禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株成熟黏附蛋白的表达及其免疫原性检测

目的：在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中高效表达禽多杀性巴氏杆菌成熟黏附蛋白Cpm39,并检测其免疫原性。方法：通过BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切重组载体pMD18-cpm39获得cpm39基因片段,将该基因片段克隆至表达载体pMAL-p2X上,构建表达质粒pMAL-p2X-cpm39,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,在IPTG诱导下表达融合蛋白,用禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株Cp39天然粘附蛋白的免疫血清经Western印迹检测其免疫原性。结果：SDS-PAGE结果显示表达的融合蛋白相对分子质量为78×103,与预期结果相符,而Western印迹结果表明诱导表达的融合蛋白MBP-Cpm39能与Cp39天然黏附蛋白抗体发生特异性反应。结论：构建了表达质粒pMAL-p2X-cpm39,获得了具有免疫原性的重组融合蛋白,为进一步研究禽多杀性巴氏杆菌成熟黏附蛋白的免疫保护功能奠定了基础。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株ompH基因敲除突变株的构建及其生物学功能

[目的]探讨ompH基因在禽多杀性巴氏杆菌致病过程中的作用.[方法]利用同源重组原理构建中间为四环素抗性基因,两侧为ompH基因上下游同源序列同源的敲除载体pWSK29△ompH,将敲除载体电击转入C48-3株感受态细胞中,通过四环素抗性和菌落PCR筛选ompH基因的敲除突变株,并通过组合PCR、逆转录PCR和DNA测序对突变株进行验证.用生物学功能实验比较野生株、互补株和突变株在生长速率、荚膜结构、粘着能力和致病性等方面的差异.[结果]组合PCR、逆转录PCR和DNA测序结果证实ompH基因的敲除突变株C48-3△ompH构建成功,电镜观察结果证实ompH基因的缺陷影响细菌的荚膜合成能力,粘附实验结果显示与野生株C48-3和互补株C48-3C相比突变株C48-3△ompH对CEF细胞的粘附能力显著降低(P＜0.01),而小鼠毒力实验结果表明突变株C48-3△ompH的致病性相对减弱.[结论]本实验构建的突变株C48-3△ompH,为进一步研究多杀性巴氏杆菌的致病机理奠定基础.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株外膜蛋白H的致病作用

目的:探讨禽多杀性巴氏杆菌外膜蛋白H(OmpH)的致病作用。方法:用大肠杆菌表达系统表达强毒株C48-3的重组蛋白OmpH,亲和层析法纯化N端带有6个组氨酸标签的重组OmpH,通过皮下注射兔制备抗OmpH抗血清,用生物学功能实验比较野生株C48-3、突变株ΔompH和互补株C48-3C的粘附能力、血清抵抗性和抗吞噬作用。结果:与野生株和互补株相比,突变株对CEF细胞的粘附能力显著降低,而抗OmpH抗体显著抑制野生株和互补株对CEF细胞的粘附,但该抗血清不影响突变株的粘附能力。野生株和互补株在鸡血清中的存活率显著高于突变株,但灭活鸡血清处理不影响它们的存活率。小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对突变株的吞噬能力显著高于野生株和互补株,而抗OmpH抗体增强巨噬细胞对野生株和互补株的吞噬能力,但该抗体不影响巨噬细胞对突变株的吞噬能力。结论:OmpH是禽巴氏杆菌的致病因子,它在该菌对宿主的感染与致病过程中发挥重要的作用。     

基于响应面法的高抗原活性禽多杀性巴氏杆菌疫苗培养基的研制与效果评价

【背景】禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida)引发的禽霍乱疫情造成了巨大的危害,而现有培养基存在培养菌密度较低的问题。【目的】研制高抗原活性的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌疫苗培养基。【方法】通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验和响应面分析方法对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌培养基的成分进行调整,并对不同发酵阶段的菌体进行免疫原性测定。最后使用该培养基培养细菌后制备疫苗并通过动物攻毒试验评价其保护效果。【结果】使用研制的培养基培养禽多杀性巴氏杆菌,活菌密度能够在6 h达到约1.84×1010 CFU/mL,增菌效果是对照培养基的2.6倍;免疫原性测定结果显示在生长平台期菌体的抗原活性最高;攻毒试验表明制备的疫苗能够很好地抵抗禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的侵袭。【结论】研制出了高抗原活性的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌疫苗培养基,为疫苗的生产奠定了基础。     

