血清AFP,CEA,CA125单独或联合检测对原发性肝癌早期诊断的临床价值研究

目的:探讨血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)单独以及联合检测对于原发性肝癌的早期诊断临床价值。方法:选择2012年1月~2016年6月在我院检验科确诊的120例原发性肝癌患者作为观察组,并以80例健康志愿者作为对照组,检测和比较两组的AFP、CEA和CA125水平,分析血清AFP、CEA、CA125单项及联合检测检出原发性肝癌的阳性率和约登指数。结果:观察组血清AFP(319.53±35.78 ng/mL)、CEA(81.4±27.8 ng/mL)、CA125(20.67±4.61 ng/mL)水平均明显高于健康对照组(P0.05)。血清AFP、CEA、CA125在单独检测时诊断原发性肝癌的敏感性分别为65%(78/120)、75%(90/120)和60%(72/120),而三者的联合检测能够使检测的敏感性达到92%(112/120),显著高于单独检测时的敏感度(P0.05)。血清AFP、CEA、CA125单项检测约登指数均显著低于联合检测(P0.05)。结论:相较于血清AFP、CEA、CA125的单独检测,三者联合检测可明显提高原发性肝癌的检出率。     

循环肿瘤细胞水平与卵巢癌患者临床病理特征及生存率的关系研究

目的:研究循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)水平与卵巢癌患者临床病理特征及生存率的关系。方法:选择从2012年6月到2014年12月在我院就诊的卵巢癌患者94例记为观察组。根据所有患者CTC水平将其分成高CTC组(CTC水平≥7个/5mL)57例及低CTC组(CTC水平7个/5 m L)37例,另选同期在我院体检的卵巢良性囊肿者90例记为对照组,分析CTC阳性与患者病理特征的关系、CTC水平与患者生存率和复发转移的关系以及CTC水平与患者病理特征、生存率、复发转移率的相关性。结果:对照组90例患者均未检测出CTC阳性。观察组94例患者中检测出68例CTC阳性,总阳性率为72.34%;观察组患者临床分期为II期和III期的CTC阳性率均明显高于I期,有淋巴结转移的CTC阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移(P0.05)。高CTC组的1年、2年、3年生存率与低CTC组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。高CTC组的1年、2年、3年复发转移率均高于低CTC组(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,CTC水平与患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移以及复发转移率均呈正相关(P0.05),而与年龄、病理分型、病理分级及生存率均无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者临床分期为Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期和有淋巴结转移的CTC阳性率较高,且CTC水平与复发转移率关系密切,临床通过检测CTC水平,可能有助于评估患者的预后。     

手术切除与介入栓塞治疗肝癌术后复发患者的临床对比研究

目的:比较手术切除与介入栓塞治疗肝癌术后复发患者的临床疗效。方法:选择2010年6月到2011年6月本院收治的92例肝癌手术切除术后复发患者,按随机数字表法分为手术切除组和介入栓塞组,各46例。手术切除组患者给予再次切除治疗,介入栓塞组患者给予介入栓塞治疗。记录并比较两组患者治疗后1年、3年及5年的生存率。检测并比较两组患者治疗前后血清肝纤维化指标,包括血清透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、人Ⅲ型前胶原(HPC-Ⅲ)及IV型胶原(IV-C)水平。检测并比较两组患者治疗前后血清白细胞(WBC)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果:手术切除组患者治疗后1年、3年、5年的生存率均明显高于介入栓塞组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,介入栓塞组血清HA、LN、HPC-Ⅲ及IV-C明显高于治疗前,且均明显高于手术切除组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清WBC、AFP及CEA水平均明显低于治疗前,且手术切除组患者血清WBC明显高于介入栓塞组,而血清AFP、CEA水平明显低于介入栓塞组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:手术切除治疗肝癌术后复发能够明显提高患者生存率,降低肝纤维化程度,改善血清AFP及CEA水平,值得在临床上推广应用。     

