响应面法对小球藻Chlorella zofingiensis高产虾青素条件的优化

采用析因设计法(Plackett-burman)对影响Chlorella zofingiensis高产虾青素的相关因素进行评价,发现硝酸钠、光照强度、二价铁离子及醋酸钠浓度对虾青素产量影响显著.利用中心组合设计(central composite design)及响应面分析对影响虾青素产量的关键因素做进一步的优化,得到较佳的试验点为二价铁离子浓度0.41 mmol/L,硝酸钠浓度0.8 mmol/L,醋酸钠浓度37.1 mmol/L,光照强度650 E/m2×s.优化后虾青素产量从7.890mg/L提高到19.81mg/L,比优化前提高了2.5倍.     

细菌素发酵培养基的优化及动力学初步分析

用响应面方法对Lactococcus lactis生产细菌素乳链菌肽的培养基进行了优化。首先用部分重复因子实验对培养基组份蔗糖,大豆蛋白胨,酵母粉,KH₂PO₄,NaCl,MgSO₄·7H2O对乳链菌肽的影响进行评价,并找出主要影响因子为大豆蛋白胨和磷酸二氢钾,前者为负影响,后者为正效应,其它组份对乳链菌肽产量的影响不显著。第二步用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域。最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。菌株在优化培养基中的乳链菌肽产量增加1倍为2150(IU/mL)。动力学分析表明,菌株生长与细菌素的产生为部分耦联型,进入对数中期菌体比生长速率和细菌素比产率在优化培养基中均大于优化前培养基。     

法夫酵母高产虾青素的选育及发酵条件的优化

对法夫酵母原始菌株进行了紫外线－氯化锂复合诱变,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、在25℃条件下虾青素高产的菌株UL-40。其类胡萝卜素产量为7.10mg/L,经HPLC测定,其虾青素产量为643.97μg/g,比出发菌株提高了249.87%。利用SAS软件中的Plackett-Burman设计对发酵温度、初始pH值以及发酵培养基的八种组分进行优化组合,从中选出发酵温度、初始pH值和Corn steep liquor浓度为重要因素,通过响应面分析法建立了模型并从该模型中计算出在发酵温度为16.78℃、初始pH为4.73和CSL浓度为7.06mg/L时预测的最大响应值为3.9407mg/L,经实验证实此点的实测值为3.9261mg/L,证明模型是有效的并且存在极大值点。采用优化后的发酵条件及发酵培养基,法夫酵母生产虾青素的产量较原始发酵培养基提高了20.4%。     

产S-酰胺酶培养基统计学筛选与响应面优化

利用Design Expert软件中的两水平实验设计和响应面法,对发酵生产S-酰胺酶(可用于拆分2,2-二甲基环丙甲酰胺外消旋体)的培养基进行了优化。采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计对培养基中相关影响因素的效应进行评价并筛选出了有显著效应的葡萄糖、酵母粉及2,2-二甲基环丙甲酰胺浓度,其他因素对酰胺酶产量的影响不显著。然后用旋转中心组和实验设计及响应面分析确定了主要影响因素的最佳条件,在优化的培养基中,酰胺酶产量达到168 U/L,比优化前的80 U/L提高了110.0%。     

南极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.3-3-1-2产胞外多糖条件优化

利用单因子试验和响应面法对南极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.3-3-1-2产胞外多糖条件进行了优化。通过单因子试验确定菌株3-3-1-2产胞外多糖的最佳碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和KNO3,其最佳添加量分别为40 g/L和10 g/L;最适培养温度为15.0℃;最佳培养基盐度和初始p H分别为4.5%和9;并确定了对产糖有显著影响的单因素——碳源(蔗糖)、氮源(KNO3)和温度。通过Box-Behnken进行试验设计和Design-Expert响应面软件分析,得到了菌株3-3-1-2产胞外多糖发酵条件的优化条件:蔗糖43.1 g/L、KNO39.6 g/L和温度17.2℃。在此优化条件下,菌株3-3-1-2发酵液的粗胞外多糖产量可达3.03 g/L。     

