椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生后椰心叶甲蛹血淋巴蛋白质双向电泳图谱分析

分析昆虫被寄生蜂寄生后血淋巴蛋白质组分及组分含量变化,从蛋白质水平分析寄生蜂寄生引起寄主昆虫的生理变化,有利于探索寄生蜂调控寄主的机理。以椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima和椰扁甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae为研究材料,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术及图像分析技术分析了椰心叶甲蛹被椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生后不同时期血淋巴蛋白质图谱及其变化情况。结果表明:寄生后0.5, 1, 2, 3和4 d,被寄生蛹血淋巴共检测到的蛋白斑点数分别为982, 926, 712, 636和680个,其中特异性蛋白斑点的数量分别为650, 400, 336, 229和150个;同期未被寄生蛹血淋巴共检测到的到的蛋白斑点数分别为645, 817, 640, 873和940个,其中特异性蛋白斑点的数量分别为313, 291, 264, 466和410个;被寄生蛹和同期未被寄生蛹能匹配的蛋白斑点分别为332, 526, 376, 407和530对。被寄生蛹血淋巴蛋白斑点数量的异常变化表明寄主的生理功能受到了严重的影响。     

家蚕蛾触角蛋白的双向电泳分析

为探讨家蚕Bombyx mori蛾触角发生发育、结构与功能的分子基础和调控机制, 我们采用双向电泳结合基质辅助质量飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/MS)技术初步探讨了家蚕蛾触角蛋白及其雌雄表达差异。采用ImageMast 6.0软件分析电泳图谱, 在家蚕蛾触角中检测到约550个蛋白点, 主要集中在分子量14～70 kD, 等电点4～8之间。从雌雄蛾触角电泳图谱中分别检测到419和489个蛋白点, 其中雌雄匹配蛋白点有326对, 匹配率为71.81%。雌雄间表达差异点有34个, 雌雄分别所特有的特异蛋白点分别为9和20个。对特异和差异点进行MALDI-TOF/MS鉴定获得其中5种蛋白--成虫原基生长因子(imaginal disk growth factor)、表皮蛋白RR-1基序15(cuticular protein RR-1 motif 15)、硫醇过氧化还原酶(thiol peroxiredoxin)、空泡ATP酶B亚基(vacuolar ATPase B subunit)以及gasp前体(gasp precursor), 它们在雄蛾触角中表达量都比雌蛾高。这为家蚕触角蛋白的进一步研究提供了基本信息。     

蛋白质双向电泳图谱的计算机处理和数量化分析

本文叙述了通过计算机硬件和软件的方法,对蛋白质的二维电泳图谱进行图像处理和数量化分析的工作.采用计算机图像处理的方法从电泳图谱的斑点图中抽取有用的信息,采用图像分析技术确定电泳图谱蛋白斑点的强度,比较几个凝胶的斑点图案.图谱的计算机处理和数量化分析技术,在许多生物物理和生物化学的研究中都可以应用,以给研究工作带来帮助.     

蛋白质双向电泳图谱的计算机处理和数量化分析

本文叙述了通过计算机硬件和软件的方法,对蛋白质的二维电泳图谱进行图像处理和数量化分析的工作.采用计算机图像处理的方法从电泳图谱的斑点图中抽取有用的信息,采用图像分析技术确定电泳图谱蛋白斑点的强度,比较几个凝胶的斑点图案.图谱的计算机处理和数量化分析技术,在许多生物物理和生物化学的研究中都可以应用,以给研究工作带来帮助.     