胃癌患者血清CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平的表达及与临床病理特征的关系研究

目的:研究胃癌患者血清糖链抗原125(CA125)、糖链抗原724(CA724)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原199(CA199)水平的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。方法:选取2016年5月-2017年8月我院收治的胃癌患者94例记为胃癌组,胃部良性病变患者82例记为良性病变组,另取同期于我院接受体检的健康志愿者80例记为对照组。分别测定三组受试者血清CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平,并分析上述指标与胃癌患者临床病理特征的关系,并观察胃癌患者各指标单独检测和联合检测的阳性率。结果:三组受试者血清CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),胃癌组、良性病变组、对照组的血清CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平呈逐渐降低趋势,两两对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同性别的胃癌患者CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),年龄60岁、TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、肿瘤大小≥5 cm2的胃癌患者CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平均高于年龄≤60岁、TNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、肿瘤大小5 cm2的胃癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合检测的胃癌阳性率高于CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199单独检测,且CA724单独检测高于CA125、CEA、CA199单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胃癌患者血清CA125、CA724、CEA、CA199水平较高,与患者的年龄、TNM分期、肿瘤大小等因素有关,且联合检测的胃癌检出率较高,可为胃癌的早期诊断提供指导作用。     

AFU, AFP, GP73和GPC3联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的:研究α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、甲种胎儿球蛋白(AFP)、高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)和磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC3)联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法:选择2014年1月~2016年5月在我院进行诊治的原发性肝癌患者90例为肝癌组,同期住院诊治的肝硬化患者60例为肝硬化组,以及同期在我院体检健康者60例为对照组。比较三组的AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3水平和阳性检出率,并观察AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3单独检测和联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断效率。结果:肝癌组和肝硬化组的AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),且肝癌组明显高于肝硬化组(P0.05);肝癌组和肝硬化组的AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3阳性率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),且肝癌组明显高于肝硬化组(P0.05);AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3联合检测对原发性肝癌的特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于单独检测和三项指标联合检测(P0.05)。结论:AFU、AFP、GP73和GPC3联合检测可以提高对原发性肝癌的检出率,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

早期非小细胞肺癌患者血清巨噬细胞抑制因子-1、趋化素与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:探讨早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清巨噬细胞抑制因子-1(MIC-1)、趋化素(chemerin)水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选择72例NSCLC患者(NSCLC组)、53例肺良性疾病患者(良性组)、50例体检健康人群(对照组),分别检测血清MIC-1、chemerin水平,分析血清MIC-1、chemerin水平与NSCLC患者临床病理参数的关系。Kaplan-Meier法分析不同血清MIC-1、chemerin水平NSCLC患者生存时间的差异,COX比例风险回归分析血清MIC-1、chemerin水平与NSCLC患者预后的关系。结果:NSCLC组患者血清MIC-1、chemerin水平高于良性组和对照组(P0.05)。血清MIC-1水平与NSCLC患者年龄、目前吸烟、肿瘤直径、TNM分期、分化程度、复发或转移、生存状态有关(P0.05),chemerin水平与NSCLC患者目前吸烟、TNM分期、复发或转移、生存状态有关(P0.05)。高MIC-1水平患者生存率低于低MIC-1水平患者(P0.05),高chemerin水平患者生存率低于低chemerin水平患者(P0.05)。COX比例风险回归分析结果显示:血清MIC-1、chemerin、TNM分期与NSCLC不良预后独立相关。结论:血清MIC-1、chemerin水平与NSCLC患者部分临床病理参数和预后相关,可作为早期NSCLC患者预后预测的潜在指标。     

