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漆酶的性质、功能、催化机理和应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
漆酶是一种结合多个铜离子的蛋白,是铜蓝氧化酶蛋白家族的一员。本文叙述漆酶的分子结构、底物特异性及其物理化学特性,并讨论漆酶的酶促反应机理和生物学功能,包括植物漆酶参与细胞壁的形成以及漆酶与病原菌毒力的关系。本文还着重介绍了漆酶在环境生物修复方面的应用。 相似文献
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漆酶的性质、功能、催化机理和应用 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
漆酶是一种结合多个铜离子的蛋白,是铜蓝氧化酶蛋白家族的一员。本文叙述漆酶的分子结构、底物特异性及其物理化学特性,并讨论漆酶的酶促反应机理和生物学功能,包括植物漆酶参与细胞壁的形成以及漆酶与病原菌毒力的关系。本文还着重介绍了漆酶在环境生物修复方面的应用。 相似文献
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真菌漆酶及其介体系统:来源、机理与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
漆酶是一类含铜氧化酶,广泛分布于植物、真菌、细菌、昆虫中,它们能够高效催化芳香族和非芳香族化合物氧化降解,并最终将分子氧还原为水作为副产物。一些小分子介体能够进一步提高漆酶的降解底物范围、催化效率和稳定性。它们与漆酶构成漆酶/介体系统(laccase mediator systems, LMS),能够更有效地降解非酚类、多环芳烃类等难降解化合物,在造纸制浆与漂白、染料脱色、环境脱毒等领域有着巨大的应用前景,成为近年来的研究热点之一。对漆酶的来源与功能、真菌漆酶结构与反应机理、介体类型与作用机理、LMS的应用进行了综述,以期为漆酶的应用研究提供参考。 相似文献
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漆酶(Laccase,p-diphenol dioxygen oxidoreductases,EC 1.10.3.2)是一类包含三核铜簇位点的多酚氧化还原酶,广泛存在于细菌、真菌、高等植物和昆虫体内。该类酶不仅能够促进生态系统中高分子木质素和腐殖质聚合物的生物分解,还可以催化有机体内单酚和多酚类化合物参与黑色素、木质素、黄酮类和角质层等功能酚聚合物的生物合成。漆酶介导有机物的分解代谢和合成代谢机制有益于生态环境中碳循环和生物形态发生变化。在生物体内,漆酶催化天然酚类单电子氧化形成苯氧活性自由基或醌类中间体,随后这些活性中间体发生自我偶联或交叉偶联反应,生成多种结构复杂的大分子C-C、C-O-C或C-N-C功能聚合产物。因此,通过人工模拟漆酶催化生物体内的绿色合成代谢机理和路径,合理设计和定向改造漆酶在生物体外催化酚类底物偶联形成大分子功能聚合产物的结构和特性,有望为拓展和研发漆酶在绿色合成化学中的多功能应用提供丰富的参考价值和新颖的见解思路。 相似文献
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《生物技术通报》2017,(10)
漆酶是一种含铜离子的多酚氧化酶,广泛存在于植物及真菌中。漆酶含特有的铜离子,其功能为传递结构中的电子,使漆酶具有了较强的氧化还原能力,能与木质素、胺类化合物、芳香化合物等底物发生作用,且大多数反应的唯一产物为水。目前,漆酶在降解多种有毒物质和有害污染物方面表现出高效、成本较低的特性,如白腐真菌所产的高水平漆酶已广泛成熟应用在工业废水处理等生物整治和修复领域。近年来最新研究利用载体固定化酶的技术使漆酶能够在使用后回收反复利用且更具有稳定性,这降低成本的同时还保持了漆酶催化氧化的特性,克服了不少漆酶在解决环境污染中出现的问题。利用介体的介导作用解决了漆酶氧化还原电势较低的问题,大量增多了可降解底物的种类,使其在废水处理、污染物降解、土壤修复、工业染料漂白等领域的应用前景更广阔。对现有漆酶应用于各领域进行研究总结,综述了降解各领域中的有害污染物等底物种类,提出了利用漆酶的降解过程中的现有不足和改进方向,以期为生物法降解环境污染物的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases 相似文献
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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme
responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare
the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show
that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by
distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of
demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least
one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of
the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable
potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献