蛋白质组学技术筛选和鉴定白化黑线仓鼠皮肤白化相关差异蛋白质

目的比较黑线仓鼠及其白化突变系背部皮肤蛋白表达的差异,寻找差异蛋白质,从蛋白质水平探讨白化病的发生机制。方法应用双向凝胶电泳技术分离出差异蛋白质,用质谱法分析其结构与组成,通过蛋白质数据库确定差异蛋白的功能。结果从64个表达差异蛋白斑点中发现33个显著差异的蛋白点,其中又有14个差异点匹配到了有意义的蛋白质。14个差异点共鉴定出11个差异蛋白质,这些差异蛋白质按功能可分为4类:(1)糖代谢相关蛋白;(2)运输蛋白;(3)细胞骨架蛋白;(4)其他蛋白。结论黑线仓鼠与其白化突变系背部皮肤蛋白表达存在明显差异,其中一些蛋白与白化病发生相关,并可能成为白化病致病机理研究的分子标志物和药物治疗靶向位点。     

肝癌亚细胞结构的蛋白质组分比较分析

运用亚细胞蛋白质组学的研究策略,分离纯化亚细胞结构,可以提高低丰度蛋白质在双向电泳中检出的数量。通过对比分析肝癌细胞与正常肝细胞线粒体、细胞核蛋白质组的差异表达情况,为肝癌发病机理的研究提供更多、更有价值的信息。以体外培养的人体肝癌细胞QGY-7703与正常肝细胞LO2为研究模型,通过超离心的方法分离细胞的线粒体和细胞核。双向电泳分离线粒体和细胞核的蛋白质,图像分析筛选差异表达蛋白斑点,MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定蛋白质。从线粒体、细胞核的蛋白质电泳图谱中筛选出54个候选差异表达的蛋白质斑点,质谱鉴定出22种差异表达蛋白质,其中17种在肝癌细胞中表达上调,5种在肝癌细胞中表达下调。筛选出的差异表达蛋白质涉及到细胞的能量代谢、蛋白质合成、细胞骨架与核骨架的改变、mRNA的加工成熟及凋亡调控等许多方面,表明癌变细胞的组织结构和代谢状态都发生了很大的变化。     

猪卵母细胞蛋白质组双向电泳体系的建立及初步分析

建立了猪(Sus scrofa)卵母细胞蛋白质双向电泳平台,并对裂解液的组成、样品处理、双向电泳程序等相关技术进行优化,得到清晰的微量卵母细胞蛋白质的电泳图谱.利用上述优化后的体系分别对未成熟和成熟的猪卵母细胞进行双向电泳分析,并用ImageMaser软件对图谱进行比对分析.结果表明,电泳图谱上大约有800个左右的蛋白点,其中差异蛋白35个,包括上调蛋白22个及下调蛋白13个.说明基于双向电泳的蛋白质组学可以用于卵母细胞成熟的蛋白表达差异的研究.     

吗啡成瘾及戒断大鼠前额叶皮质蛋白质组变化的初步研究

目的：探讨与大鼠吗啡成瘾和戒断相关的前额叶皮质（PFC）蛋白。方法：以固相pH梯度等电聚焦为第一向和垂直SDS-PAGE为第二向,分别对吗啡成瘾和自然戒断大鼠及正常大鼠的PFC蛋白质样品进行二维分离,2-DE图谱经ImageMaster 2D Plat-inum v5.0软件分析,选取4个差异蛋白点用基质辅助激光解吸附离子化飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）进行鉴定。结果：通过对2-DE图谱蛋白斑点的匹配及对比分析,与吗啡成瘾和自然戒断相关的差异表达蛋白斑点为79个;经质谱鉴定出2个有意义的差异表达的蛋白斑点：Snap25亚型-βSnap25突触相关蛋白25,β-肌动蛋白。结论：PFC的某些蛋白可能与吗啡成瘾和戒断相关,其中尤其是神经毒性相关的蛋白可能与吗啡成瘾机制相关。     

Bacillus subtilis自然感受态缺陷株蛋白质表达谱的初步分析

利用蛋白质双向电泳对枯草芽孢杆菌自然感受态缺陷突变株BR151pm感受态形成期的全细胞蛋白质进行比较分析,发现有28个蛋白质斑点出现变化。利用基质辅助激光解析/电离串联飞行时间质谱对其巾2个明显缺失的蛋白斑点进行分析鉴定,确定这2个蛋白质分别为直接参与自然感受态形成的Nin蛋白和RecA蛋白,进一步确证了BR151pm为自然感受态缺陷突变株。     