CRP联合CA72-4, CEA, CA19-9检测对胃癌早期诊断的临床价值

目的:探究C反应蛋白(CRP)联合胃癌抗原(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA19-9)检测对胃癌早期诊断的临床价值。方法:选择2014年3月~2016年6月我院收治的胃癌患者(103例)为胃癌组,包括早期胃癌患者30例,中晚期患者73例;同期就诊于我院的良性胃病患者为良性胃病组(61例),另选择20例年龄、性别相匹配的健康体检人群为健康对照组。比较三组人群血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9水平,并探讨其表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:早期胃癌组、良性胃病组患者的血清CRP、肿瘤标志物CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9的表达水平及阳性检测率均显著高于健康对照组(P0.05);早期胃癌组的上述指标显著高于良性胃病组(P0.05)。肿瘤分化程度低、发生转移、临床分期为Ⅲ,Ⅳ期胃癌患者的血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9阳性检测率显著高于肿瘤高分化、未发生转移、临床分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的胃癌患者(p0.05)。血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9联合检测胃癌的敏感度92.23%,特异度为90.85%,联合检测敏感度显著高于CRP(68.93%)、CA72-4(71.84%)、CEA(77.67%)、CA19-9(59.22%)单项检测(p0.05)。结论:血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9水平与胃癌的临床病理特征密切相关,联合检测能显著提高检测灵敏度,有利于胃癌早期诊断。     

血清CEA、CCR3、CXCL16与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌术后复发转移的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、C-C基序趋化因子受体3（CCR3）、C-X-C趋化因子配体16（CXCL16）与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）术后复发转移的关系。方法：选取2015年1月～2017年6月南京医科大学附属南京医院收治的186例接受手术切除的Ⅰ期NSCLC患者为NSCLC组,根据术后是否发生复发转移分为复发转移组和未复发转移组,另选取60名健康体检者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平,分析其与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者病理特征的关系。采用多因素Cox回归分析Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16对Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较,NSCLC组血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平升高（P＜0.05）。血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者肿瘤直径、分化程度和TNM分期有关（P＜0.05）。随访5年,失访5例,181例Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移为20.99%。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肿瘤直径≥2 cm、低分化、TNM分期ⅠB期和CEA、CCR3、CXCL16升高为Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16联合预测Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）大于CEA、CCR3和CXCL16单独预测。结论：血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平升高与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移独立相关,血清CEA、CCR3、CXCL16联合预测Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的价值较高。     

AFP、血流变、超敏C反应蛋白检测在早期肝癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨甲胎蛋白(alphafetoprotein,AFP)、血流变、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)等指标检测对早期肝癌患者的诊断价值。方法:将我院自2016年5月至2019年5月间收治的经手术和病理学检查确诊肝癌患者115例作为A组,109例其他肝脏良性病变患者作为B组,同期体检健康者98例作为对照组C组,观察三组对象的AFP、血流变和超敏C反应蛋白等各项指标的水平。结果:A组患者的AFP水平和hs-CRP水平均明显高于B组肝脏良性病变组和C组健康对照组,B组患者AFP高于C组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组和C组患者hs-CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者全血高、中、低切粘度、全血粘度、红细胞压积、血细胞比容、血沉方程K值、纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数和红细胞刚性指数等指标水平均明显高于B组和C组对象,B组患者血沉和血沉方程K值明显高于C组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组肝癌患者TNM分期较高的患者血沉方程K值、血细胞比容、血浆粘度和全血低切粘度均明显高于TNM低分期的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:患者的AFP、hs-CRP联合血流变血指标的异常改变可作为鉴别肝脏良性疾病和恶性肿瘤的依据,同时能提高诊断的准确性,可在临床范围内推广使用。     

不同肝病患者5种肿瘤标志物联合检测结果分析

目的探讨肿瘤标志物AFP、CEA、TSGF、CEA199和CEA125联合检测在不同肝病临床诊断中的应用价值及意义。方法选择长兴县人民医院2013年1月至2013年12月收治的36例急性乙肝、58例慢性乙肝、30例肝硬化和16例肝癌患者为研究对象,用化学发光法分别检测患者血清AFP、CEA、TSGF、CEA199和CEA125,并对各组间5种肿瘤标志物结果进行对比分析。结果肝硬化患者与对照组患者各指标相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),肝癌患者分别与肝硬化患者和对照组患者各指标相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。5种标志物联合检测能显著提高肺癌的阳性检出率(P0.05),提高检测的敏感性和特异性(P0.05)。结论 AFP、CEA、TSGF、CEA199和CEA125对肝脏良恶性疾病的诊断有一定参考价值,联合检测可以提高肝癌的检出率。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Antibacterial and Antifugal Mono- and Di-substituted Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Triazine-derived Schiff-bases and their Transition Metal Complexes

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.