一种新型的琼脂糖疏水层析介质开发及其在重组乙肝表面抗原（CHOHBsAg）分离纯化中的应用

以粒径均一的国产高交联度快速流琼脂糖为基质,采用活化、交联等步骤合成了针对分离纯化CHOHBsAg的3C间臂的丁基琼脂糖疏水介质,通过控制丁基配基密度提高分离HBsAg的纯化倍数和回收率,获得了纯化倍数约20、HBsAg回收率约80%的介质。评估了合成介质的理化性质,流速为500cm/h时柱压力小于0.06MPa,表明介质具有较高的机械强度和良好的流动性能,介质经过酸、碱、变性剂等处理后化学性质稳定。将介质合成工艺进一步放大到2L介质/批,应用到HBsAg分离纯化的三步层析整和工艺中,结果表明,批量合成的疏水介质,HBsAg回收率与进口介质相当, HBsAg终产品纯度在95%以上,符合国家药典要求。最后考察了介质合成批次间的配基密度的可控性和单批次合成介质的重复使用性,结果表明,合成工艺和介质的重复性能满足产业化要求,这种成本低的介质有望替代目前工业生产广泛使用的进口疏水介质。     

间臂和丁基密度对疏水层析分离纯化重组乙肝病毒表面抗原的影响

以国产高交联度的快流速琼脂糖为基质,合成了针对纯化中国仓鼠卵巢细胞表达乙肝病毒表面抗原(CHO-HBsAg)的不同间臂(3C、8C和10C)和不同配基密度的丁基疏水介质。配基密度的增加和间臂C链的延长都会增加介质的疏水性,从而影响其对CHO-HBsAg的分离效果。采用正交实验考察了配基密度、盐浓度、pH值三个影响因素对不同间臂疏水介质性能的影响。以分离CHO表达的乙肝病毒表面抗原(CHO-HBsAg)的收率和纯化倍数为主要指标。根据正交试验结果,分离效果最佳的介质间臂为8C、配基密度为22μmol/mL。该介质在硫酸铵浓度9%、pH7.0条件下,CHO-HBsAg的收率可以接近100%,纯化倍数达到60。     

乳腺生物反应器表达的重组人乳铁蛋白的分离纯化及生物活性鉴定

以国产高交联度的快流速琼脂糖为基质,合成了不同配基密度的SP(Sulfopropyl,磺酸基)离子交换介质,建立了乳腺生物反应器表达重组人乳铁蛋白(Recombinant Human Lactoferrin,rHLF)的纯化方法。以溶菌酶为模型蛋白考察了不同配基密度离子交换介质的静态和动态吸附行为,结果表明介质具有良好的吸附性能。不同配基密度离子交换介质均可纯化得到rHLF,其中,高配基密度(0.24mol/L)的离子交换介质每毫升可以处理50mL rHLF牛乳,rHLF收率为86.5%,纯度为98.5%。圆二色谱的测定结果表明纯化的rHLF二级结构与天然人乳铁蛋白一致。生物学功能实验结果表明,rHLF的铁结合与释放活性与天然人乳铁蛋白相似,浓度为5g/L的rHLF对大肠杆菌的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

不同配基密度离子交换介质对CHO表达的乙肝抗原纯化的影响

中华仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)表达的重组乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)为糖基化蛋白。本文主要采用多步层析法,在离子交换层析分别使用1批进口厂家A和2批国产厂家B(配基密度各不相同)的DEAE离子介质(均为交联琼脂糖含量6%,配基密度范围110-160μmol/ml)。通过对比发现,在范围内波动的不同配基密度,抗原最适洗脱盐浓度不同。配基密度越大,所需洗脱盐浓度越高。需要精确控制每种配基密度的洗脱盐浓度,在保证质量的情况下,提高抗原收率。     

蓝色染料配基亲和纯化眼镜蛇心脏毒素的研究

探索了蓝色染料（Cibacron Blue F3G-A）亲和分离中华眼镜蛇心脏毒素的可能性。采用环氧基活化法制备蓝色染料亲和介质,中性条件下提取眼镜蛇粗毒中的心脏毒素。Tricine系统SDS-PAGE多肽电泳和Lowry法蛋白定量分析纯化效果,发现蓝色染料琼脂糖一步纯化中华眼镜蛇心脏毒素的纯度达到84%,结合量为6.9mg/ml介质。这是首次利用小分子亲和配基纯化心脏毒素。与生物大分子配基相比,活性染料分子具有价格便宜,易于合成,性质稳定,不易降解和适合大规模生产等优点。     

