茶条槭悬浮培养体系的建立与没食子酸合成的优化条件

初步建立茶条槭（Acer ginnala）细胞悬浮培养体系：以茶条槭子叶为外植体,接种于WPM培养基中,对茶条槭愈伤组织进行诱导和继代培养。悬浮培养中,每代增长指数达到11．6,没食子酸含量达到1．518％。通过对比NT、IS、WPM、B5和MS培养基所含成分对茶条槭愈伤组织悬浮培养的影响,综合考虑悬浮细胞的生长速率和有效成分的含量,确定WPM为基本培养基。WPM培养基大量元素的浓度对细胞的生长和没食子酸的积累有显著影响,其浓度越高,促进作用越明显。3倍浓度的大量元素最有利于没食子酸的积累。蔗糖浓度为10g·L^-1最适于没食子酸的积累,浓度为30g·L^-1最适于茶条槭细胞生长和没食子酸合成。     

茶条槭悬浮培养体系的建立与没食子酸合成的优化条件

初步建立茶条槭(Acer ginnala)细胞悬浮培养体系: 以茶条槭子叶为外植体, 接种于WPM培养基中, 对茶条槭愈伤组织进行诱导和继代培养。悬浮培养中, 每代增长指数达到11.6, 没食子酸含量达到1.518%。通过对比NT、IS、WPM、B5和MS培养基所含成分对茶条槭愈伤组织悬浮培养的影响, 综合考虑悬浮细胞的生长速率和有效成分的含量, 确定WPM为基本培养基。WPM培养基大量元素的浓度对细胞的生长和没食子酸的积累有显著影响, 其浓度越高, 促进作用越明显。3倍浓度的大量元素最有利于没食子酸的积累。蔗糖浓度为10 g.L-1最适于没食子酸的积累, 浓度为30 g.L-1最适于茶条槭细胞生长和没食子酸合成。     

石防风原生质体再生植株

石防风种子幼苗切段,在含有1mg/1 2,4-D 的 MS 固体培养基(大量元素减半)上,产生含有胚性细胞团的愈伤组织。经液体培养,获得含有高比例胚性细胞团的悬浮培养物。在含有1.5%纤维素酶、0.3%果胶酶、0.5%蜗牛酶、5mmol/lCaCl_2、1mmol/lKH_2PO_4、0.6mol/l 甘露酐、pH5.8的混合酶液中,在25℃条件下,经过5小时消化,获得了原生质体。在含有 1mg/12,4-D+0.5mg/l 玉米素的修改的 MS 培养基中,原生质体第4天出现了第一次分裂;约40天后,形成0.5—1mm 的细胞团。把它们转移到含有0.5mg/l 玉米素的液体 MS 培养基(大量元素减半)中,逐步发育成胚状体。在不含激素的 MS 固体培养基(大量元素减半)上,胚状体发育成完整植株。     

无机盐用量调整对太行菊不定芽增殖与生长的影响

以太行菊不定芽为材料,通过调整MS培养基中大量元素、微量元素、铁盐、Ca2+、K+的用量与配比,研究MS培养基不同的无机盐用量水平对太行菊不定芽增殖和生长的影响。结果表明,太行菊不定芽的增殖与生长适应较高含量的MS大量元素,降低培养基中的MS大量元素用量,不定芽分化数量减少,增殖系数降低,并且不定芽长势弱,叶片出现黄枯。单独加倍MS培养基中的K+(KNO3与KH2PO4)含量,可促进太行菊不定芽的增殖与生长,不定芽增殖系数明显高于对照及其他处理。增加或降低MS培养基中的Ca2+含量,对太行菊不定芽的增殖与生长影响不大;去掉培养基中的微量元素,不定芽的增殖与生长明显受到抑制,不定芽分化数量减少,且不定芽的叶片枯死严重。减半培养基中的铁盐含量,对不定芽的生长影响较小;但加倍培养基中的铁盐含量,对不定芽的增殖和生长均产生强烈的抑制作用。     

小花盾叶薯蓣的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称小花盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea parviflora). 　　2 材料类别茎段. 　　3 培养条件基本培养基为W培养基, 即把MS基本培养基中的大量元素改为B5的大量元素, 其它成分不变. 诱导及增殖培养基:(1)W 6-BA 2 mg*L-1(单位下同) IAA 0.2; 壮苗培养基:(2)W NAA 2; 生根培养基:(3)1/2MS(大量元素减半) IBA 2 0.04%活性炭. 以上培养基均添加3%蔗糖、0.7%的琼脂, pH 5.6～5.8. 培养温度为24～26℃, 光照时间16 h*d-1, 光照度2 000 lx. 　　……     