猪丹毒丝菌天然SpaA和重组SpaA-N免疫保护效果的评价

【目的】本试验以小鼠为动物模型,评估了猪丹毒丝菌重组表面保护性抗原A的N端保护区域(rSpaA-N)和天然SpaA的免疫保护效果。【方法】将猪丹毒丝菌C43311株SpaA-N以可溶形式表达在大肠杆菌BL21中,用GST Bind Resin纯化试剂盒纯化rSpaA-N,采用电洗脱法从猪丹毒丝菌C43311株NaOH提取抗原中纯化天然SpaA,将rSpaA-N、天然SpaA和NaOH提取抗原制成亚单位疫苗,同时设GST及生理盐水对照组,间隔2周分3次皮下免疫小鼠,第3次免疫后2周用100LD50猪丹毒丝菌C43065株进行腹腔攻毒,采用间接ELISA方法检测免疫组小鼠血清的抗体动态变化。【结果】SDS-PAGE结果显示,采用GST Bind Resin纯化试剂盒和电洗脱法纯化得到了66kDa的rSpaA-N和64kDa的天然SpaA,蛋白含量分别为1.34mg/mL和1.26mg/mL,而Western印迹结果表明rSpaA-N和纯化前后的SpaA具有良好的免疫反应性。保护试验结果表明,不同免疫剂量的rSpaA-N组、天然SpaA组和NaOH提取抗原组均能完全保护小鼠受强毒株C43065的致死性攻击,而GST组和生理盐水组小鼠攻毒后全部死亡。ELISA检测结果表明,在不同免疫剂量的rSpaA-N组、天然SpaA组和NaOH提取抗原组小鼠血清中的抗体效价之间无显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】本研究结果表明rSpaA-N具有良好的免疫保护作用,可以作为猪丹毒亚单位疫苗。     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌FnBPA-A分子不同遗传多态性重组质粒的免疫生物学特性的比较

【目的】为了解Fn BPA-A分子遗传多态性对新疆部分地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌免疫生物学特性的影响。【方法】对采自新疆不同地区的牛源金黄色葡萄球菌Fn BPA-A氨基酸序列进行分析,构建了Fn BPA-A 8个不同遗传多态性的真核重组质粒,分别免疫C57BL/6小鼠,收集免疫后的抗血清。对不同重组质粒免疫小鼠后免疫保护力进行比较分析。【结果】进化树显示GS801、GS819、GS856属于同一分支,GW10-1、GW20-2、GY288、GY309为同一分支,GY278为一分支。免疫小鼠并进行攻击保护检测,GW20-2、GS801、GS819、GS856与GY288免疫组对小鼠的免疫保护率较高,GY278免疫组免疫保护率最低。【结论】Fn BPA-A分子的遗传多态性可以影响免疫小鼠的免疫水平和攻毒保护力。     

禽巴氏杆菌C48-3株成熟黏附蛋白基因cpm39的克隆及序列分析

目的：对禽巴氏杆菌C48-3躺株编码成熟黏附蛋白的基因cpm39进行克隆和序列分析。方法：通过PCR从禽巴氏杆菌C448-3。基因组DNA中扩增出cpm39基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中,转化大肠杆菌DH5d,并对目的基因进行核苷酸序列测定;用Clustal X和Mega 2．1软件将测定的序列与GenBank中已登录的16种血清型巴氏杆菌株核苷酸序列进行同源性分析。结果：测序结果表明cpm39基因大小为1002bp,与已知的16个血清型巴氏杆菌cpm39基因核苷酸序列的同源性为81．5％～100％。结论：克隆得到禽巴氏杆菌C。躺株编码成熟黏附蛋白的cpm39基因,该基因在不同血清型巴氏杆菌中具有很高的同源性,该蛋白可以作为研制预防巴氏杆菌病亚单位疫苗的候选抗原。     

多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株的构建及鉴定

【目的】构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,并验证其致病性。【方法】采用正向筛选同源重组技术构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,利用PCR对突变株进行鉴定,分析其遗传稳定性、生长特性和致病性。【结果】成功构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,连续传代20代,遗传稳定;突变株体外生长曲线表明,在前6h生长速度稍慢于亲本菌,随后两者生长速度一致。对小鼠的致病性试验表明:经腹腔注射aroA基因缺失突变株在1.0×106 CFU对小鼠无致死性,而亲本菌株在1.0×102 CFU对小鼠是致死性的。【结论】本研究获得多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,对小鼠的致病性是减弱的。多杀性巴氏杆菌突变株的构建有助于研究其致病机理。     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因的表达及其免疫原性