定向合成化学配基亲和层析纯化碱性磷酸酶

设计合成一种含有碱性磷酸酶抑制剂－对氨基苄基磷酸的化学配基并将其耦联到琼脂糖凝胶上,制备出新型的亲和层析介质,分离纯化从小牛肠中提取的碱性磷酸酶。经过对不同配基浓度吸附剂碱性酸酶吸附容量的考察,确定配基浓度为６μｍｏｌ／ｇ的吸附剂具有最高的酰选择性。     

染料配基吸附层析纯化血清白蛋白

将染料分子偶联于交联琼脂糖凝胶上制成蓝色、红色和黄色等五种层析介质进行血清白蛋白分离的研究。比较了五种染料配基的吸附性能,考察了温度、pH值、蛋白质浓度和无机盐浓度对吸附血清白蛋白的影响。选择了合适的分离条件。从产妇分娩血中用染料配基吸附层析提取了人血清白蛋白(HAS)。一步分离达到电泳纯,回收率为95％,优于传统的盐析工艺。     

亲和介质及溶液条件对蛋白质溶液中内毒素去除的影响

生物制品中内毒素的去除是一项十分重要的工作。为了更好地去除各种生物制品中的内毒素,采用合成的多粘菌素B琼脂糖亲和介质,通过静态吸附的方法去除蛋白质溶液中的内毒素。重点考察了介质的间臂长度、配基密度以及各种溶液条件(pH值、盐种类和浓度、蛋白质种类和浓度、内毒素浓度、添加剂等)对内毒素去除率及蛋白质回收率的影响。分别采用动态浊度法和Lowry法检测内毒素含量和蛋白质浓度。结果表明该介质具有载量高、去除速度快、去除率高、可重复使用的特点。此外,配基密度、pH值、盐浓度和蛋白质特性(等电点和疏水性)对内毒素去除效果均有重要影响。在优化的条件下,血红蛋白、人血清白蛋白和溶菌酶的回收率分别达到87.2%、73.4%和97.3%,相应的内毒素去除率分别达到99.8%、97.9%和99.7%。阐明了各种因素对内毒素去除率和蛋白质回收率的影响规律,为生物制品中内毒素的高效去除提供了参考。     

用壳聚糖亲和磁性微球纯化血浆凝血酶的研究

通过化学共沉淀法合成纳米粒子Fe3O4磁核,以壳聚糖为包裹材料包被自制的磁核,采用乳化交联法制备了具有核-壳结构的磁性高分子微球-壳聚糖磁性微球,并偶联肝素配基得到了一种新型亲和磁性微球,应用SEM、FT-IR、XRD等对微球的粒径、形貌、结构和磁响应性进行了表征.考察了该亲和磁性微球对凝血酶的分离纯化性能,并与传统的DEAE离子交换色谱法进行了比较.结果表明,所得亲和磁性微球具有较窄的粒径分布、形状规整,粒径在50nm左右.对凝血酶一步吸附纯化获得了比活为1879.71U/mg的酶,得率85%,纯化倍数11.057,而传统柱层析法得率为72%,纯化倍数仅为5.33.制备了壳聚糖亲和磁性微球,并将磁分离技术应用于凝血酶的分离纯化,得到了较好的效果,这将对于凝血酶的纯化及生产具有一定参考价值.     

Matrex Cellufine Sulfate在重组HBsAg纯化中的应用

建立纯化重组CHO细胞HBsAg的新工艺。将含有HBsAg的重组CHO细胞培养收获液,采用Butyl S Sepharose疏水作用柱层析、Matrex Cellufine Sulfate亲和柱层析、Sepharose 4FF凝胶过滤柱层析进行纯化,得到HBsAg纯品,该HBsAg经检定合格。HBsAg回收率为72％。     

A highly efficient integrated chromatographic procedure for the purification of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen from Hansenula polymorpha

The high expression level of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen obtained from Hansenula polymorpha yeast cell (Hans-HBsAg) made it possible to produce HBsAg vaccine in a large scale and by cost-effective process. However, the present available purification process was somewhat tedious, time-consuming and difficult to scale up. To improve the purification efficiency and simplify the purification process, an integrated chromatographic process was developed and optimized. The downstream process included ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). A series of chromatographic adsorbents were evaluated for their performances on the purification of Hans-HBsAg, and then the suitable adsorbents for IEC and HIC were screened out, respectively. After clarification by centrifugation, the supernatant of cell disruption (SCD) was purified by standard chromatographic steps, IEC on DEAE Sepharose FF, HIC on Butyl-S-QZT and GFC on Sepharose 4FF. Furthermore, HBsAg recovery, purification factor (PF) and purity during the downstream process were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The results demonstrated that in the scale of 550ml SCD, the total HBsAg recovery and PF of the whole procedure were about 21.0+/-0.9% and 80.7+/-8.4 (n=3) respectively, with the purity of above 99%. This new downstream process was efficient, reproducible and relatively easy to be scaled up.     