前列腺癌干细胞的分离及鉴定

前列腺癌DU145细胞在普通培养基中培养至对数生长期,无血清培养基重悬细胞培养至形成球状体,以细胞三维(3D)培养和二维(2D)培养方法分离前列腺癌类干细胞,观察细胞球的形成及其生长情况,通过CCK-8细胞增殖实验和细胞划痕修复实验检测所分离细胞的增殖能力,结果显示前列腺癌DU145细胞在普通培养基中呈长梭形贴壁生长,无血清培养基培养72 h形成大量细胞球聚集体,细胞3D培养分离的细胞球的透明度和形态比2D培养分离的细胞好,3D培养分离细胞的增殖能力和划痕修复能力明显强于2D培养分离细胞.因此,细胞3D培养技术联合无血清培养基有利于前列腺癌干细胞的分离.     

大半边旗孢子的组织培养

1 植物名称 大半边旗(Pteris dissitifolia Bak.),又名疏羽半边旗. 2 材料类别成熟孢子. 3 培养条件(1)孢子萌发培养基:1/2MS大量元素 10 g·L-1蔗糖;(2)原叶体增殖培养基:1/2MS大量元素 NAA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 0.5 30 g·L-1蔗糖;(3)愈伤组织诱导培养基:1/2MS 2,4-D 1 6-BA 0.5 10 g·L-1蔗糖;(4)孢子体诱导培养基:1/2MS大量元素 GA30.1 30 g·L-1蔗糖.     

活性炭和无机盐对马铃薯试管薯的诱导效应（简报）

培养基中大量元素与微量元素平衡有利于马铃薯试管微型薯的形成,提高培养基中P,K,Fe,Zn的含量利于微型薯的诱导,一定比例的大量元素,微量元素和活性炭有利于微型薯的形成,活性炭杂质中K,P,Fe,Zn的作用是主要的。     

平贝母花粉植株的诱导及无性系的建立

采用附加植物激素的MS、N_6、百合、米勒和改良怀特培养基,培养平贝母单核中期的花药,诱导出一些愈伤组织(平均诱导频率为0.20％),其中MS培养基的诱导效果最好。绝大多数再生植株出现在不加任何激素的1/2MS(其大量元素的含量是MS的一半)培养基上。再生植株的根尖细胞的染色体计数表明,约有1/4的细胞2n=12,证明再生植株是来源于花粉细胞的单倍体植株。在愈伤组织的分化培养中,建立起了能继代繁殖、不断保持绿苗分化能力的愈伤组织无性系。     

牡丹试管苗玻璃化的研究

以MS为基本培养基,研究品种、琼脂、6-BA、大量元素、蔗糖、光照等因素对牡丹试管苗玻璃化的影响。结果显示：不同品种的牡丹试管苗在组织培养的过程中,出现不同程度的玻璃化,增加培养基中琼脂浓度、降低细胞分裂素6-BA的浓度、降低大量元素的浓度和增加光照强度或采用自然光照均可以有效地降低试管苗玻璃化。     

Growth factor activation of MAP kinase requires cell adhesion.

The MAP kinase pathway is a major regulator of both normal and oncogenic growth. We report that activation of the MAP kinase ERK2 by serum or purified growth factors is strongly dependent on cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. This effect is specific to soluble growth factors, since suspended cells still activate ERK2 in response to plating on fibronectin, and is reversible. Analysis of endogenous Ras and Raf show that these proteins are still activated by serum in suspended cells, whereas MEK activity is inhibited. Conversely, activation of ERK2 by activated mutants of Ras and Raf is still adhesion-dependent but activation by MEK is not. Consistent with these results, activated MEK enhances growth of ras-transformed cells in suspension but not when adherent. These results identify a novel synergism between cell adhesion- and growth factor-regulated pathways, and explain how oncogenic activation of MAP kinases induces both serum- and anchorage-independent growth.     

