条石鲷仔、稚、幼鱼脂肪酸组成变化研究

通过采用GC/MS法研究了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼阶段的脂肪酸组成和变化特点。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:条石鲷鱼苗内源性营养阶段以饱和脂肪酸C16∶0、C20∶0及单不饱和脂肪酸C16∶1、C18∶1作为能量代谢的主要来源;必需脂肪酸C20∶4(n-6)(AA)、C22∶5(n-3)(DPA)和C22∶6(n-3)(DHA)在稚鱼期含量较低,∑EPA+DHA仅为6.89%,认为是发生稚鱼"胀鳔病"的主要原因;仔鱼开口前体内的DHA和EPA是由母体卵黄提供的。     

中华绒螯蟹一龄幼蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)越冬前后脂肪酸和4种类胡萝卜素含量的变化

实验以越冬前后的中华绒螯蟹一龄幼蟹作为研究对象,利用高效气相色谱法分别检测一龄幼蟹越冬前后肝胰腺及头胸甲中脂肪酸含量变化、利用液相二级质谱法分别测定一龄幼蟹越冬前后肝胰腺、头胸甲和血淋巴中4种类胡萝卜素含量变化。结果表明:肝胰腺中的饱和脂肪酸(SFA) C20:0、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA) C18:1n9作为主要能量脂肪酸被动用,其含量越冬后显著下降(p0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中的C18:3n3、C22:6n3越冬后含量显著升高(p0.05)。头胸甲的饱和脂肪酸(SFA) C16:0、C18:0,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中的C18:1n7作为主要能量脂肪酸被动用,越冬后含量下降显著(p0.05)。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) C18:2n6、C20:3n6越冬后含量显著升高(p0.05)。越冬后头胸甲中4种类胡萝卜素含量均极显著下降(p0.01)。其中,血淋巴中虾青素、叶黄素含量极显著升高(p0.05),β-胡萝卜素含量极显著下降(p0.05)。肝胰腺中虾青素与叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素变化趋势与血淋巴的一致,角黄素含量显著下降(p0.05)。越冬期间气温、水温的短暂升高可能使一龄幼蟹短暂摄食。越冬前经育肥的扣蟹越冬后能量物质无显著变化,越冬后根据肝胰腺颜色来判断一龄幼蟹质量的方法不科学。     

灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分的分析

采用气相色谱与质谱(GC-MS)联用分析,从超临界CO2萃取孢子油中鉴定出18种脂肪酸成分,包括6种不饱和脂肪酸、7种饱和脂肪酸、2种环链脂肪酸,以及己酸、辛酸、壬酸等短链脂肪酸。GC定量分析结果表明:灵芝孢子油中检出9种已知脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总量为73.6%;其中,主体成分油酸(C18∶1)、亚油酸(C18∶2)和棕榈酸(C16∶0)等含量分别为57.5%、13.4%、19.6%;此外,不饱和脂肪酸十六碳烯酸(C16∶1)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)等不饱和脂肪酸含量为2.2%、0.5%。     

南海南部悬浮颗粒物脂肪酸组成

中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所"南锋号"科考船在2012年2月22日—3月20日调查期间,对南海南部海域0 m、75 m和150 m层水体悬浮颗粒物进行了脂肪酸(FA)组成的研究。FA含量在表层、75 m层和150 m层的变化范围分别为9.9—15.65μg/L,10.45-14.45μg/L和9.65—16.45μg/L。FA与叶绿素a的比值垂向变化非常大,在表层和150 m层都大于70,而在75 m层小于30(除A7)。悬浮颗粒物的FA组成以饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸为主,而多不饱和脂肪酸含量较低。饱和脂肪酸主要包括C16:0和C18:0,其次是C12:0,单不饱和脂肪酸主要包括C14:1n3、C16:1n7和C16:1n9,多不饱和脂肪酸主要为C18:2n6和C22:2n6。主成分分析表明,第一主成分主要与C16:0、C18:0、C20:0等正相关,可认为第一主成分主要表征浮游植物和碎屑,而第二主成分所表征的可能与浮游动物等有关的信息。悬浮颗粒物的脂肪酸标记物中,C16:1n7/C16:0和∑C16:1/∑FA之间呈显著正相关,同时C16:1n7/C16:0与∑C18/∑FA呈显著负相关,将C16:1n7/C16:0和C16:1/∑FA结合起来适宜于指示硅藻类的组成,∑C18/∑FA可用来指示甲藻类组成。     

