较为系统的综述.     

安徽万佛山药用蕨类植物种类调查

通过对安徽省万佛山自然保护区药用植物资源调查、标本采集鉴定,整理出药用蕨类植物有57种,2变种,隶属23科,37属,并记述它们的生态分布、药用价值,为进一步研究和利用该区药用蕨类植物提供资料。     

云南巍山地区广义虫草的物种多样性研究

为了解云南巍山地区的广义虫草资源状况,通过资源调查,利用形态观察结合多基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)系统发育分析,对广义虫草的物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明,巍山地区共采集虫草341株,隶属于2科5属20种,其中有7种为疑似新物种,虫草寄主包含鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目和半翅目昆虫。巍山地区虫草优势属为虫草属(Cordyceps, 7种215株),优势种为蛹虫草(C. militaris, 93株)。巍山地区北部红河源样地的虫草物种多样性和丰富度最高,小鸡足山样地最低。物种累计曲线表明巍山地区绝大多数虫草种类已被采集研究。这为云南虫草资源保护与可持续利用提供依据。     

我国雪莲植物的种类、生境分布及化学成分的研究进展

本文对雪莲花的原植物种类、生境分布、生长习性做了分析整理,并对新疆雪莲、水母雪莲、雪兔子等六种雪莲植物化学成分研究进展进行了综述。从比较已有的实验结果中发现不同种雪莲在其特定生境下的化学成分既有属的同一性又存在种的特征性差异。这不仅为植物化学分类提供了证据,也为细胞大量培养选用品质优秀的原植物材料提供了资料     

Review on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saussurea laniceps</Emphasis>, a potent medicinal plant known as “snow lotus”: botany,phytochemistry and bioactivities

Saussurea laniceps (Compositae), commonly known as “cotton-headed snow lotus”, is the most effective “snow lotus” used in both Tibetan and Chinese folk medicine. It performs outstandingly in treating rheumatoid arthritis, which mainly is credited for its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive efficacy, as explained by modern pharmacological studies. Extracts of the herb, including umbelliferone and scopoletin, exert such effects in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Besides the two chemicals above, more than 100 organic compounds have been found in S. laniceps, and 58 of them are presented here in molecular structure, including cynaropicrin, mokko lactone, apigenin, acacetin, and luteolin, all contributing to different bioactivities, such as analgesic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial and anticancer effects. We provide a natural product library of S. laniceps, giving inspirations for structure modification and bioactivity-oriented screening, enabling sustainable use of this valuable plant. The ethnomedical applications and pharmacological discoveries are compared and crosslinked, revealing modern evidence for traditional usages. Despite that S. laniceps is a representative “snow lotus” herb, its material medica records and clinical applications are complicated; there is considerable confusion with the different snow lotuses in the academic community and on the market. This review also aims at clearing such confusion, and improving quality assessment and control of the herb. To better utilize the valuable plant, further comparison among the chemical constitutions, pharmacological activities and therapeutic mechanisms of different snow lotuses are needed.     

New nitrogen uptake strategy: specialized snow roots

The evolution of plants has yielded a wealth of adaptations for the acquisition of key mineral nutrients. These include the structure, physiology and positioning of root systems. We report the discovery of specialized snow roots as a plant strategy to cope with the very short season for nutrient uptake and growth in alpine snow-beds, i.e. patches in the landscape that remain snow-covered well into the summer. We provide anatomical, chemical and experimental ¹⁵N isotope tracking evidence that the Caucasian snow-bed plant Corydalis conorhiza forms extensive networks of specialized above-ground roots, which grow against gravity to acquire nitrogen directly from within snow packs. Snow roots capture nitrogen that would otherwise partly run off down-slope over a frozen surface, thereby helping to nourish these alpine ecosystems. Climate warming is changing and will change mountain snow regimes, while large-scale anthropogenic N deposition has increased snow N contents. These global changes are likely to impact on the distribution, abundance and functional significance of snow roots.     

雪被期川西高山林线交错带两种地被物凋落物分解与土壤动物多样性

以针叶林代表性地被植物锦丝藓和高山冷蕨为研究对象,采用凋落物分解网袋法,研究了高山林线交错带(暗针叶林-林线-高山草甸)的锦丝藓植物残体、高山冷蕨凋落叶及混合凋落物经过一个雪被期分解后的质量损失与土壤动物群落结构特征.结果表明: 雪被期林线交错带上两种地被物的质量损失率在高山草甸最大,锦丝藓表现更为显著,两种凋落物混合促进了分解过程且在林线上表现尤为显著.在交错带凋落物中共获取土壤动物968头,隶属于5纲10目35科,优势类群以弹尾目和蜱螨目为主.在林线上凋落物中获得的土壤动物个体数和类群数高于高山草甸和暗针叶林.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,土壤动物类群与雪被期平均温度关系最为密切,特有物种如等翅目和地蜈蚣目仅在暗针叶林出现,半翅目和啮目仅在高山草甸出现.地被物种类对土壤动物多样性的影响在暗针叶林和高山草甸大于林线.多元回归分析表明,日平均温度和雪被厚度能够解释凋落物质量损失率变异的30.8%,而土壤动物因子能解释质量损失率变异的8.3%,它们共同解释质量损失率变异的34.1%.雪被是影响高山两种地被物凋落物分解的最关键因子.     