【背景】猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)是一种重要的人兽共患病原菌,有35种血清型,其中以猪链球菌2型(SS2)危害最为严重。研究发现,各种血清型SS分泌的溶血素(Suilysin,SLY)可能具有较好的免疫保护作用,因此,SLY作为SS基因工程亚单位疫苗的成分具有较大优势。【目的】获得SS2安徽强毒株(AH10-8株)溶血素基因(sly)的表达产物,并对其免疫原性进行测定分析。【方法】根据GenBank数据库中登录号为DQ443533.1的全长sly序列,设计合成一对分别带有Bam HI、XhoI酶切位点的特异性引物,利用PCR从AH10-8株中扩增sly基因,构建pET-30a-sly原核表达重组质粒,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,进行IPTG诱导表达和His-Tag镍柱纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测SLY,Western blotting鉴定SLY的反应原性;利用昆明鼠和斑马鱼进行SLY免疫攻毒保护试验,间接ELISA方法检测昆明鼠血清IgG抗体效价,观察比较病理组织变化及其免疫保护率。【结果】重组质粒pET-30a-sly在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达,获得大小为60kD的目的蛋白,与预期大小的SLY分子质量一致,能与SS2阳性血清发生特异性反应。SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体3次免疫昆明鼠后的血清IgG抗体效价分别为1:6 400、1:204 800 (以AH10-8株全菌体的超声裂解物为包被抗原)和1:102 400、1:51 200 (以SLY为包被抗原);SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体对昆明鼠和斑马鱼的免疫保护率分别为40%、80%和84%、92%;病理组织变化与攻毒对照组之间差异明显。【结论】成功表达的SLY具有良好的反应原性和免疫原性,可诱导机体产生保护性免疫反应,有望成为研制SS2新型疫苗的候选成分。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素在干酪乳杆菌中的诱导表达及小鼠口服免疫保护效力的测定

摘要: 【目的】构建产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens, C．perfringens）α 毒素基因的重组干酪乳杆菌口服疫苗,为产气荚膜梭菌毒素中毒的防治提供有效方法。【方法】将构建的重组产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因细胞表面型载体pPG1及分泌表达载体pPG2电转化乳酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei L.casei）,获得阳性重组菌pPG1-α/ L.casei 393 乳酸乳杆菌表面表达系统和pPG2-α/ L.casei393乳酸乳杆菌分泌表达系统。重组菌以1%乳糖为诱导物,在MRS培养基中进行诱导,通过Western-blot和间接免疫荧光方法鉴定,确定目的蛋白的表达。将重组菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集免疫小鼠粪便及眼冲洗液及外生殖道黏液样本测定小鼠产生抗α毒素的特异性sIgA 抗体水平,采集小鼠血液样本测定血清中抗α毒素的特异性IgG抗体水平。并对免疫小鼠进行α毒素的腹腔攻毒实验及对获得的抗血清进行α毒素中和试验测定。【结果】重组干酪乳杆菌pPG1-α/ L.casei 393及pPG2-/ L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗α毒素的sIgA 和IgG 抗体水平,其对α毒素中和试验结果为完全保护。腹腔攻毒实验结果为能抵抗3倍最小致死剂量的α毒素攻击。【结论】表达产气荚膜梭菌α毒素免疫保护性抗原的重组乳酸乳杆菌口服免疫动物能够产生良好的局部和系统体液免疫应答和免疫中和效力。     

Increase of capsular material thickness following in vivo growth of virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains

Abstract Protein profile and capsular material thickness of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains were compared after in vitro and in vivo growth. Three virulent and one avirulent strains were used. These strains were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, cells were collected by centrifugation, resuspended in a sterile saline solution and injected in diffusion chambers. The devices were then inserted in rat abdomens for 17 h. In vitro grown strains were also inoculated into fresh BHI broth and cultivated for 17 h at 37°C. In vivo as well as in vitro grown bacteria were harvested by centrifugation, processed in a French pressure cell, treated with lysozyme and centrifuged to collect cell proteins for SDS-PAGE analysis. Transmission electron microscopy using polycationic ferritin labeling to stabilize capsular material was also carried out. No significant modification was noted in the protein profile for any strain after in vivo growth except for a 39 kDa protein of one virulent strain. On the other hand, an increase in thickness of capsular material was noted for the three in vivo grown virulent strains while no change was noted for the avirulent strain. This increase in capsular material thickness of virulent strains was accompanied by an increased resistance to killing by pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The capacity to produce more capsular material in vivo seems to be an attribute of some virulent S. suis serotype 2 strains.     