五种底栖硅藻(鲍鱼饵料)的脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱分析了5种从鲍鱼育苗池中分离获得的底栖硅藻的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,作为鲍鱼饵料的5种硅藻的C_(16:0)和C_(16:1)含量都很高,达总脂肪酸的40%~80%,是5种硅藻中脂肪酸的主要成分。C20:5的含量均较高,而C_(22:6)含量均很低。其中,咖啡双眉藻的C_(20:5)明显高于其他4种,且C_(20:5)、C_(20:4)、C_(18:2)、C_(18:3)等4种脂肪酸的总含量也最高。而C_(16:0)、C_(18:0)、C_(18:1)、C_(20:4)、C_(20:5)、C_(22:5)脂肪酸的总含量及C_(16)系列脂肪酸和C_(20)系列高不饱和脂肪酸的总含量在舟形藻(MMDL51102)中最高。     

羊奶果种子脂肪酸组成和矿质元素分析

测定了羊奶果(Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.)种子脂肪酸组成以及矿质元素含量。结果表明:脂肪酸含量为1.98%,主要是油酸(C18:1)34.15%、亚油酸(C18:2)31.51%、软脂酸(C16:0)13.83%、硬脂酸(C18:0)2.88%。饱和脂肪酸:单不饱和脂肪酸:多不饱和脂肪酸含量比为1:2.23:2.75。矿质元素K高达7837.69mgkg-1,Fe为30.99mgkg-1、Zn为10.13mgkg-1,Na为259.5mgkg-1。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼油脂成分分析

采用铁锅炼制提取斑点叉尾鮰内脏鱼油,然后加酸使其甲酯化,以气相色谱/质谱法分析鱼油中的脂肪酸.结果斑点叉尾鮰内脏纯油脂中鱼油达到99%.从鱼油中共鉴定出15种成分,有饱和脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸,还有少量烷烃类物质.不饱和脂肪酸含量为76.40%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸为18.03%,以C18∶ 2(16.23%)为主,单不饱和脂肪酸为58.37%,以C18∶ 1(54.88%)为主.饱和脂肪酸含量为20.91%,主要有C16∶ 0 (15.84%)和C18∶ 0(4.29%),多是低于C18以上的中长链脂肪酸.因此斑点叉尾鮰油脂可作功能性脂肪酸的重要膳食来源.     

稀有(鱼句)鲫的脂肪酸组成

稀有(鱼句)鲫汉源种群和彭州种群全鱼中共检测到3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),它们是C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0.4种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),它们是C14∶1、C16∶1、C18∶1、C20∶1.4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),它们是C18∶2、C20∶4、C20∶5(EPA)、C22∶6(DHA).SFA 占总脂肪酸的23.63-28.97%,MUFA 占40.73-54.32%,PUFA 占9.96-23.17%,EPA占0.41-1.74%,DHA占0.11-5.37%.EPA 含量一般低于 DHA.UFA(MUFA+PUFA)%＞SFA%,且 MUFA%＞PUFA%,n-3FA/n-6FA为0.33-0.99.此外还测定了鱼肌、内脏脂肪、肝脏、性腺等的脂肪酸组成和含量.     

绒毛番龙眼种仁油中脂肪酸组成和脂肪酸二氢(口恶)唑衍生物的GC-MS分析

本文报道绒毛番龙眼种仁油的脂肪酸组成脂肪酸双键位置,采用“远端基团修饰”的方法经GC/MS测定,它的种仁油的主要脂肪酸含量(%)如下:C16:0 3.94,C16:1(9)4.134,C18:0 3.31,C18:1(9) 19.18,C18:1(11) 13.49,C20:0 32.25,C20 :1(11) 2.21,C20:1(13) 8.43,C22:0 6.13,C22:1(13) 1.16,C22:1(15) 5.14.     

绒毛番龙眼种仁油中脂肪酸组成和脂肪酸二氢(口恶)唑衍生物的GC-MS分析

本文报道绒毛番龙眼种仁油的脂肪酸组成脂肪酸双键位置,采用“远端基团修饰”的方法经GC/MS测定,它的种仁油的主要脂肪酸含量(%)如下:C16:0 3.94,C16:1(9)4.134,C18:0 3.31,C18:1(9) 19.18,C18:1(11) 13.49,C20:0 32.25,C20 :1(11) 2.21,C20:1(13) 8.43,C22:0 6.13,C22:1(13) 1.16,C22:1(15) 5.14.     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.