心衰心脏收缩蛋白分子变化及与收缩力的关系

采用ＤＯＣＡ硅胶管皮下埋入法建立大鼠心衰模型,从基因转录水平检测正常与心衰大鼠心肌组织中心肌收缩蛋白分子基因α－ＭＨＣ、β－ＭＨＣ、α－ｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ、α－ｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌａｃｔｉｎ表达的变化。结果显示：（１）心衰大鼠心肌收缩力指标ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ较正常大鼠明显降低（下降２７．５１％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,（２）心衰大鼠与正常大鼠相比,心肌组织中α－ＭＨＣ基因表达水平显著下降（降低２１．４３％,Ｐ＜０．０５）,β－ＭＨＣ基因表达水平显著升高（升高６２．４３％,Ｐ＜０．０１）、α－ｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ基因和α－ｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌａｃｔｉｎ基因表达水平未见明显改变,（３）α－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与心肌收缩力指标ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ值之间存在正相关关系（ｒ＝０．４１４３,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）,β－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ值之间存在负相关关系。（ｒ＝－０．３９０２,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。这提示：心肌组织中ＭＨＣ基因表达水平的改变是心衰时心肌收缩力降低的主要分子基础     

心衰时心肌收缩蛋白分子基因表达和心肌收缩力的相互关系

目的和方法：本文通过ＤＯＣＡ硅胶管皮下埋入法建立大鼠心力衰竭模型,比较正常与心衰大鼠心肌收缩力的变化。采用ＲＮＡｓｌｏｔｂｌｏｔ杂交从基因转录水平检测正常与心衰大鼠心肌组织中心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ与αＭＨＣ表达的变化。结果：（１）心衰大鼠心肌收缩力较正常大鼠明显降低;（２）心衰大鼠与正常大鼠相比,心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ表达水平未见有统计学意义的变化,而αＭＨＣ表达水平呈显著降低（下降２１．３０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）αＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关（ｒ＝０．４１４３,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：αＭＨＣ基因表达水平的下降是心衰时心肌收缩力减退的主要分子基础之一,且与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关     

双肾双夹肾性高血压大鼠左心室肌球蛋白重链同型异构 …

目的和方法：测定双肾双夹（２Ｋ２Ｃ）肾性高血压大鼠早期,左心室α－肌球蛋白重链（α－ＭＨＣ）和β－肌球蛋白重链（β－ＭＨＣ）ｍＲＮＡ水平的变化。实验分四组：对照组、２Ｋ２Ｃ组、巯甲丙脯酸组、巯甲丙脯酸对照组。术后２４ｈ、３６ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ测动脉血压,提取左心室中样本取８．０μｇ,与＾３２Ｐ标记的α－ＭＨＣ和β－ＭＨＣ ｃＤＮＡ探针作班点杂交。结果：高血压大鼠左心室α－ＭＨＣ ｍＲＡ水平明显降低     

β_1-肾上腺素受体表达的增加未能保护异丙肾上腺素损伤的大鼠心肌细胞

本文旨在观察转染β1-肾上腺素受体(β1-adrenoceptor,β1-AR)基因对异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline,ISO)损伤的大鼠心肌细胞收缩功能和存活的影响。采用胶原酶消化法分离培养原代大鼠心肌细胞,转染含β1-AR基因的腺病毒后,用ISO孵育24h致心肌细胞损伤,采用Westernblot检测心肌细胞β1-AR蛋白的含量,通过计数培养细胞中杆状细胞的百分率来检测心肌细胞存活率,用可视化边缘探测系统检测心肌细胞收缩功能变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,转染β1-AR基因的心肌细胞β1-AR蛋白含量明显增加(P0.01);转染β1-AR基因并用ISO损伤的心肌细胞内β1-AR蛋白含量亦明显增加(P0.01)。与对照组相比,转染β1-AR基因的心肌细胞存活率没有明显变化,ISO损伤的心肌细胞存活率明显下降(P0.01);而转染β1-AR基因并用ISO损伤的心肌细胞存活率与ISO组比进一步下降(P0.01)。与对照组相比,转染β1-AR基因的心肌细胞收缩幅度显著增大(P0.05),ISO损伤的心肌细胞收缩幅度明显下降(P0.01);而转染β1-AR基因并用ISO损伤的心肌细胞的收缩幅度与ISO组比没有明显变化。以上结果提示,β1-AR的表达增加对ISO损伤的大鼠心肌细胞的保护作用不明显。     

自由基损伤红细胞膜分子的机理研究

为探明自由基对红细胞膜脂质及蛋白分子损伤机理,本文通过电子自旋共振波谱仪（ＥＳＲ）、激光拉曼波谱仪、圆二色波谱仪（ＣＤ）、显微付立叶变换红外波谱仪（ＭＦＴ－ＩＲ）和表面电子能谱分析系统（ＥＳＣＡ）分别对体外自由基作用３０分钟后,及作用后３小时红细胞膜整体结构、膜蛋白分子及脂质分子进行了分析。结果发现,自由基作用后①红细胞膜中β－胡萝卜素构象由伸展变为卷曲,提示膜整体结构改变,②膜蛋白分子二级结构变化,表现为α螺旋减少和β折叠增加,③膜蛋白分子二硫键与巯基的比例增加（Ｓ－Ｓ／ＳＨ）、亚氨基（ＮＨ）和羰基含量改变,同时蛋白分子的氢键也被破坏（如ＮＨ、ＣＯＨ等基团的减少和ＮＣ、ＣＯ的增加）,④膜脂分子磷氧双键（Ｐ＝Ｏ）成分、羰基成分（Ｃ＝Ｏ）、碳－碳双键（Ｃ＝Ｃ）成分降低;说明自由基导致红细胞膜蛋白及脂质分子化学结构改变是造成膜分子构象及膜整体结构改变的根本原因。３小时后无论是膜蛋白二级结构、二硫键与巯基比或膜脂分子Ｐ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｃ不仅没有恢复,反而有加重趋势。这说明了自由基损伤的部分不可逆性     