Bacillus subtilis自然感受态缺陷株蛋白质表达谱的初步分析

利用蛋白质双向电泳对枯草芽孢杆菌自然感受态缺陷突变株BR151pm感受态形成期的全细胞蛋白质进行比较分析,发现有28个蛋白质斑点出现变化。利用基质辅助激光解析/电离串联飞行时间质谱对其巾2个明显缺失的蛋白斑点进行分析鉴定,确定这2个蛋白质分别为直接参与自然感受态形成的Nin蛋白和RecA蛋白,进一步确证了BR151pm为自然感受态缺陷突变株。     

口虾蛄性腺组织蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立及优化

旨在通过口虾蛄雄性、雌性性腺组织蛋白质双向电泳技术体系的优化,获得雄性、雌性口虾蛄性腺蛋白质的表达图谱。结果表明,不同的蛋白提取方法,上样前处理方法,上样量,聚焦时间及雌、雄性口虾蛄性腺蛋白表达图谱存在一定的差异。雌性、雄性口虾蛄用Tris-HCl提取后用丙酮沉淀方法提取蛋白质、不经上样缓冲液处理、上样量为10μg时,得到较好图谱。对图谱分析发现在pH4-6.5范围内,雌性口虾蛄性腺可溶性蛋白质种类多于雄性。雄性口虾蛄蛋白质点相对于雌性较少,且蛋白质大部分分布于酸性端。经过蛋白质双向电泳体系的优化,能显著提高双向电泳图谱的分辨率,为进一步研究口虾蛄性别差异表达蛋白的筛选,后续的口虾蛄蛋白质组学研究提供技术保障。     

Identification of protein components from the mature ovary of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

The gonads of sea urchins are a high value seafood product, with considerable research being undertaken worldwide on the development of sea urchin aquaculture. As the best prices are obtained for specific gonad attributes, research has also focused on the development of artificial diets that enhance gonad quality and quantity. Total protein has been used as a measure of gonad quality; yet no studies to date have applied proteomics technology to diet development. Here we use a MudPIT and 2-DE approach to describe the major proteins in mature ovaries of a New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. This tissue, which is a target seafood product, contained 138 proteins that were identified from the recently completed sea urchin genome (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) with high confidence. The majority of these proteins had general functions, with only 12 related to ovarian reproductive function. Eighteen proteins were located on the 2-DE; four of these were directly identified from S. purpuratus protein sequences. In combination this paper shows that the genome resources of S. purpuratus can be used to identify proteins in sea urchins from different families; describes the proteome of E. chloroticus mature ovary; and, provides proteomic tools for analysis of gonads from other edible sea urchins.     

温敏性品种雌雄蚁蚕蛋白质双向电泳图谱差异分析

为探讨温敏性品种限伴雌雄蚁体蛋白组分的差异, 对刚孵出的雌（黑色）、雄（赤色）蚁体蛋白用双向电泳的技术和方法进行蛋白组分的比较分析。结果显示:在易溶蛋白中, 雄蚁和雌蚁分别检测到269和250个蛋白点, 能相互匹配的蛋白点占86.71％, 特异蛋白雄蚁有43个, 雌蚁有25个。在难溶蛋白中, 雄蚁和雌蚁分别检测到370和427个蛋白点, 能互相匹配的占80.10％, 雄、雌蚁的特异蛋白分别为52个和106个。结果表明雌雄蚁体的蛋白组成存在差异。     

