柱前和柱后衍生高效液相色谱分析氨基酸方法进展与评述

柱前和柱后衍生高效液相色谱分析氨基酸方法进展与评述刘惠文中国林业科学研究院分析中心北京１００９１自从１９５８年Ｓｐａｃｋｍａｎｓｔｅｉｎ和Ｍｏｏｒｅ建立了最初的氨基酸分析技术以来,随着高效液相色谱的出现和发展,氨基酸分析方面的探讨也更加广泛和深入［１...     

国产色谱柱在复方氨基酸输液含量测定中的应用研究

运用两种国产色谱柱检测复方氨基酸注射液中各氨基酸的含量,分别建立了分离检测方法,优化了梯度洗脱的条件。在waters和agilent的高效液相仪上,两个厂家的色谱柱均显示出较好的分离效果。结果表明国产色谱柱能经济有效的达到质量控制的目的,可以推广使用。     

应用不同柱前衍生法于HPLC测定西洋参中的氨基酸

通过微波水解衍生方法与柱前衍生方法测定西洋参中的氨基酸成分并进行对比,评价两种方法使用的合理性与应用价值。通过微波水解衍生及柱前衍生两种不同的衍生方法测定同一来源的西洋参药材中的氨基酸成分含量,比较两种实验方法的操作性、准确合理性及测定氨基酸成分含量。两种实验方法平均回收率及相对标准偏差为:柱前衍生法回收率90.1%~101.7%、RSD 0.9%~3.9%,微波水解衍生法90.1%~113.1%、RSD 1.1%~9.5%(除个别氨基酸在酸水解过程中易被破坏)。柱前衍生法主要测定游离氨基酸的含量,其中西洋参根中的精氨酸占总量的59%。微波衍生法明显缩短了氨基酸分析时间,实验操作上体现显著优势。柱前衍生法准确、可靠,测定产物稳定。测定西洋参干燥根中游离的精氨酸含量占游离氨基酸总量的一半以上,含量最高,为西洋参的化学成分与药理作用的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

高效液相色谱法对农业样品中氨基酸含量的测定

介绍了采用一种新型的国产氨基酸色谱柱ＹＷＧＡ—Ａ柱,对与农业有关的多种样品进行氨基酸测定的方法。这种色谱柱可使全部氨基酸得到完全的分离,且柱效高,柱压低,价格便宜。农业样品的品种多,比较复杂,文中还对不同样品的前处理做了简要叙述。氨基酸的分析方法采用的是柱前衍生ＯＰＡ法,还对此方法测定中的一些问题进行了讨论。     

Xterra RP18柱高效液相色谱法快速分离测定氨基酸

建立了一种用XterraRP1 8色谱柱快速分离测定水解氨基酸的方法。所采用的色谱条件是 :WatersAlliance系统 ,柱温 5 6℃ ,流速 1 .8ml/min ,检测波长 2 4 8nm ,梯度分离 ,运行周期 2 5min,柱反压低于 2 0 0 0Psi。在 1 7.5min内分离了包括AMQ、NH3 和牛磺酸在内的 2 1种氨基化合物 ,适应于复合氨基酸注射液、含牛磺酸的氨基酸口服液及水解氨基酸样品的分析测定     

日立835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪蛋白质水解液分析新方法

本文报道了在日立835—50型氨基酸自动分析仪上,采用4×150mm 柱代替2.6×150mm 柱进行蛋白质水解液分析的方法。本法与仪器说明书提供的标准分析相比,具有分离率高,费用低等优点。各氨基酸峰位复现性和峰面积复现性均优于仪器的规定指标。日立835—50型氨基酸自动分析仪是目前应用广泛,性能较好的氨基酸分析装置。但仪器说明书提供的标准分析(蛋白质水解液分析)法分离率较低,若采用高分离平方法进行分析则所需时间又太长。为了能适应某些工作的要求,需研究分析速度快又具有较高分离率的方法。参照日立公司有关技术资料,我们探讨了采用4×150mm 柱代替2.6×150mm 柱,分析周期为62分钟的蛋白质水解液分析方法,现简要报道如下。     

异硫氢酸苯酯法(PITC)分析氨基酸

<正> 自从1958年Moore等人建立氨基酸测定方法以来,氨基酸分析方法发展迅速,日新月异。除采用阳离子交换柱,茚三酮柱后反应测定氨基酸方法外,70年代起,各种采用柱前衍生,反相色谱法分离测定氨基酸方法相继问世,为氨基酸分析开辟了新的领域。异硫氢酸苯酯(PITC)法作为其中一种,以其灵敏度高(可检测,1Pmal),分析速度快(水解液为10分钟,生理体液40～60分     

