云南地方特产酒的氨基酸营养

本文测定分析了十一种云南特产酒中十七种氨基酸的含量。十一种酒中主要含鲜甜、药效氨基酸,其中核桃酒、松茸酒、乌鸡宝酒在氨基酸总量、必需、半必需氨基酸含量、赖氨酸含量、鲜甜、药效氨基酸总量都占前三位。     

发酵法生产β—胡萝卜菌丝体中氨基酸含量的分析

采用日立８３５－５０型氨基酸分析仪,测定了发酵法生产的β－胡萝卜素菌丝体及提取β－胡萝卜素后剩余的菌渣中氨基酸含量,结果表明：在氨基酸总含量中,必需氨基酸含量较高;在β－胡萝卜菌丝体、菌渣中、赖氨酸含量较高,谷氨酸含量最高。     

赤眼鳟肉质氨基酸成分研究初报

测定了赤眼鳟肉氨基酸组成。结果表明 ,赤眼鳟肉含有 17种氨基酸 ,其中赖氨酸含量最高 ,总氨基酸中的必须氨基酸的质量分数为 5 7.8%。     

淮山药中氨基酸含量的测定

用氨基酸分析仪测定了淮山药中各种氨基酸的组成。淮山药样品经酸水解处理,用氨基酸分析仪进行分析,结果表明:淮山药中含有苏氨酸,缬氨酸,蛋氨酸,苯丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,亮氨酸和赖氨酸等17种氨基酸,总氨基酸质量分数为7.256％,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量占总氨基酸含量的25.32％;说明淮山药在医学和营养学上都有很高的研究价值。     

大麦籽粒及花药愈伤组织的游离氨基酸含量分析

对同一基因型大麦花药愈伤组织与籽粒中的游离氨基酸含量尤其是赖氨酸含量之间的关系进行分析,结果表明,对同一基因型而言,愈伤组织及籽粒中的同一氨基酸含量高低具有相同趋势。同时着重分析了愈伤组织中游离脯氨酸的含量与绿苗分化的关系,结果表明游离脯氨酸含量高的愈伤组织,其绿苗分化率较高,说明脯氨酸对绿苗分化具有重要作用。966259的花药愈伤组织及籽粒中的游离氨基酸总含量及游离赖氨酸含量均最高。     

软枣猕猴桃氨基酸分析

本文应用日立—835型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了软枣猕猴桃不同部位的氨基酸含量。结果表明:软枣猕猴桃根、叶中均含有16种以上氨基酸,其中有8种人体必需氨基酸;果实中含有14种氨基酸,其中有6种必需氨基酸,精氯酸含量最高,其次为赖氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸和天门冬氨酸。     

72份青稞氨基酸组成与营养价值评价

为了解青稞氨基酸的组成及营养品质,本研究测定了72份青稞材料籽粒的17种氨基酸(色氨酸除外)含量,通过对供试青稞材料氨基酸含量进行聚类分析,并比较育成品种与地方品种的氨基酸组成差异,对青稞的氨基酸进行了营养价值评价。结果表明,青稞氨基酸总含量平均为87.454 mg/g DW,变幅为47.8~178.7 mg/g DW,其中必需氨基酸含量占37.15%,谷氨酸的含量最高且变异大,蛋氨酸含量最低,赖氨酸含量变异小,91.67%的青稞材料的第一限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸。青稞氨基酸的贴近度为0.903,与世界粮农组织(FAO)、世界卫生组织(WHO)、联合国大学(UNU)提出的模式蛋白质的必需氨基酸组成较接近,氨基酸比值系数分SRC(73.14)较高。非必需氨基酸占青稞总氨基酸含量的62.85%,其中鲜味和甜味氨基酸含量分别为26.58 mg/g DW和21.85 mg/g DW,分别占总氨基酸含量的30.04%和24.43%。不同青稞材料的氨基酸含量和营养价值有很大的差异,地方品种各氨基酸含量均高于育成品种。供试材料中有4份青稞的氨基酸营养价值及风味氨基酸含量均较高。研究结果可为优质氨基酸组成的青稞选育及青稞加工提供指导。     

发酵法生产β-胡萝卜素菌丝体中氨基酸含量的分析

采用日立８３５－５０型氨基酸分析仪,测定了发醇法生产的β－胡萝卜素菌丝体及提取β－胡萝卜素后剩余的菌渣中氨基酸含量,结果表明：在氨基酸总含量中,必需氨基酸含量较高;在β－胡萝卜素菌丝体、菌渣中,赖氨酸含量较高,谷氨酸含量最高。     