雪被厚度对色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林土壤线虫群落的影响

为了解雪被覆盖对青藏高原高寒森林土壤线虫群落的影响,选取藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林为研究区,采用高通量测序技术分析不同雪被厚度0、10、20、30 cm下土壤线虫群落特征。结果表明：随着雪被增厚,有机质和全氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),全钾含量显著升高(P<0.05)。雪被增厚对线虫群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数以及成熟度指数、线虫通路比值(NCR)均未产生显著影响,但NCR值有升高的趋势。雪被增厚使刺嘴纲(Enoplea)及食细菌性线虫的相对丰度增多,同时使20 cm和30 cm雪被下土壤线虫群落结构发生显著变化(P<0.05)。土壤有机质、全氮和全钾含量是影响土壤线虫群落的最关键的3个土壤环境因子。研究表明雪被厚度会对青藏高原色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林土壤线虫群落产生影响,雪被增厚意味着较为稳定和温暖的土壤环境,利于土壤细菌数量增加,继而利于土壤有机质分解及钾的释放,为刺嘴纲及食细菌性线虫的增多提供了资源与环境条件。目前仍需对青藏高原地区土壤进行系统调查,以更深入的了解该生态脆弱区土壤线虫分布及其响应环境变化的规律。     

我国雪莲植物的种类 生境分布及化学成分的研究进展

本文对雪莲花的原植物种类、生境分布、生长习性做了分析整理,并对新疆雪莲、水母雪莲、雪兔子等六种雪莲植物化学成分研究进展进行了综述。从比较已有的实验结果中发现不同种雪莲在其特定生境下的化学成分既有属的同一性又存在种的特征性差异。这不仅为植物化学分类提供了证据,也为细胞大量培养选用品质优秀的原植物材料提供了资料。     

藏雪鸡的人工饲养与繁殖初报

报道了原产地为西藏自治区白朗县马乡地区(海拔4500m以上)的藏雪鸡(Tetraogallus tibetanus)在人工条件下(在拉萨市区海拔3650m)为期4年的饲养繁殖情况,以及藏雪鸡在人工条件下所产的卵和野生卵的大小及重量的差异显著性分析结果。     

Significant Achievements in Protection and Restoration of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in Northern Tibet, China

Alpine grassland is a fragile ecosystem, and a large area of this grassland type has been severely degraded in Northern Tibet, to the extent that it has become the primary ecological problem in the region. Various levels of government, including the national central government, the Tibetan Autonomous Region government, and the Nagqu Prefecture government have worked together to achieve alpine grassland ecosystem protection and prevent grassland degradation. These efforts have resulted in significant ecological, social, and economic benefits in Northern Tibet.     

The consequences of multiple resource shifts on the productivity and composition of alpine tundra communities: inferences from a long-term snow and nutrient manipulation experiment

Background: Gradients in the amounts and duration of snowpack and resulting soil moisture gradients have been associated with different plant communities across alpine landscapes.

Aims: The extent to which snow additions could alter plant community structure, both alone and in combination with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions, provided an empirical assessment of the strength of these variables on structuring the plant communities of the alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range.

Methods: A long-term snow fence was used to study vegetation changes in responses to snowpack, both alone and in conjunction with nutrient amendments, in plots established in dry and moist meadow communities in the alpine belt. Species richness, diversity, evenness and dissimilarity were evaluated after 20 years of treatments.

Results: Snow additions, alone, reduced species richness and altered species composition in dry meadow plots, but not in moist meadow; more plant species were found in the snow-impacted areas than in nearby controls. Changes in plant community structure to N and N + P additions were influenced by snow additions. Above-ground plant productivity in plots not naturally affected by snow accumulation was not increased, and the positive responses of plant species to nutrient additions were reduced by snow addition. Plant species showed individualistic responses to changes in snow and nutrients, and indirect evidence suggested that competitive interactions mediated responses. A Permanova analysis demonstrated that community dissimilarity was affected by snow, N, and P additions, but with these responses differing by community type for snow and N. Snow influenced community patterns generated by N, and finally, the communities impacted by N + P were significantly different than those affected by the individual nutrients.

Conclusions: These results show that changes in snow cover over a 20-year interval produce measureable changes in community composition that concurrently influence and are influenced by soil nutrient availability. Dry meadow communities exhibit more sensitivity to increases in snow cover whereas moist meadow communities appear more sensitive to N enrichment. This study shows that the dynamics of multiple limiting resources influence both the productivity and composition of alpine plant communities, with, species, life form, and functional traits mediating these responses.     

Impacts of snow cover duration on vegetation spring phenology over the Tibetan Plateau

Aims Snow cover occupies large percentage of land surface in Tibetan Plateau. Snow cover duration (SCD) during non-growing seasons plays a critical role in regulating alpine vegetation’s phenology by affecting the energy budgets of land surface and soil moisture conditions. Different period’s snow cover during non-growing season may have distinct effect on the vegetation’s phenology. Start of season (SOS) has been observed advanced under the ongoing climate change in the plateau, but it still remains unclear how the SCD alters the SOS. This study attempts to answer the following questions: (i) What is the pattern of spatial and temporal variations for SCD and grassland SOS? (ii) Which period’s SCD plays a critical role in grassland’s SOS?