聚乙二醇伴随式离子交换层析分离重组乙肝病毒表面抗原

对由中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)表达的多聚亚基蛋白HBsAg在离子交换层析过程中容易因亚基解离而导致蛋白解聚和丧失生物活性的难题,实验中选择聚乙二醇（PEG）作为保护剂伴随式（Polyethylene Glycol-Accompanied）离子交换层析分离纯化HBsAg。实验表明,在流动相中加入1% PEG10000(W/V)作为纯化伴侣, HBsAg的回收率由55% 左右提高到80%以上,纯化倍数基本保持在12左右。对纯化产物进行SDS_PAGE分析表明,1% PEG10000的纯化伴侣伴随式离子交换层析能全部保留HBsAg的糖基化蛋白单体（27kD和30kD）,高效液相色谱联用多角度激光散射(High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography_Multiangle Laser Light Scattering, HPSEC-MALLS )进一步分析阐明了PEG能促使HBsAg颗粒尺寸分布更均一,结构更接近天然乙肝表面抗原。     

A highly efficient hydrophobic interaction chromatographic absorbent improved the purification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) derived from Hansenula polymorpha cell

To improve the purification efficiency of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen derived from Hansenula polymorpha (Hans-HBsAg), a serial of absorbents for hydrophobic interaction chromatography with the controllable ligand density and spacer arm were synthesized, then developed and further applied to purify Hans-HBsAg. The absorbent, Butyl-S QZT with the ligand density of 25 μmol/(g wet gel) and spacer arm of 3C, was screened out and its physical and chemical properties were evaluated. High rigidity and low backpressure (<0.06 MPa) were obtained at the flow rate up to 20 ml/min. Moreover, it has the stable chemical characteristics of subjecting to high concentrations of acid, alkali and detergents. This HIC absorbent was further applied to purify Hans-HBsAg with the recovery 94% and purification-fold 9 under the optimized operation condition at pH 6.5 and concentration of ammonium sulfate 7.5%. Finally, the HIC adsorbent of Butyl-S QZT was applied in the integrated three-step chromatographic purification process to purify Hans-HBsAg. About 140 mg of purified Hans-HBsAg was obtained from 1 l cell disruption supernatant at the total recovery of 27% and the purification-fold of 151.8. Based on the assay of SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC, the purity of the purified HBsAg was over 99% to meet the requirement for the further inoculation use.     

重组CHO细胞HBsAg 纯化工艺的优化

目的：优化重组CHO细胞HBsAg纯化工艺。方法：由乙肝病毒S基因转化的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞培养收液,经初步提纯、密度梯度离心、凝胶过滤层析可得到HBsAg纯品。结果：通过凝胶过滤层析收取HBsAg活性峰,控制HBsAg活性峰的收量,并把HBsAg活性峰的下降段再收集起来重新层析,改进后可使HBsAg的总回收率达到60％以上,而且牛血清蛋白残余量达到10mg/ml以下,HBsAg纯度97％以上。结论：重组CHO细胞HBsAg纯化工艺改进后,使HBsAg在产量及质量上均有明显提高。     

Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Rheum palmatum L. Ethanol Extract in a Stable HBV-producing Cell

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a severe health problem in the world.However,there is still not a satisfactory therapeutic strategy for the HBV infection.To search for new anti-HBV agents with higher efficacy and less side-effects,the inhibitory activities of traditional Chinese medicine Rheum palmatum L.ethanol extract(RPE) against HBV replication were investigated in this study.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was employed to analyze the inhibitory activity of RPE against HBV-DNA replication in a stable HBV-producing cell line HepAD38; the expression levels of HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) and e antigen(HBeAg) were also determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) after RPE treatment.RPE could dose-dependently inhibit the production of HBV-DNA and HBsAg.The concentration of 50% inhibition(IC50) was calculated at 209.63,252.53 μg/mL,respectively.However,its inhibitory activity against HBeAg expression was slight even at high concentrations.RPE had a weak cytotoxic effect on HepAD38 cells(CC50 = 1 640 μg/mL) and the selectivity index(SI) was calculated at 7.82.Compared with two anthraquinone derivatives emodin and rhein,RPE showed higher ability of anti-HBV and weaker cytotoxicity.So Rheum palmatum L.might possess other functional agents which could effectively inhibit HBV-DNA replication and HBsAg expression.Further purification of the active agents,identification and modification of their structures to improve the efficacy and decrease the cytotoxicity are required.     