淮山药中氨基酸含量的测定

用氨基酸分析仪测定了淮山药中各种氨基酸的组成。淮山药样品经酸水解处理,用氨基酸分析仪进行分析,结果表明：淮山药中含有苏氨酸,缬氨酸,蛋氨酸,苯丙氨酸,异亮氨酸,亮氨酸和赖氨酸等17种氨基酸,总氨基酸质量分数为7．256％,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量占总氨基酸含量的25．32％;说明淮山药在医学和营养学上都有很高的研究价值。     

相思子属三种药材中的氨基酸分析比较

利用全自动氨基酸分析仪和高效液相色谱仪分析比较相思子属三种药材中氨基酸成分及含量。结果9个样品都检测出17种氨基酸和2种色氨酸衍生物。结论:不同样品中的氨基酸含量有所差异,但其中门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的含量相对较高。     

Expression and epitope analysis of the major allergenic protein Fag e 1 from buckwheat

Seeds of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) contain valuable nutritive substances but also allergenic proteins that cause hypersensitive reactions. Thus, the development of hypoallergenic buckwheat would make this important pseudo-cereal available to allergic people. A major allergenic protein of buckwheat is Fag e 1. We isolated the respective cDNA, coding for a 22 kDa protein, from a recently developed autogamous strain of common buckwheat and confirmed its immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding activity using recombinant Fag e 1 and sera of allergic patients. The derived amino acid sequence from Fag e 1 cDNA was used to synthesize an overlapping peptide library on nitrocellulose membranes for the determination of the Fag e 1 epitopes. We identified eight epitopes and the critical amino acids for IgE-binding within the epitopes. This epitope analysis of a major allergenic protein of buckwheat should help therapeutic efforts and aid in the development of hypoallergenic buckwheat.     

Cloning and characterization of a novel trypsin inhibitor (BTIomega1) gene from Fagopyrum esculentum.

Based on the amino acid information of trypsin inhibitor of buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench), degenerated primers were designed and a full-length cDNA sequence named BTIomega1 (Buckwheat Trypsin Inhibitor) was amplified from the leaves RNA by using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. Sequence analysis shows that the 392 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 216 bp, encoding 72 amino acids residues. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 96 and 93% homology with BWI-1 and BTI-2, a natural trypsin inhibitor from buckwheat seeds. Southern blotting suggested that three copies of BTIomega1 gene existed in the buckwheat genome. Moreover, a predicted secondary structure and 3D-structural model was constructed by homology modeling. To our knowledge, this is the first all-round report of the gene BTIomega1. The novel BTIomega1 gene has been submitted to the GeneBank under Accession No. DQ289792.     

Comparative Metabolomics Analysis between Red- and White-Flowered Common Buckwheat Cultivars

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a specialty crop in southwest China, is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages, such as tea and wine. To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization– tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red- (‘Guihong 2’) and white-flowered (‘Fengtian 1’) buckwheat cultivars. A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components, followed by organic acids and derivatives (126), and amino acids and derivatives (95). Besides, dozens of phenylpropanoids, nucleotides and derivates, lipids, alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected. Among these rich varieties of metabolites, 24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones, while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower, which mainly contained 5 lipids, 5 flavonoids, and 5 organic acids and derivatives. Our results enrich the metabolites’ information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.     

Identification of a New IgE-Binding Epitope of Peanut Oleosin That Cross-Reacts with Buckwheat

Peanut and buckwheat induce a severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, which is considered to be mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). We identified in this study a new IgE-binding epitope of the peanut allergen that cross-reacted with buckwheat. The phosphate-buffered saline-soluble fraction of buckwheat inhibited the binding between IgE and the peanut allergen. A cross-reactive peptide was isolated from the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of peanut. Based on the amino acid sequence and mass spectrometric analysis data, the peptide was identified as Ser-Asp-Gln-Thr-Arg-Thr-Gly-Tyr (SDQTRTGY); this sequence is identical to amino acids 2–9 in the N-terminal hydrophilic domain of oleosin 3 which is located on the surface of the lipid storage body. Synthetic SDQTRTGY was found to bind with IgE in the sera of all eight peanut-allergic patients tested. Since many foods of plant origin contain oleosin, the possibility of an anaphylactic cross-reaction in allergic patients should always be considered.     