失血性休克大鼠肝脏蛋白质的差异分析

 应用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳 (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 2-DE) 技术,分析在急性重度失血性休克 (refractory hemorrhagic shock, RHS) 条件下,大鼠肝脏蛋白质组表达的差异.16 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分成正常对照组 (sham hemorrhage shock, SHS) 和 RHS 模型组,每组 8 只.采用股动脉放血的方法制备模型,在规定时间内处死大鼠并分离肝脏,提取肝脏总蛋白质后进行 2-DE.运用 Image Master 2D Platinum v 5.0 凝胶图像分析软件对 2-DE 凝胶图像进行差异表达分析.有意义的差异蛋白质点用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行肽质量指纹图谱分析,借助 Swiss-prot 数据库进行蛋白质搜索和鉴定.SHS 组和 RHS 组肝脏的 2-DE 图谱,分别平均识别到 698±11 和 700±13 个蛋白质点,SHS 组和 RHS 组肝脏间平均匹配率达88%～92 %.共发现 10 个差异有意义的蛋白质点,鉴定出了肿瘤抑制性抗原gp96、葡萄糖调节蛋白58、过氧还蛋白Ⅰ、细胞色素b5、谷胱甘肽转移酶、ATP合酶β亚单位、二磷酸果糖酶 B、三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶等8种蛋白质.结果表明,以 2-DE 技术得到重复性和分辨率都较好的 2-DE图谱,并初步鉴定急性重度失血性休克后大鼠肝脏的差异表达蛋白质,为深入研究失血性休克的生理病理机制及寻找失血性休克预防和治疗的生物标志物提供了依据.     

Proteomic Screening of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. For detection of antigens from Haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. Reactivity bands and 2-DE immunoblotting were performed following 2-DE electrophoresis to identify protein spots. The proteome of the partially fed female had a larger number of lower molecular weight proteins than that of the unfed female tick. The total number of detected spots was 818 for unfed and 670 for partially fed female ticks. The 2-DE immunoblotting identified 10 antigenic spots from unfed females and 8 antigenic spots from partially fed females. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) of relevant spots identified calreticulin, putative secreted WC salivary protein, and a conserved hypothetical protein from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and Swiss Prot protein sequence databases. These findings indicate that most of the whole body components of these ticks are non-immunogenic. The data reported here will provide guidance in the identification of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by H. longicornis.     

Proteomics Associated with Virulence Differentiation of Curvularia lunata in Maize in China

One-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) of proteins, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of proteins and cloning of cDNA sequence were used to study the virulence differentiation of Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed. isolated from maize (Zea maydis L.) in China. From 1-DE gel profiles of proteins, 110 reproducible bands were separated from six isolates of C. lunata CX-3, SD-6, C-152, C107-1, DD-60 and W-18. Sixty-eight bands (61.82%) were polymorphic,suggesting huge biodiversities among the isolates. All isolates for the experiment were clustered into three groups consisting of different virulent types by coefficient value of 0.605. Group 1, consisting of CX-3, SD-6 and C-152 with high virulence displayed more protein bands than Groups 2 and 3, consisting of C107-1 and DD-60 with low virulence. Proteomics approaches based on 2-DE techniques were applied to identify specific proteins associated with the virulence differentiation in CX-3 and DD-60. A total of 423 protein spots were separated. Out of them 75 specific protein spots were displayed in 2-DE gels. Among them 28 protein spots were unique in CX-3 and eight in DD-60, and 39 protein spots were shown on both 2-DE gels but expressed differently in intensity. Twenty protein spots including three unique protein spots and 17 differentially expressed protein spots (more than two-fold DD-60) in CX-3 were further identified with MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Results indicated that most of the identified proteins were found to be associated with virulence differentiation, metabolisms, stress response and signal transduction.One of them was identified as Brn1 protein, which had been reported to be related to melanin biosynthesis and the virulence differentiation in fungi. Combined with our previous findings, we assumed that Brn1 protein and its regulating products might be involved in the virulence differentiation of C. lunata. Consequently, we cloned a Brn1 cDNA fragment and aligned it with the fragments in other fungi. Results indicated that the 633-bp sequence of Brn1 cloned in C. lunata was highly homological with the compared fungi. Further work for the exact gene roles of Brn1 in our case is underway.