羽粉水解液用颗粒活性炭层析脱色吸附氨基酸的研究

本文分析测定了羽粉水解液在颗粒活性炭柱上层析脱色时柱前柱后液中的氨基酸含量。结果表明,颗粒活性炭在层析吸附羽粉水解液色素时对各种氨基酸都有不同程序的吸附,吸附的平均量为２６．５０％,尤其是对芳香族氨基酸,吸附量几乎为１００％。     

氨基酸的离子交换色谱(理论原理和实践)

<正> 第二章非自动分析仪中氨基酸离子交换色谱在第一章我们叙述了自动仪器中柱操作及有关参数,在这一章我们将叙述非自动仪器即手动操纵装置中色谱柱操作及有关规定。虽然非自动仪器也象自动仪器(氨基酸分析仪)一样,用聚苯乙烯磺酸阳离子交换剂填充柱子,但是色谱柱操作和柱流出液的检测,以及研究样品中成分的计算都用手工操作,因此有别于自动仪器,而具有其独特之处。     

高压液相色谱法测定脑活素中氨基酸含量

本文介绍用反相高压液相色谱法分析脑活素注射液中游离氨基酸的组成和含量,游离氨基酸通过与２,４－二硝基氟苯在柱前衍生化反应,生成二硝基氨基酸（ＤＮＰ－氨基酸）,经氨基酸专用分析柱分离,用紫外检测器３６０ｎｍ检测,脑活素的１６种氨基酸在６０分钟内得以良好分离,操作简单、准确。     

Enantiomeric separation of five amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography on a chiral crown ether column

A chiral liquid chromatographic method was validated to analyze the D-and L-enantiomers of five amino acids contained in a commercial solution: aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine. These 10 compounds were separated on a chiral crown ether column with a mobile phase composed of water adjusted to pH 1.5 with perchloric acid, with ultraviolet detection at 220 nm. The method was applied to the commercial amino acid solution before and after sterilization by 5 kGy irradiation; no stereoconversion was observed following sterilization. Chirality 9:150–152, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Single column analysis of amino acids in protein hydrolysates utilizing the fluorescamine reaction

A system is described for the separation of the amino acids commonly found in protein hydrolysates at the picomole level using a single ion exchange column and for their quantitation by the fluorescamine (4-phenylspiro[furan-2 (3H),1′-phthalan]-3,3′-dione) reaction. Three sodium citrate buffers were required for the separation of the amino acids with an analysis time of approximately 3 hr. The amino acids in 1 μg of hydrolyzed bovine serum albumin were separated using a single ion exchange column and were detected in the effluent from the column by the fluorescamine assay. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercial amino acid analyzer and 150 μg of hydrolyzed bovine serum albumin. The chromatogram produced by the more sensitive analyzer utilizing the fluorescamine reaction to detect the amino acids compared favorably with the chromatogram produced by the commercial analyzer utilizing the ninhydrin reaction with the exception that the proline peak was missing. Proline and hydroxyproline fail to yield fluorescence on reaction with fluorescamine unless converted from imines to primary amines.     

In silico analysis of amino acid biosynthesis and proteolysis in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and the implications for bovine milk fermentation

The amino acid biosynthesis pathway and proteolytic system of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 (L. bulgaricus 2038), a mainstay of large-scale yogurt production, were modeled based on its genomic sequence. L. bulgaricus 2038 retains more potential for amino acid synthesis and a more powerful proteolytic system than other L. bulgaricus strains, but favors amino acid uptake over de novo synthesis. Free amino acids and peptides in bovine milk provide the main nitrogen sources; whey is more important than casein for L. bulgaricus during fermentation. Free amino acids are imported by amino acid permeases and by ABC-type transport systems whereas exogenous oligopeptides are imported by ABC-type proteins only. Histidine is neither synthesized nor imported singly, which might explain why L. bulgaricus cannot grow in synthetic media.     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的实验研究（一）茚三酮显色剂在不同存放时间内对氨基酸含量的影响

本项目采用新的技术,对茚三酮显色试剂进行了研究,利用国内新引进的６３００黄金系列氨基酸分析仪对不同存放时间内的节三酮显色剂对氨基酸含量的影响进行了实验研究。观察了第１天,第７天,第１４天,第２１天,第２８天内进口茚三酮显色剂与自制茚三酮显色剂对氨基酸含量的影响。并对３８种氨基酸与自制茚三酮试剂和进口茚三酮试剂反应后的实验结果进行了观察。实验结果表明,第１天至第２８天内,自制茚三酮试剂的稳定性、灵敏度,重度性,分辨率等项指标均优于进口的茚三酮试剂,统计结果,说明用自制的茚三酮试剂取代进口的茚三酮试剂是可靠和可行的。     

Simultaneous Determination of S-Methylmethionine,Vitamin U and Free Amino Acids in Extracts of Green Tea with an HPLC-Amino Acid Analyzer

Free amino acids and S-methylmethionine (MMS, an anti-ulcer factor, Vitamin U) in green tea extracts were simultaneously determined with an HPLC-amino acid analyzer using lithium citrate buffers.