Identification of a new IgE-binding epitope of peanut oleosin that cross-reacts with buckwheat

Peanut and buckwheat induce a severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, which is considered to be mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). We identified in this study a new IgE-binding epitope of the peanut allergen that cross-reacted with buckwheat. The phosphate-buffered saline-soluble fraction of buckwheat inhibited the binding between IgE and the peanut allergen. A cross-reactive peptide was isolated from the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of peanut. Based on the amino acid sequence and mass spectrometric analysis data, the peptide was identified as Ser-Asp-Gln-Thr-Arg-Thr-Gly-Tyr (SDQTRTGY); this sequence is identical to amino acids 2-9 in the N-terminal hydrophilic domain of oleosin 3 which is located on the surface of the lipid storage body. Synthetic SDQTRTGY was found to bind with IgE in the sera of all eight peanut-allergic patients tested. Since many foods of plant origin contain oleosin, the possibility of an anaphylactic cross-reaction in allergic patients should always be considered.     

不同来源仙草的氨基酸比较分析

采用盐酸水解法分析不同来源仙草的氨基酸组成及含量差异,结果表明供试仙草均含有17种氨基酸和7种必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量为4.75％～13.65％,17种氨基酸总量和7种必需氨基酸总量的高低顺序都是9＞10＞5＞8＞1 ＞6＞4＞3＞2＞7,均以9号仙草含量最高,7号仙草最低.各种氨基酸含量高低顺序相似,以谷氨酸、天门冬氨...     

Amino acid sequence of the protease inhibitor BWI-4a from buckwheat seeds

The complete amino acid sequence of protease inhibitor BWI-4a from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds, consisting of 67 amino acid residues with a single disulfide bond, has been established by Edman degradation in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Its N terminus is blocked by a pyroglutamic acid residue. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that inhibitor BWI-4a is present in buckwheat seeds in two isoforms with a single amino acid substitution of Ala40 for Gly40. The reactive site of the inhibitor contains an Arg43-Asp44 bond. Analysis of the amino acid sequence suggests that the buckwheat seed protease inhibitor is a member of the potato proteinase inhibitor I family.     

苦荞FtF5H基因克隆及表达分析

阿魏酸-5-羟基化酶(Ferulate 5-hydroxylase)是调控S型木质素合成的关键酶,为研究其在苦荞木质素生物合成途径中的分子机制,该文从苦荞转录组数据中筛选获得一个F5H基因,命名为FtF5H(GenBank登录号:MW455111),采用生物信息学方法对苦荞F5H蛋白的理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构、亚细胞定位、亲疏水性、蛋白质二级结构、蛋白质三级结构、氨基酸结构、系统进化树等进行分析和预测,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析FtF5H基因在厚果壳苦荞与薄果壳苦荞的叶、花、茎、果壳中的差异表达。结果表明:(1)FtF5H基因序列包含1395 bp的完整cDNA开放阅读框,编码464个氨基酸。(2)FtF5H蛋白具有P450超家族结构,为亲水性稳定酸性蛋白,不具有跨膜结构域,且为非分泌性蛋白。(3)FtF5H蛋白的二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,三级结构预测显示FtF5H蛋白与5ylw.1.A的相似度较高。(4)系统进化分析显示FtF5H属于CYP84A亚家族。(5)qRT-PCR显示FtF5H基因在两种苦荞中的不同部位均有表达,且在厚果壳苦荞果壳中的表达量是薄果壳的5倍,表达具有极显著差异。该研究为进一步研究苦荞木质素合成的分子调控机制奠定了基础,对苦荞新品种的培育具有重要意义。     

Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.)

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI contained 3947 nucleotides and was composed of 14 exons and 13 introns. The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%–75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%–57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%–77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%–70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. The critical residues which are involved in ADP and sugar binding were predicted. These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs.     

商品鹿鞭中氨基酸含量比较

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同品种与产地的9份鹿鞭药材中氨基酸成分的种类及含量。这9份样品中均含17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸6种。17种氨基酸中以甘氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最高;比较不同样品的含量,以辽宁西丰的梅花鹿鞭的总氨基酸含量最高,黑龙江梅花鹿鞭的必需氨基酸含量最高。结论为不同产地鹿鞭中氨基酸含量有一定差异,该方法可用于鹿鞭药材的质量评价。