Effect of oxygen supply on metabolism of immobilized and suspended Escherichia coli

The effect of reduced oxygen supply on the production of a recombinant protein (plasmid-encoded beta-galactosidase) was investigated in Escherichia coli. A novel modified bubble tank reactor was used to provide a direct comparison between immobilized and suspended cells in identical environments except for the immobilization matrix. Decreased oxygen supply led to increased beta-galactosidase synthesis by both immobilized and suspended cells. Immobilized cells produced similar amounts of beta-galactosidase as the suspended cells. Lactose consumption and acetate production, on a per cell basis, were significantly higher in immobilized cells, suggesting that immobilized cells utilized fermentative metabolism. However, a transport analysis of the immobilized cell system showed that immobilized cells were not subject to either external or internal mass transfer gradients.     

Cytochalasin B-induced depolymerization of F-actin in chick embryo fibroblasts is dependent on cell density and anchorage to substratum

The effect of cytochalasin B on F-actin amount and organization was measured in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) grown on solid substratum at low density, at high density, and suspended in a fluid medium. It was found that: 1) Cytochalasin B induced decrease in F-actin content only in cells growing at low density, in density-inhibited or suspended cells cytochalasin B had no effect on F-actin amount. 2) In cells grown at low density F-actin filaments organized in stress fibers are more resistant to cytochalasin B than F-actin which is not organized in fibrils. In cell density-inhibited or suspended in a fluid medium F-actin filaments are insensitive to the action of cytochalasin B, although they are not organized in stress fibers. These results are interpreted to reflect the influence of contact reactions on treadmilling in F-actin filaments.     

Variation of the HES concentration for the cryopreservation of keratinocytes in suspensions and in monolayers

It has recently been shown that keratinocytes, both in suspension and in monolayers, can be successfully cryopreserved with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (6, 9). HES is a nontoxic biodegradable macromolecule which is clinically approved as a plasma expander and which has already been used for the cryopreservation of red blood cells (10, 11). In this study we varied the HES concentration between 0 and 10 wt% in 2% steps for suspended cells and between 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% for monolayer cells in order to determine the effect on the survival rate and metabolic activity after cryopreservation. The experiments with the suspended cells were performed both with and without NCS. Cryopreserved keratinocytes can be transplanted onto patients for the treatment of deep dermal burns and leg ulcers. In this study, we achieved a survival rate of 80% for the suspended cells (10 wt% HES, 3 degrees C/min) and a survival rate of even 88% when the cells were cryopreserved as a monolayer using the same parameters. The addition of NCS did not improve the results for the suspended cells significantly.     

Scanning electron microscope evidence for bacterial colonization of a drinking-water distribution system.

The surfaces of water distribution mains and suspended particulate matter from drinking water were examined by using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature and extent of association of microorganisms with these surfaces. In addition, X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis was used to determine the elemental constitution of the pipe surface. Though distributed sparsely and randomly along the pipe surface, a variety of morphologically distinguishable bacteria-like structures and microcolonies were observed. The morphologies of the individual cells varied form chain-forming cocci to filamentous and prosthecate cell types. The iron-oxidizing bacterium Gallionella, recognized by its characteristic helical stalks, was observed both in water samples and attached to pipe surfaces. Attachment of some microbes to the pipe surface was apparently mediated by extracellular fibrillar appendages. Large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria were also evident adhering to the surfaces of suspended detritus or silt particles recovered from water samples by filtration. X-ray energy scans of the pipe surface revealed the presence of five major elemental constituents including silicon, phosphorous, sulfur, calcium, and iron. Smaller quantities of the elements zinc, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, and manganese were also detected. The public health significance of sessile microbial communities in drinking-water distribution systems is discussed.     

The effect of initial tonicity on freeze/thaw injury to human red cells suspended in solutions of sodium chloride

Human red blood cells, suspended in solutions of sodium chloride, have been frozen to temperatures between -2 and -14 degrees C and thawed, and the extent of hemolysis was measured. In parallel experiments, red cells were exposed to similar cycles of change in the composition of the suspending solution, but by dialysis at 21 degrees C. The tonicity of the saline in which the cells were initially suspended was varied between 0.6x isotonic and 4x isotonic; some samples from each experimental treatment were returned to isotonic saline before hemolysis was measured. It was found that the tonicity of the saline used to suspend the cells for the main body of the experiment affected the amount of hemolysis measured: raising the tonicity from 0.6x to 1x to 2x reduced hemolysis, both in the freezing and in the dialysis experiments, whereas raising the tonicity further to 4x reversed that trend. There was little difference between the freeze/thaw and the dialysis treatments for the cells suspended in 1x or 2x saline, whether or not the cells were returned to isotonic conditions. However, the cells suspended in 0.6x saline showed greater damage from freezing and thawing than from the comparable change in the composition of the solution, whether or not they were returned to isotonic conditions. Cells that were suspended in 4x saline and exposed to changes in salt concentration by dialysis showed less hemolysis when they were assayed in the 4x solution than cells that had received the comparable freezing/thaw treatment, but when the experiment included a return to isotonicity, the two treatments gave similar results. Returning the cells to isotonic saline had a negligible affect on the cells in 0.6x and 1x saline, but caused considerable hemolysis in the 2x and 4x samples, more so after dialysis than after freezing and thawing. We conclude that cells suspended in 0.6x and 4x saline behave differently from cells suspended in 1x and 2x saline and hence that cells suspended in a range of solutions of differing initial tonicity should not be treated as a homogeneous population. We argue that an effect of the unfrozen fraction of water (U) cannot be distinguished, within the framework of these freeze/thaw experiments alone, from an effect of initial tonicity, and that the biphasic nature of the correlation between haemolysis and U makes a causal connection improbable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

