大豆C4途径与光系统Ⅱ光化学功能的相互关系

测定了不同发育时期大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ（Ｌ）Ｍｅｒｒ．）“黑农４１”叶片的４种Ｃ４酶（ＰＥＰＣａｓｅ（磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶）、ＮＡＤＰ－ＭＤＨ（ＮＡＤＰ苹果酸脱氢酶）、ＮＡＤＰ－ＭＥ（ＮＡＤＰ苹果酸酶）和ＰＰＤＫ（丙酮酸磷酸二激酶））活性、荧光动力学数值（Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ（ＰＳⅡ活性）、ｑＰ（光化学淬灭）、ｑＮ（非光化学淬灭、ΦＰＳⅡ（有效ＰＳⅡ光化学效率））和光合速率。结果表明在“黑农４１”     

大田增温对夏玉米光合特性的影响

在大田条件下研究了增温对两个夏玉米品种农大108(ND108)和掖单13号(YD13)光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明:大喇叭口期到成熟期增温显著降低了夏玉米籽粒产量,ND108和YD13的籽粒产量分别较对照降低了46.6%和45.1%;叶面积指数平均值分别降低了15.4%和11.5%;穗位叶叶片光合速率平均值分别降低了22.85%和18.14%;两个玉米品种叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,但对叶绿素a的影响更显著.增温后玉米叶片的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)和核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性都显著降低,ND108、YD13叶片的PEPCase和RuBPCase活性分别较对照降低了51.1%、32.4%和29.5%、7.7%.     

兰属植物光合途径的研究

本文对兰属（Cymbidium）植物的七个种中的10个栽培种的光合途径进行了生理生化研究。结果表明,这些兰属植物叶片的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）和丙酮酸磷酸双激酶（PPDK）的活性很低,乙醇酸氧化酶的活性较高。在光下用α-羟基吡啶甲烷磺酸（α－HPMS）处理叶片后,乙醇酸积累量明显高于对照。叶绿素a／b比值在1．24—2．69之间。光合速率最低为0.96—3.33μmlCO2m-2S-1。这些结果表明所研究的几种兰属植物均为C3植物。     

转玉米PEPC基因水稻中有限的C4光合微循环及其生理作用

用转PEPC基因水稻(Oryza sativa L. subsp.japonica Kitaake)和原种水稻Kitaake为材料,研究了不同基因型水稻叶片中的C4光合微循环及其功能.通过测定与光合C4途径有关的关键酶,如磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)、NADP -苹果酸酶(NADP -ME)、NADP -苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP -MDH)和丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK),说明原种水稻叶片中具有完整的C4光合酶体系;用外源OAA或MA饲喂叶切片或叶绿体后明显增加光合速率,证明原种水稻中具有一个有限的光合C4微循环.将玉米的PEPC基因导入原种水稻后,可大幅度提高光合C4微循环的速率.测定不同基因型的CO2交换速率,看出水稻中C4光合微循环的增强有提高净光合速率(Pn)和降低光呼吸速率/净光合速率(Pr/Pn)比值的作用.叶绿素荧光特性分析表明,C4光合微循环的增强伴随着PSⅡ电子传递效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学猝灭(qP)的增加以及非光化学猝灭(qN)的降低;这些结果为通过基因工程手段提高作物光合效率的遗传育种提供了科学根据.     

转玉米PEPC基因水稻中有限的C4光合微循环及其生理作用

用转PEPC基因水稻(OryzasativaL.subsp.japonicaKitaake)和原种水稻Kitaake为材料,研究了不同基因型水稻叶片中的C4光合微循环及其功能。通过测定与光合C4途径有关的关键酶,如磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)、NADP -苹果酸酶(NADP -ME)、NADP -苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP -MDH)和丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK),说明原种水稻叶片中具有完整的C4光合酶体系;用外源OAA或MA饲喂叶切片或叶绿体后明显增加光合速率,证明原种水稻中具有一个有限的光合C4微循环。将玉米的PEPC基因导入原种水稻后,可大幅度提高光合C4微循环的速率。测定不同基因型的CO2交换速率,看出水稻中C4光合微循环的增强有提高净光合速率(Pn)和降低光呼吸速率/净光合速率(Pr/Pn)比值的作用。叶绿素荧光特性分析表明,C4光合微循环的增强伴随着PSⅡ电子传递效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学猝灭(qP)的增加以及非光化学猝灭(qN)的降低;这些结果为通过基因工程手段提高作物光合效率的遗传育种提供了科学根据。     