Rapid analysis of MMS and free amino acids was achieved with a high resolution column, MCI Gel CK-10U 0.46 </> × 15 cm, within 180 min. MMS in the column eluates was identified as dimethyl sulfide by a gas-chromatographic method with a flame photometric detector. The contents of MMS and free amino acids in various green teas were determined and compared with respect to the quality of commercial teas, blended teas and non-blended teas, and the place of cultivation of the tea. The described method is rapid and useful for checking the quality of green tea.     

白颈环毛蚓(Pheritima catifornica)与壮伟环毛蚓(Amynthas robusto)的PTC-氨基酸分析

对白颈环毛蚓与壮伟环毛蚓的体壁及内脏器官ＰＴＣ—氨基酸的含量进行了初步分析,结果表明：两种蚯蚓具有１５种氨基酸,８种必需氨基酸含量均较高。而壮伟环毛蚓的必需氨基酸总量均超过白颈环毛蚓,也大大超过国产或进口鱼粉氨基酸总含量;加上壮伟环毛蚓个体大,分布广,又耐污染,抗病能力强,所以这是一种值得开发的动物蛋白的新资源。     

Acid-labile amino acid precursors in the Murchison meteorite. 1: Chromatographic fractionation.

The amino acid content of a hot water extract of the Murchison meteorite can be increased by over 100 per cent by subjecting the extract to acid hydrolysis. The acid-labile compounds in the extract that account for this increase were fractionated by column chromatography on a cation exchange resin. Seventy mole per cent behaved as neutral or acidic compounds and were eluted from the column with an initial water wash. The remaining 30 mole per cent (basic precursors) were retained on the column and were eluted with the free amino acids by aqueous NH4OH. The acid-labile amino acid precursors in the water eluate could be retained and further fractionated on an anion exchange column, indicating that they are acidic compounds.     

Disulfide bonds of purothionine, a lethal toxin for yeasts.

Purothionin isolated from commercial wheat flour contained several components and two of them (A-I and A-II) were isolated in pure form by CM-52 column chromatography. Each component contained 45 amino acid residues with a 4 disulfide bonds. Purothionin A-II was digested with trypsin and thermolysin to isolate cystine peptides. These were separated and purified by chromatography on an SP-Sephadex column, and paper electrophoresis and chromatography. A peptide containing a -Cys-Cys- sequence was hydrolyzed with 10 N sulfuric acid. Amino acid compositions and partial sequence studies of the cystine peptides and their performic acid-oxidized peptides revealed the positions of all 4 disulfide bonds in purothionin A-II. They were formed between residues 3 and 39, 4 and 31, 12 and 29, and 16 and 25. The results of a partial study of purothionin A-I are also presented.     

Acid-labile amino acid precursors in the Murchison meteorite

The amino acid content of a hot water extract of the Murchison meteorite can be increased by over 100 per cent by subjecting the extract to acid hydrolysis. The acid-labile compounds in the extract that account for this increase were fractionated by column chromatography on a cation exchange resin. Sevently mole per cent behaved as neutral or acidic compounds and were eluted from the column with an initial water wash. The remaining 30 mole per cent (basic precursors) were retained on the column and were eluted with the free amino acids by aqueous NH₄OH. The acid-labile amino acid precursors in the water eluate could be retained and further fractionated on an anion exchange column, indicating that they are acidic compounds.Contribution number 101 from the Center for Meteorite Studies.     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（三）──自制显色剂与进口显色剂效果比较实验

目前国内引进的大多数氨基酸分析仪,所用的显色剂不但进口周期长,价格昂贵,而且长时间保存后易造成分离效果差和灵敏度下降等问题;因此,我们于一九八０年的开始对自制显色剂进行了存放时间、不同浓度等诸多因素对氨基酸含量影响进行了系统研究,取得了令人满意的结果￣［１,２］,在此基础上,我们还对自制显色剂与进口显色剂的效果进行了比较分析,分别观察了２４ｈ及１—４周内自制显色剂与进口显色剂对３８种标准氨基酸的影响,实验结果表明,自制显色剂的灵敏度显著高于进口显色剂,Ｐ＜０．０１。氨基酸总量的检测灵敏度,（２４ｈ）高于进口２０％,（第一周）提高了２７．４５％（第二周）提高了２１．３９％,（第三周）提高２１．３９％,（第四周）提高２８．１８％。