响应面法优化蝙蝠蛾拟青霉发酵培养基配方

为了提高虫草无性型蝙蝠蛾拟青霉(Paecilomyces hepiali)菌丝体中的腺苷含量,采用响应面法对其液体发酵培养基配方进行了优化。首先采用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响蝙蝠蛾拟青霉腺苷收率的8个相关因素进行了筛选,从中确定其主要影响因子为马铃薯和蚕蛹粉。然后用最陡爬坡试验逼近上述2个因素的最大响应区域,并通过中心组合设计和响应面分析法,确定了主要影响因子的最佳浓度。优化后的培养基组成为:马铃薯8.25%,蔗糖1%,玉米粉1%,蛋白胨0.5%,蚕蛹粉0.81%,KH2PO40.1%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1%,(NH4)2 SO40.1%。该配方所产生的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体中腺苷含量由优化前的2.15 mg/g(干重)提高到3.44 mg/g(干重)。     

响应面法优化纤维堆囊菌SoF5-76产埃博霉素B发酵培养基

以纤维堆囊菌SOF5-76为试验菌株,用响应面分析法对其产埃博霉素B的培养基进行优化,以提高埃博霉素B的产量。在单因素试验的基础上,利用Plackett-Burman筛选出对埃博霉素B产量有显著影响的3个因素为马铃薯淀粉、脱脂奶粉和无水氯化钙,在此基础上通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最佳响应面区域;再运用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法进行回归分析,确定重要因素的最优浓度。得到最佳发酵培养基为:马铃薯淀粉3.9 g/L、脱脂奶粉2.2 g/L、无水氯化钙1.3 g/L、葡萄糖1 g/L,豆饼粉1.5g/L,七水硫酸镁2.5 g/L,EDTA-Fe3+3 mL/L,微量元素(TE)0.5 mL/L,VB121 mL/L。在此最优条件下发酵埃博霉素B的产量为29.95 mg/L,与模型预测值接近,发酵产量比优化前提高了1.1倍。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28产抗菌脂肽培养基优化

采用响应面方法对解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28产抗菌脂肽培养基进行优化,以提高其产量。利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响抗菌脂肽产量的3个主要因素:葡萄糖、硫酸镁和磷酸氢二钠。通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应值区域,利用响应面分析方法确定显著组份的最佳水平。结果表明,优化后的培养基组份为葡萄糖42.37 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,牛肉膏2 g/L,硫酸铵2 g/L,硫酸镁2.11 g/L,氯化钙0.1 g/L,硫酸锰0.1 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.5 g/L,磷酸氢二钠3 g/L,经3次平行试验验证,抗菌脂肽产量为1.75 g/L,比优化前提高了5.25倍。该研究优化了解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28提高抗菌脂肽产量的培养基,为抗菌脂肽的生产奠定基础。     

一株法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株的生产性能

为了评价虾青素高产菌株-法夫酵母JMU-MVP14的生产性能及建立虾青素高产发酵技术,通过测定糖、生物量、虾青素产量、总类胡萝卜素产量等发酵参数,用摇瓶试验对比了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14和出发菌株的差异,用7 L罐试验对比了pH值调控方式及补料培养基成分对发酵的影响,用1 m3罐试验评估了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14高密度发酵虾青素的产量水平。摇瓶发酵结果表明,法夫酵母JMU-MVP14虾青素及总类胡萝卜素的细胞产率分别达到6.01 mg/g及10.38 mg/g;7 L罐分批发酵试验结果表明,自动流加调     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia cepacia）CF-66发酵生产新型抗菌物质CF66I培养基的优化

利用基于统计学的实验设计RSM（Response surface methodology）优化了Burkholderia cepacia CF-66产新型抗菌活性物质CF66I的发酵培养基组成。首先,用部分重复因子实验对培养基组分NH4Cl,MgSO4·7H2O,柠檬酸钠及酵母粉浓度对菌株产CF66I的影响进行评价,找出主要影响因子为柠檬酸钠和酵母粉。两者均为正影响,其他组分对CF66I活性的影响不显著。其次用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域。最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。菌株在优化培养基中培养较初始培养基CF66I活性提高了约两倍。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细