曲霉N1—14‘胞质酶活性与产L—苹果酸能力的关系

Ｌ－苹果酸（ＬＭＡ）高产突变株曲霉Ｎ１－１４’在高产酸状态下,其胞质中催化ＣＯ２固定反应的酶有四种：丙酮酸羧化酶（ＰＣ）、磷酸烯醇丙酮羧化酶（ＰＥＰＣ）、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶（ＰＣＫ）和苹果酸酶（ＭＥ）;除ＭＥ之外,三种羧化酶的活性与ＬＭＡ产生速率呈较好的线性正相关关系;苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性比ＰＣ等酶高２￣３个数量级;琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）活力则明显低,几种酶只有ＳＤＨ与发酵醪中ＬＭＡ含量     

Na_2CO_3胁迫下羊草苗的胁变反应及其数学分析

将羊草(Leymus chinensis L.)苗培养在含有1.25—30 mmol/Na_2CO_3的营养液中,胁迫处理6天,然后测定其相对生长抑制率等9项胁变指标。结果表明:在Na_2CO_3胁迫作用下羊草苗生长受到明显抑制,植物休内Na~ 含量急剧上升,而K~ 含量逐渐下降,脯氨酸、柠檬酸大量积累,电解质外渗率上升,叶绿素含量下降,两种光合羧化酶的活力均降低,但由于1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)活力下降的幅度明显大于磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase),所以,导致两酶活力比(PEPCase/RuBPCase)明显变大。对实验数据进行数学分析的结果显示:所测定的9项胁变指标与胁强(Na_2CO_3摩尔浓度的自然对数)间均具有可用关系式:Y=Ym/[1 Ke~(-(ax~2 bx))] C(Y为胁变值;Ym为最大胁变值;X为胁强,即No_2CO-3摩尔浓度的自然对数;K、a、b、c均为参数)或其变换式来表示的S型或倒S型曲线关系。     

大豆高光效育种研究进展

多年的研究证明 ,提高光合效率是提高大豆产量的重要途径。在高产条件下 ,高光效大豆 (GlycinemaxL .Merr.)品种与一般品种相比可提高产量 30 %～ 40 %,表明高光效育种有着广阔的发展前景。高光效育种虽然未能缩短育种时间 ,但为达到预定的高光效目标提供了“实时”监测 ,可免除目标的偏离 ,从而达到高光效与高产的同步提高。大豆叶片与豆荚均存在着高活性的有限的C4 途径循环 ,因此 ,通过常规育种或基因工程技术提高C4 途径酶的表达能力 ,可能是提高C3 植物光合效率的新突破点。     

谷子生长过程中光合特性的变化

谷子是C_4植物,但叶片中核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase,E.C.4.1.1.39)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP Case,E.C.4.1.1.31)的活性变化,CO_2补偿点的变化与叶位和叶龄有关。其初生叶和衰老叶并不表现典型的C_4特征,与成熟叶比较,RuBP Case活性和CO_2补偿点都相对较高,而且,也存在着结构上的差别。本实验结果表明所测植物在生长过程中存在着光合特性的变化。     

转C4光合酶基因水稻株系的抗光氧化特性

用经转入磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）,丙酮酸磷酸二激酶（PPDK）,NADP－苹果酸酶（NADPME）,PEPC＋PPDK等酶的基因的水稻株系及原种为材料,研究了光氧化条件下的叶绿素荧光特性和膜脂过氧化,光氧化处理后,与原种相比,转C4光合酶基因特别是转PEPC和转PEPC＋PPKD基因水稻株系的PSⅡ原初光化学效率（Fv/Fm),PSⅡ在照光下的实际光化学效率（φPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭（qp)下孤的比原种少,而非光化学猝灭（qN)增加的比原种多,说明在光氧化条件下,转C4光合酶基因水稻株系吸收的光能中有较多的光能转化为化学能,过剩的光能通过热耗散而减轻光破坏,同时转C4光合酶基因水稻株系吸收的光能中有较多的光能转化为化学能,过剩的光能通过热耗散而减轻光破坏;同时转C4兴合酶基因水稻株系诱导产生的内源活性氧清除酶系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）,过氧化物酶（POD）的活性比原种高,从而有效清除水稻叶片内的活性氧（O2^-,H2O2),使活性氧积累比原种少,因而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）产生较少,表明转C4光合酶基因特别是转PEPC和转PEPC＋PPDK基因水稻株系耐光氧化能力较强,在光氧化条件下,它们的叶绿素和蛋白质含量下降较少,表现出在耐光氧化特性,这些结果为应用生物技术创造耐光氧化种质提供了实验依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细