毒蛇咬伤致凝血功能障碍研究进展

正毒蛇咬伤为常见临床急诊,以夏秋季多发,常年均可发生。毒蛇咬伤后除局部出现中毒症状外还可导致凝血功能障碍、多器官功能不全(MODS)等全身症状,严重者可危及生命安全。因此,毒蛇咬伤的早期救治尤为关键。本文就毒蛇咬伤引起凝血功能损害的研究进展作一综述,为临床救治提供参考。1蛇和蛇毒世界上有蛇2000多种,其中我国有170余种,有近50     

毒蛇咬伤救治的几点认识

蛇伤（snakebite）是我科常见的急诊意外伤害,通过这些年来的临床实践,对毒蛇咬伤的有关中毒机制、临床表现、诊断以及救治谈几点体会和认识。     

毒蛇咬伤患者院前程序化急救与护理

毒蛇咬伤是临床常见急症之一,病情变化迅速,致残致死率高,因此做好蛇伤病人早期救治显得十分必要。而院前急救是蛇伤治疗前期的一个关键性步骤,对毒蛇咬伤的预后影响较大。有资料表明,毒蛇咬伤患者的死亡原因之一是由     

银环蛇咬伤救治及研究进展

银环蛇咬伤在我国占各类毒蛇咬伤的8·12%,居第五位。随着毒理学的研究进展,发病机理明确,抗蛇毒血清的应用及综合治疗,蛇伤的死亡率明显下降,然而,就诊延误或救治不当,银环蛇伤仍是各类毒蛇伤病死率之首。现将近年的救治研究进展加以综述和总结,以期为有效地救治银环蛇咬伤有所帮助。1银环蛇咬伤的流行病学银环蛇咬伤的流行病学变化很大。根据国家卫生部资料显示,南方几省近5年毒蛇咬伤危重病人中,伤18万人,死亡2·5万人,且蛇伤病人每年以3%的速度逐年上升,已构成常见急诊之一[1]。银环蛇咬伤在我国占各类毒蛇咬伤的8·12%,居第五位,而死亡…     

80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特点及急诊救治

目的总结分析80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特点及急诊救治经验。方法收集80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的临床资料,分析其临床特点并总结救治经验和体会。结果 80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤抢救成功率100%,痊愈率100%,总有效率100%。结论综合治疗神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的疗效显著。早期使用氧疗和机械辅助呼吸以及抗蛇毒血清等治疗方法是神经毒类毒蛇咬伤呼吸衰竭抢救成功的关键。     

基于动物学、临床医学跨界研究快速准确诊断1例不明蛇类咬伤的分析

目的 探讨动物学、临床医学跨界研究成果联合运用于快速准确诊断不明蛇类咬伤中的作用及效果.方法 通过回顾性分析1例不明蛇类咬伤患者的临床资料,从病史、动物学生活习性、咬痕鉴别、流行病学、临床表现、蛇类动物学分布6个方面进行剖析不明蛇类咬伤的诊断思路与方法.结果 该例蛇伤患者的病史特征以及诊断与鉴别诊断:(1)病史特征符合...     

儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点与程序化救治的疗效观察

目的通过分析儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点,评价程序化综合救治方法对儿童毒蛇咬伤的疗效。方法通过观察17例毒蛇咬伤儿童的临床特点,尽早进行病情预测,同时根据毒蛇咬伤的临床病情分型予程序化综合救治。监测病情变化、伤口愈合情况及平均住院时间。结果儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点为不明种类毒蛇咬伤多,症状较成人严重,易发生并发症。经过早期程序化综合救治总有效率100%,伤口渗血、肿胀明显缓解,无1例死亡,平均留观时间4.5天。结论根据儿童毒蛇咬伤特点,早期准确预测和尽快应用程序化救治能提高毒蛇咬伤疗效。     

中西医结合救治毒蛇咬伤呼吸停止23例

目的 总结23例毒蛇咬伤呼吸停止的救治经验.方法 分析23例毒蛇咬伤呼吸停止的临床资料,总结其救治的经验和体会.结果 23例毒蛇咬伤呼吸停止抢救成功率100%.23例中,痊愈22例,好转1例,痊愈率95.65%,总有效率100%.结论 毒蛇咬伤呼吸停止抢救成功的关键在于"四早",即早期正确判断致伤蛇种,早期严密监测病情,早期应用相应抗蛇毒血清,早期使用氧疗和机械辅助呼吸.     