Detection of rat ceruloplasmin receptors using fluorescence microscopy and microdensitometry

Rat ceruloplasmin (rCp) has been labeled with the fluorophores fluorescein and rhodamine by using the isothiocyanate derivatives (FITC, RBITC). High p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity of the resulting conjugates was observed (70-90% of native activity). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed fluorescein-labeled rCp (FITC-rCp) had an increased mobility, while rhodamine-labeled rCp (RBITC-rCp) showed no increase in mobility when compared to native rCp. RBITC-rCp was tested as a probe for ceruloplasmin receptors on rat erythrocytes using fluorescence microscopy to detect membrane binding. Film negatives of blood smears exposed under identical conditions were analyzed by microdensitometry to give relative optical densities for the amount of RBITC-rCp bound per unit area of the plasma membrane. With this technique, binding of rCp was observed to be saturable, reversible, and specific. Competition of the protein ligands superoxide dismutase, catalase, and unlabeled rCp against RBITC-rCp already bound on erythrocytes showed that only rCp could displace the bound RBITC-rCp with 32% specific binding being observed. Low levels of membrane binding were seen after the erythrocytes had been trypsin treated. Platelet binding was also detected and it was saturable, reversible, and trypsin sensitive. However, only 20% of the bound RBITC-rCp could be displaced by rCp. These studies demonstrate a versatile technique for detection and localization of Cp receptors.     

Selection and identification of a new adhesion protein of Cryptosporidium parvum from a cDNA library by ribosome display

In this study, we described a novel display method to identify surface adhesion proteins of Cryptosporidium parvum. A cDNA library of the sporozoite and oocyst stages of C. parvum was expressed on ribosome and selectively and specifically screened with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from newborn Cryptosporidium-free Holstein calves. Proteins were then enriched using a multi-step panning procedure. A new surface adherence protein of C. parvum was selected, named Cp20. Sequence analyses showed that Cp20 has a N-terminal signal peptide and four transmembrane regions. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using an antibody specific for rCp20 demonstrated that the antibody specifically bound to the surface of sporozoites and oocysts. The recombinant plasmid pVAX1-Cp20 was constructed to examine the potential of the Cp20 gene as a target for specific preventive and therapeutic measures for cryptosporidiosis. The in vivo efficacies of the DNA vaccine was tested in BALB/c mice. The results indicated that the DNA vaccine elicited significant antibody responses and specific cellular responses when compared to control mice that received vector only or PBS. The DNA vaccine induced strong protective immune response against C. parvum and lower level of the oocysts shedding after challenge infection. This study suggested that Cp20 could serve as an effective target for specific preventive and therapeutic measures for cryptosporidiosis.     

Evidence for covalent attachment of phospholipid to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Cells of Haemophilus influenzae type b were grown in a liquid medium containing [3H]palmitate or [14C]ribose or both for two generations of exponential growth. Radiolabeled type-specific capsular polysaccharide, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), was purified from the culture supernatant by Cetavlon precipitation, ethanol fractionation, and hydroxylapatite and Sepharose 4B chromatography. The doubly labeled ( [3H]palmitate and [14C]ribose) PRP preparation was found to coelute in a single peak from a Sepharose 4B column, suggesting that both precursors were incorporated into the purified PRP. A singly labeled ( [3H]palmitate) purified PRP preparation was found to be quantitatively immune precipitated by human serum containing antibody against PRP. The radioactivity of this preparation could not be dissociated from PRP by treatment with chloroform-methanol, 6 M urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, or Zwittergent. Only after acid, alkaline, or phospholipase A2 treatment of PRP labeled with [3H]palmitate or [3H]palmitate and [14C]ribose followed by chloroform-methanol extraction could most of the 3H-radioactivity be recovered in the organic phase. The chloroform-soluble acid-hydrolyzed or phospholipase A2-treated product was identified as palmitic acid after thin-layer chromatography. These results strongly suggest that a phospholipid moiety is covalently associated with the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide PRP.     

Molybdate-stabilized nonactivated glucocorticoid-receptor complexes contain a 90-kDa non-steroid-binding phosphoprotein that is lost on activation

We have used a monoclonal antibody to purify glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from WEHI-7 mouse thymoma cells. Molybdate-stabilized, nonactivated complexes were found to contain two distinct proteins which could be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions. One of the proteins, 100 kDa, was labeled when cytosol was incubated with the affinity ligand [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate. The second protein, 90 kDa, was not labeled. Several lines of evidence, including Western blot analysis of purified nonactivated complexes, indicate that only the 100-kDa protein is directly recognized by the antibody. The 90-kDa protein appears to be purified as a component of the nonactivated complex due to noncovalent association with the 100-kDa protein. Both the 100-kDa and 90-kDa components of the nonactivated complex become labeled with 35S when cells are grown in medium containing [35S]methionine. Using cells labeled in this manner, we have shown that activated (i.e. DNA-binding) cytosolic complexes, formed by warming either in intact cells or under cell-free conditions, contain only the 100-kDa protein. Complexes extracted from nuclei of warmed cells similarly contain only the 100-kDa protein. These results indicate that the 100-kDa and 90-kDa components of nonactivated complexes separate upon activation. Purification of nonactivated complexes from cells grown in medium containing [32P]orthophosphoric acid indicates that both the 100-kDa and 90-kDa components are phosphoproteins which can be labeled with 32P. Therefore, resolution of the two proteins will be essential in order to determine whether the receptor is dephosphorylated on activation.     