Rapid isolation of kestose by low-pressure chromatography after enzymatic synthesis with invertase

By using a two-step protocol involving flash chromatography on silica gel-60 and gel filtration on Biogel P2 we isolated 56 g pure kestose/L after enzymatic synthesis with 115 U invertase in media containing 50% (w/w) sucrose and 90% (v/v) butyl acetate. The isolated product is homogenous after high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and is suitable for downstream utilization without further purification.     

一条新的柱层析纯化路径对HBsAg免疫原性的影响

摘要目的：建立一条新的毕赤酵母表达乙肝表面抗原（HepatitisBantigen,HBsAg）柱层析纯化方法,保持HBsAg结构完整性和提高免疫原性。方法：毕赤酵母发酵料液经过菌体破碎、聚乙二醇沉淀、疏水层析、超滤和凝胶分子筛精纯,收集HBsAg合格样品液适当稀释后加入铝佐荆吸附,制成乙肝疫苗半成品免疫BALB／c小鼠。结果：纯化产物经SDS-PAGE银染鉴定得单一条带,分子量在23kD左右,凝胶成像软件分析纯度超过95％;该纯化方法得到的HBsAg颗粒电镜观察得平均直径为22nm病毒样颗粒,结构较均一完整;自制疫苗免疫小鼠后,其血清抗体水平高于葛兰素史克生产的Engerix—B（安在时）,存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：通过该方法纯化的HBsAg结构完整性良好,疫苗免疫效果优于酵母表达的Engerix—B,纯化路径简单高效,易于放大用于工业化生产。     

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rheum palmatum</Emphasis> L. ethanol extract in a stable HBV-producing cell line

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a severe health problem in the world. However, there is still not a satisfactory therapeutic strategy for the HBV infection. To search for new anti-HBV agents with higher efficacy and less side-effects, the inhibitory activities of traditional Chinese medicine Rheum palmatum L. ethanol extract(RPE) against HBV replication were investigated in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was employed to analyze the inhibitory activity of RPE against HBV-DNA replication in a stable HBV-producing cell line HepAD38; the expression levels of HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) and e antigen(HBeAg) were also determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) after RPE treatment. RPE could dose-dependently inhibit the production of HBV-DNA and HBsAg. The concentration of 50% inhibition(IC₅₀) was calculated at 209.63, 252.53 μg /mL, respectivel y. However, its inhibitory activity against HBeAg expression was slight even at high concentrations. RPE had a weak cytotoxic effect on HepAD38 cells(CC₅₀ = 1 640 μg /mL) and the selectivity index(SI) was calculated at 7.82. Compared with two anthraquinone derivatives emodin and rhein, RPE showed higher ability of anti-HBV and weaker cytotoxicity. So Rheum palmatum L. might possess other functional agents which could effectively inhibit HBV-DNA replication and HBsAg expression. Further purification of the active agents, identification and modification of their structures to improve the efficacy and decrease the cytotoxicity are required.     

Purification and detection of multiple forms of histidine decarboxylase in rat gastric mucosa (author's transl)]

A specific histidine decarboxylase from rat gastric mucosa has been obtained at high purity and good yield (purification about 600-fold). The purification procedure included double (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing in a granulated gel and gel filtration. Only the specific histidine enzyme was obtained by that procedure; DOPA decarboxylase, a non-specific enzyme, was absent in our final preparation. Each step of the purification was visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical isoelectric focusing. The purified enzyme was apparently homogenous by criteria of electrophoresis and gel filtration and has a molecular weight of 94 000. Several protein bands appeared after isoelectric focusing and the enzyme activity was localized in 3 distinct peaks. The gastric enzyme consists of 3 active forms which could be distinguished by their isoelectric points: 5.4, 5.75 and 6. Moleculare weights estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 97 000, 93 000 and 90 000, and no subunits were observed. Pyridoxal phosphate was required as a coenzyme and resolution of the holoenzyme agreed with a portion of the coenzyme tightly bound to the apoenzyme. The purified enzyme was stable at low ionic strength, near neutral pH; concentrated reducing agents inhibit the enzyme.