中华眼镜蛇咬伤致CK及超敏C反应蛋白改变的中西医结合治疗研究

目的探讨桂中桂北蛇伤救治基地自主研发的蛇伤灵内服Ⅰ方、外敷Ⅱ方联合早期程序化综合治疗方法在中华眼镜蛇咬伤致患者心肌酶谱(CK)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达改变中的临床治疗效果及机制。方法将纳入研究的60例患者随机分为蛇伤灵方联合早期程序化综合治疗组和早期程序化综合治疗对照组,每组各30例,观察比较两组在心肌酶谱与超敏C反应蛋白表达方面的临床疗效。结果治疗组CK与超敏C反应蛋白表达量明显低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤具有一定优势,蛇伤灵方联合早期程序化综合治疗方法在针对中华眼镜蛇咬伤所致局部肌肉细胞损伤、全身炎性反应症状控制方面优于早期程序化综合治疗方法,疗效确切。     

116例毒蛇咬伤救治的体会

从1962～86年我们救治了116例毒蛇咬伤病人,其中男性105例,女性11例,最大57岁,最小6岁,平均31.5岁。军人和家属94例,城民6例,农民16例。竹叶青咬伤81例,占70％,银环蛇咬伤6例,占5％,眼镜蛇咬伤5例,占4.3％,蝮蛇咬伤和龟壳花蛇咬伤各1例,占1.6％。不清22例,占19％。由于及时早期处理和治疗,无一例死亡。通过对116例毒蛇咬伤救治的分析,我们认为,对毒蛇咬伤的救治必须抓住两点,1.普及蛇伤局部除毒的早期急救处理知识,做到家喻户晓,人人皆知,蛇伤残废及死亡率将大大降低。2.做好蛇伤后危重症的抢救工作,挽救一些处理不及时,中毒严重的垂危病人。由于部队经常进行蛇伤现场自救互救的宣划工作,所以部队及家属蛇伤后院外处理率达97.8％(92/94),而当地人为59％(13/22)。伤肢院外及时处理,对于如未伤及血管,蛇毒沿着组织间、淋巴管扩散是很重要的一步。它     

广西竹叶青蛇伤的临床特征探讨

目的探讨广西竹叶青蛇伤后的临床特征,为临床诊治提供较合理依据。方法选择被竹叶青蛇咬伤的急诊患者55例的临床资料并分析临床特征。结果 55例竹叶青蛇伤患者分别按咬伤地点与临床分型比较(χ2=18.03,P0.01),竹叶青蛇属(竹叶青和白唇竹叶青)与临床分型比较(χ2=24.67,P0.01)及咬伤地点与竹叶青蛇属比较(χ2=24.80,P0.01),差异均有统计学意义,咬伤地点与竹叶青蛇属呈中度正相关(rs=0.67);竹叶青蛇咬伤按临床分型比较血液学变化有统计学意义(均P0.01),其中血小板(PLT)、白细胞(WBC)各型比较均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论竹叶青蛇伤主要在城市花园草丛、田间地头等地点发生,伤后临床分型绝大多数为轻型,少数为重型和危重型;白唇竹叶青蛇伤地点主要在深山老林,伤后临床分型以危重型、重型为主,少数为轻型。咬伤地点与临床分型和蛇种属有很大差异性,可为临床诊治提供参考依据。竹叶青蛇伤致血液功能障碍,甚至出现类DIC;除分型标准外,患者WBC的增高程度可作为严重程度的参考指标。     

蛇伤性溃疡中西医结合高压氧治疗的体会

目的总结中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的临床疗效。方法对我院收治的27例蛇伤性溃疡患者在全身支持治疗、伤口局部清创、外用及湿敷中药治疗外,并给予高压氧治疗。结果 27例蛇伤性溃疡患者均治愈出院,治愈率100%。结论中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的疗效确切,值得临床借鉴及推广。     

龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征与综合救治

目的探讨龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征和综合救治措施。方法回顾性分析我院2006-2011年资料完整的458例蛇伤住院患者的临床资料。结果458例急诊蛇伤患者中,死亡6例,病死率1．3％,致伤蛇种以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头、眼镜蛇、银环蛇、眼镜王蛇为主,近年来还发现一些罕见蛇类如白头蝰蛇、红脖颈槽蛇咬伤病例;掌握了我市蛇伤的发病季节、致伤人群、致伤部位及转归。结论初步掌握了龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征,并提出了有效的综合救治措施,为今后开展蛇伤的防治、教学、科研提供了科学依据。     

子宫内膜异位症的临床诊断及治疗新进展

子宫内膜异位症是至今为止仍让人迷茫的疾病,现在引起人们越来越多地关注。内异症是一种进展性疾病,国内外医疗界学者试图将其早期诊断彻底治愈,但结果颇为不佳。通过临床的不断摸索,期望更全面更合理的诊断与治疗系统问世。目前其发病机制尚未彻底阐明,而在其诊断及治疗方面也缺乏特异性的方法,现就其诊断及治疗进展综述如下。     

Are synovial biopsies of diagnostic value?

Synovial tissue is readily accessible by closed needle or arthroscopic biopsy. These techniques provide adequate tissue for most diagnostic requirements. Examination of synovial tissue can assist in the diagnosis of some joint infections, and in several atypical or rare synovial disorders. Histological confirmation is not normally required for diagnosis of the common forms of inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In patients with either established or early RA, immunohistological measures of inflammation in synovial tissue are associated with clinical measures of disease activity, may predict the clinical outcome, and change in response to treatment. Surrogate markers of disease activity and outcome that have been identified in synovial tissue include components of the cellular infiltrate, and several mediators of inflammation and matrix degradation. There is evidence that the very early introduction of disease-modifying therapy inhibits progressive structural damage maximally. Clinicians exploiting this 'window of opportunity' therefore require very early indicators of the diagnosis and outcome in patients who present with an undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis. Some immunohistological features have been described that distinguish patients who are likely to develop progressive RA and who might benefit most from early aggressive therapeutic intervention. In this regard, the inclusion of pharmacogenomic and proteomic techniques in the analysis of synovial tissue presents some exciting possibilities for future research.     