Small-scale, semi-automated purification of eukaryotic proteins for structure determination

A simple approach that allows cost-effective automated purification of recombinant proteins in levels sufficient for functional characterization or structural studies is described. Studies with four human stem cell proteins, an engineered version of green fluorescent protein, and other proteins are included. The method combines an expression vector (pVP62K) that provides in vivo cleavage of an initial fusion protein, a factorial designed auto-induction medium that improves the performance of small-scale production, and rapid, automated metal affinity purification of His8-tagged proteins. For initial small-scale production screening, single colony transformants were grown overnight in 0.4 ml of auto-induction medium, produced proteins were purified using the Promega Maxwell 16, and purification results were analyzed by Caliper LC90 capillary electrophoresis. The yield of purified [U-15N]-His8-Tcl-1 was 7.5 microg/ml of culture medium, of purified [U-15N]-His8-GFP was 68 microg/ml, and of purified selenomethione-labeled AIA-GFP (His8 removed by treatment with TEV protease) was 172 microg/ml. The yield information obtained from a successful automated purification from 0.4 ml was used to inform the decision to scale-up for a second meso-scale (10-50 ml) cell growth and automated purification. 1H-15N NMR HSQC spectra of His8-Tcl-1 and of His8-GFP prepared from 50 ml cultures showed excellent chemical shift dispersion, consistent with well folded states in solution suitable for structure determination. Moreover, AIA-GFP obtained by proteolytic removal of the His8 tag was subjected to crystallization screening, and yielded crystals under several conditions. Single crystals were subsequently produced and optimized by the hanging drop method. The structure was solved by molecular replacement at a resolution of 1.7 A. This approach provides an efficient way to carry out several key target screening steps that are essential for successful operation of proteomics pipelines with eukaryotic proteins: examination of total expression, determination of proteolysis of fusion tags, quantification of the yield of purified protein, and suitability for structure determination.     

Protein phosphorylation in Streptomyces albus

The phosphorylated proteins of Streptomyces albus, radioactively labeled with [32P]orthophosphate have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. More than 10 protein species were found to be phosphorylated. With [32P]ATP as substrate cell free extracts phosphorylated endogenous proteins in vitro which were predominantly phosphorylated in vivo. From cell extract which exhibited active phosphorylated in vitro, a protein kinase has been partially purified. The kinase activity was identified in fractions corresponding to a 90 kDa protein.     

Methylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins at extracellular and intracellular D-aspartyl sites in vitro. Saturation of intracellular sites in vivo

A cytosolic protein carboxyl methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein O-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.24) purified from human erythrocytes catalyzes the methylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins in vitro using S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine as the methyl group donor. The principal methyl-accepting proteins have been identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis at pH 2.4 and fluorography as the anion transport protein (band 3), ankyrin (band 2.1), and integral membrane proteins with molecular weights of 45,000, 28,000, and 21,000. Many of the methylation sites associated with intrinsic membrane proteins may reside in their extracellular portions, since these same proteins are methylated when intact cells are used as the substrate. The maximal number of methyl groups transferred in these experiments is approximately 30 pmol/mg of membrane protein, a value which represents less than one methyl group/50 polypeptide chains of any methyl-accepting species. The number of methylation sites associated with the membranes is increased, but not to stoichiometric levels, by prior demethylation of the membranes. The additional sites are associated primarily with bands 2.1 and 4.1, the principal methyl acceptors in vivo, suggesting that most methylation sites are fully modified in vivo. Extracellular methylation sites are not increased by demethylation of membranes. The aspartic acid beta-methyl ester which can be isolated from carboxypeptidase Y digests of [3H]methylated membranes is in the unusual D-stereoconfiguration. Similar results have been obtained with [3H]methylated membranes isolated from intact cells (McFadden, P.N., and Clarke, S. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2460-2464). It is proposed that the methyltransferase recognizes D-aspartyl residues in proteins and is involved with the metabolism of damaged proteins in vivo.