组成型过量表达hTERT对Vero细胞体外培养生物学特性的影响

目的：考察组成型过量表达人端粒酶催化亚单位（hTERT）对Vero细胞在无血清培养体系中的细胞形态、生长和代谢的影响。方法：以组成型过量表达hTERT的Vero细胞系T1为研究对象,以活细胞密度和细胞活力为主要观察指标,结合细胞形态和贴附伸展动态,考察T1细胞和野生型Vero细胞在静止贴附培养、微载体固定化培养和悬浮培养体系中的细胞生长;以葡萄糖比消耗速率（qglc）、乳酸比生成速率（qlac）、乳酸转化率（Ylac/glc）和谷氨酰胺比消耗率（qgin）为反映细胞代谢的主要观察指标,考察T1细胞和野生型Vero细胞在静止贴附培养、微载体固定化培养的细胞代谢。结果：hTERT组成型过量表达在降低Vero细胞的贴附伸展能力和对血清的依赖程度的同时,提高了细胞无血清批次培养后期的细胞活力和活细胞密度,并赋予了T1非贴附依赖性生长的能力。hTERT组成型过量表达未对Vero细胞的代谢产生明显的影响。结论：hTERT组成型过量表达可降低Vero细胞的贴附生长依赖性和对血清的依赖程度,是有应用潜力的改良哺乳动物细胞体外培养性状的技术途径。     

Ammonia production as a virulence expression by Mycoplasma salivarium

Rabbits were inoculated intracutaneously with M. salivarium (ATCC 23064) cells. The size of the resulting swelling was significantly larger in 1) the sites inoculated with viable cells (7.5 x 10(9) CFU) suspended in a medium with arginine (arginine medium) than in those inoculated with killed cells, and in 2) those inoculated with cells suspended in arginine medium than with cells suspended in arginine-free medium. The swelling was enhanced when rabbits had previously been immunized with the organism. This effect was concluded to be due to ammonia which the organism produced by the hydrolysis of arginine through the arginine-dihydrolase pathway.     

Significance of physical attachment of fungi for bio-treatment of water

The inhibitory effect of xenobiotics known to damage cell surface structures was studied. The sensitivity of suspended cells of the two fungi Candida maltosa and Fusarium proliferatum was compared with that of artificial or natural biofilms of these fungi. The results obtained indicate that the resistance of attached cell populations to model xenobiotics is increased compared with suspended cells. Only the attached fungal cells had the capacity to degrade acetone and phenol and to adapt to increasing concentrations of these substances, so they seem ideally suited for bioremediation of waste water.     

Adhesion to the extracellular matrix regulates the coupling of the small GTPase Rac to its effector PAK

The small GTPase Rac regulates cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, gene expression and oncogenic transformation, processes that depend upon both soluble growth factors and adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). We now show that growth factors and adhesion to the ECM both contribute independently and approximately equally to Rac activation. However, activated Rac in non-adherent cells failed to stimulate the Rac effector PAK. V12 Rac or Rac activated by serum translocated to the membrane fraction of adherent cells but remained mainly cytoplasmic in suspended cells. An activated Rac mutant lacking a membrane-targeting sequence did not activate PAK in adherent cells, while mutations that forced membrane targeting restored PAK activation in suspended cells. In vitro, V12 Rac showed greater binding to membranes from adherent relative to suspended cells, indicating that cell adhesion regulated membrane binding sites for Rac. These results show that ECM regulates the ability of Rac to couple with PAK via an effect on membrane binding sites that facilitate their interaction.