毒蛇咬伤对患者凝血功能的影响及诊疗分析

目的观察毒蛇咬伤对患者凝血功能的影响,并探讨有效的诊疗方法。方法对2014年9月~2015年9月我院收治的200例毒蛇咬伤患者凝血功能的变化情况进行研究,主要包括变化的类型、变化种类数量、出现异常的时间和好转时间,并分析诊疗过程及诊疗效果。结果毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能会受到不同程度的影响,其中纤维蛋白原(Fib)减少较明显,异常持续时间一般在72h以内,少数患者超过72h;患者入院后立即实施伤口清理、注射抗蛇毒血清、连续肾脏替代(CRRT治疗)等诊疗措施。经治疗后,患者均恢复出院。结论毒蛇咬伤可引起明显的凝血功能异常,及时采取有效的治疗措施,可明显提高治疗效果,促进康复。     

Do we have any solid evidence of clinical utility about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia?

A diagnosis of schizophrenia, as in most of psychiatric practice, is made largely by eliciting symptoms with reference to subjective, albeit operationalized, criteria. This diagnosis then provides some rationale for management. Objective diagnostic and therapeutic tests are much more desirable, provided they are reliably measured and interpreted. Definite advances have been made in our understanding of schizophrenia in recent decades, but there has been little consideration of how this information could be used in clinical practice. We review here the potential utility of the strongest and best replicated risk factors for and manifestations of schizophrenia within clinical, epidemiological, cognitive, blood biomarker and neuroimaging domains. We place particular emphasis on the sensitivity, specificity and predictive power of pathophysiological indices for making a diagnosis, establishing an early diagnosis or predicting treatment response in schizophrenia. We conclude that a number of measures currently available have the potential to increase the rigour of clinical assessments in schizophrenia. We propose that the time has come to more fully evaluate these and other well replicated abnormalities as objective potential diagnostic and prognostic guides, and to steer future clinical, therapeutic and nosological research in this direction.     

Melanoma: Where we are and where we go

Melanoma is known as an aggressive tumor which shows an increasing incidence and poor prognosis in the metastatic phase. Hence, it seems that diagnosis and effective management (including early diagnosis, choosing of the effective therapeutic platform, caring, and training of patients for early detection) are major aspects of melanoma therapy. Early detection of melanoma is a key point for melanoma therapy. There are various diagnosis options such as assessing of biopsy, imaging techniques, and biomarkers (i.e., several proteins, polymorphism, and liquid biopsy). Among the various biomarkers, assessing circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, cell-free RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful diagnosis tools for melanoma patients. Deregulations of these molecules are associated with melanoma pathogenesis. After detection of melanoma, choosing of effective therapeutic regimen is a key step for recovery of melanoma patients. Several studies indicated that various therapeutic approaches including surgery, immunotherapy, systematic therapy, radiation therapy and antibodies therapy could be used as potential therapeutic candidates for melanoma therapy. Caring for melanoma patients is one of the important components of melanoma therapy. Caring and training for melanoma patients could contribute to better monitoring of patients in response to various therapeutic options. Here, we summarized various diagnosis approaches such as assessing biopsy, imaging techniques, and utilization of various biomarkers (i.e., proteins, CTCs, cfDNAs, and miRNAs) as a diagnostic biomarker for detection and monitoring patients with melanoma. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic options and caring aspects in patients with melanoma.     

毒蛇咬伤患者院前早期程序化急救处理方案的应用观察

目的探讨毒蛇咬伤患者院前早期程序化急救处理方案的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院58例毒蛇咬伤患者应用院前早期程序化急救处理方案的临床资料。结果 58例毒蛇咬伤患者经院前早期程序化急救处理后,痊愈出院53例,好转3例,自动出院1例,院前死亡2例（眼镜王蛇咬伤1例,银环蛇咬伤1例）。结论院前急救是蛇伤治疗前期的一个关键性步骤,院前早期程序化急救处理方案应用于蛇伤患者,有利于提高抢救成功率。     

Research strategies to improve snakebite treatment: challenges and progress

Antivenom is an effective treatment of snakebite but, because of the complex interplay of fiscal, epidemiological, therapeutic efficacy and safety issues, the mortality of snakebite remains unacceptably high. Efficiently combating this high level of preventable death amongst the world's most disadvantaged communities requires the globally-coordinated action of multiple intervention programmes. This is the overall objective of the Global Snakebite Initiative. This paper describes the challenges facing the research community to develop snakebite treatments that are more efficacious, safe and affordable than current therapy.