运动对高血压性肥大心脏心肌肌球蛋白重链基因表达的影响

研究运动逆转高血压肥大心脏心肌肌球蛋白重链（ｍｙｏｓｉｎ ｈｅａｖｙ ｃｈａｉｎ ,ＭＨＣ）异型改变的分子机制。方法：采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 分子杂交方法对自发性高血压大鼠（ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ ｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｒａｔｓ,ＳＨＲ） 游泳运动１０ 周后心肌ＭＨＣ基因表达进行比较研究。结果：游泳ＳＨＲ收缩压和舒张压分别比安静ＳＨＲ 降低２２ ％ 和２５％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。左心室重／体重（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）比值两组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。游泳ＳＨＲ 心肌αＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ表达比安静ＳＨＲ增强１７％ ,βＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ 表达降低２６ ％ ,α／βＭＨＣ基因表达比值提高５９ ％ 。结论：运动逆转高血压肥大心脏心肌ＭＨＣ同型异构体转变的调控机制可发生在基因转录水平上     

大鼠肾性高血压发生过程中α和β肌球蛋白重链基因表达的变化

实验用二肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠模型,探讨心肌肥厚发生和逆转以及肌球蛋白重链（ｍｙｏｓｉｎ ｈｅａｖｙ ｃｈａｉｎ,ＭＨＣ）基因表达的改变。结果表明;（１）２Ｋ１Ｃ肾性高血压大鼠术后第２￣１２周,动脉血压持续升高;左室重量／体重（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）比值明显升高;左心室α－ＭＨＣ基因表达明显减弱;β－ＭＨＣ基因表达明显增强。（２）术后第４周给予血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、巯甲丙腈酸和术后第８周切除肾动脉狭窄侧肾     

心肌细胞膜与肌质网膜的结构功能耦联及其病理重塑机制

心脏的收缩功能依赖心肌细胞膜（包括横管）与肌质网的结构耦联以及其中L型钙通道与肌质网钙释放通道之间的钙致钙释放过程。在一些病理条件下,细胞膜与肌质网的耦联结构发生重塑,钙致钙释放机制受损,心肌细胞收缩力下降。其中,junctophilin-2等蛋白分子表达量减少是心力衰竭疾病中心肌细胞收缩能力下降的关键因素。     

胆囊收缩素对IL—1β损伤的胰岛β细胞功能的保护作用及其…

本实验在分离培养的新生在鼠胰岛上,观察了胆囊收缩素（ＣＣＫ－８）对白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）损伤的胰β细胞功能的影响。并就其机制进行初步分析,结果表明：（１）ＩＬ－１β（５,１０,２０Ｕ／ｍｌ）能抑制葡萄糖（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）刺激的胰岛素分泌其抑制作用具有量效关系,抑制率分别为５３．４％,６０．５％和７０．７％。（２）ＣＣＫ－８对ＩＬ－１损伤的胰岛β细胞的功能具有保护作用。预防性地给予ＣＣＫ－     

白介素-1 β通过JNK/p38信号-转导通路调控肾系膜细胞表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白

为探讨细胞内丝裂素原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）家族各亚类信号转导通路在炎症性细胞因子白介素－1β（IL－1β）对大鼠肾系膜细胞（rMC)表型标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－SMA）表达及其分布中的调控作用,以IL－1β（10ng/ml)刺激体外培养的rMC,用电穿孔基因转染及免疫杂交法观察IL－1β对α－SMA基因启动子活性及蛋白表达的作用,并用共聚焦荧光显微镜及透射电镜观察IL－1β刺激前后细胞内α-SMA及微丝的分布变化。通过应用PD98059和SB203580特异阻断ERK和p38通路、共转染显性失活JNKK基因特异阻断JNK通路,观察阻断对IL－1β刺激所致α-SMA表达或启动子活性的影响。结果显示,IL－1β刺激6h可明显上调α－SMA启动子活性,在1－2d内显著促进其蛋白合成;IL－1β刺激24h后,细胞内α-SMA及微丝在细胞核周的分布增加。阻断ERK通路对IL－1β诱导的α-SMA表达无明显影响;阻断JNK及p38通路均可使IL－1β诱导的α－SMA表达明显受抑;阻断p38通路的作用比阻断JNK通路更强,而且对基础状态的α-SMA表达也有抑制作用。上述结果提示,IL－1β可刺激rMC发生表型转化,其表型标志物α－SMA可通过基因转录增强而增加蛋白表达,在细胞内的分布向核周转位积聚。JNK及p38通路是介导IL－1β刺激rMC α-SMA表达的主要信号转导途径,而ERK通路不影响IL－1β的这一作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.