Tom1L1在细胞信号转导及受体内吞中的研究进展

Tom1L1（Tom1 like 1）参与并调节细胞信号转导及受体运输通路。在不同细胞中Tom1L1对信号转导具有不同的调节作用。Tom1L1-CHC（clathrinheavychain）复合物减少Src蛋白在小窝（caveolae）处富集,从而阻碍Src蛋白与血小板衍生因子（platelet derived growth factor,PDGF）受体的结合。抑制PDGF受体介导的有丝分裂和转化信号传导。活化的表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）通过Src家族蛋白激酶（src family kinase,SFK）磷酸化T0m1L1,磷酸化的Tom1L1通过Grb2和Shc的桥梁作用与EGFR结合,介导EGFR的内吞进程。Tom1L1和Hrs（hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate）、TSG101（tumor susceptibility gene 101）的相互作用表明,它也可能参与了泛素化蛋白分选入多泡体的过程。该文就其在细胞信号转导通路及受体内吞／分选过程的作用作一综述。     

HER2与肿瘤浸润转移

原癌基因HER2/neu编码的2型人类表皮生长因子受体（human epidermal growth factor receptor type2,HER2）在许多肿瘤中有不同程度的表达。HER2被激活后可通过多种途径增强肿瘤细胞的浸润、转移能力,比如：促进肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制其凋亡、增加基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endot-helial growth factor,VEGF）等的表达。阐明HER2与肿瘤浸润转移的关系,将有可能为延长患者生存期,减少肿瘤复发、转移的针对性治疗提供理论依据。     

EGF及其受体对卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育的影响

EGF(epidermal growth factor)是较早发现的一种生长因子,有着多种生物学功能．EGF 的促生长功能主要是通过与细胞膜上的 EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor)结合而发挥作用的．EGF 及其受体在哺乳动物卵泡的生长发育、卵母细胞的成熟、早期胚胎发育等过程中,都起着十分重要的作用．     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃癌治疗靶基因表达的影响

胃癌发病及进展机制与多种致癌因素有关,其中幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)的感染是不可或缺的因素。近年来,越来越多的胃癌靶向及免疫治疗靶点被发现,其中人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor, HER-2)、表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor, EGFR)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1)作为癌症靶向治疗和免疫治疗常见的靶基因,在胃癌中的异常表达与Hp感染间的密切关系已逐渐被人们所认识。现就Hp感染诱导靶向治疗和免疫治疗相关靶基因异常表达的作用机制作一概述,旨在为Hp感染的胃癌患者靶向治疗和免疫治疗方案的制定提供新的思路。     

乳腺癌相关的细胞内信号通路

乳腺癌是女性中常见的恶性肿瘤之一.乳腺癌的发生、发展、转移及耐药性的产生与细胞内的信号通路密切相关,其中雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)信号通路、胰岛素样生长因子受体（insulin-like growth factor receptor,IGFR)信号通路和表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）信号通路尤为重要．深入了解ER、IGFR和EGFR三条信号通路的作用机制及它们之间的交叉对话对于寻找新的更有效的肿瘤治疗靶点至关重要．本文综述了近年来有关ER、IGFR和EGFR三条信号通路研究进展及这三条通路与乳腺癌关系．     

HER2阳性乳腺癌靶向治疗药物Herceptin耐药机制的新进展

人类表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2)是乳腺癌中最重要的癌基因,在乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移和演化等过程中发挥着重要作用。Herceptin,一种人源化单克隆抗体,已广泛用于HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的临床治疗中,疗效显著,并已成为靶向治疗的一线药。然而,大部分HER2阳性的乳腺癌患者在接受Herceptin治疗一年后会发生耐药。现对Herceptin耐药的可能机制、恢复药物敏感性的可能方法及最新研究进展进行综述,以期为Herceptin耐药研究提供新的思路。     

Estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling suppresses the transcription of ERRF in breast cancer cells

正The estrogen receptor(ER)-related factor(ERRF)was previously reported as a novel modulator of breast cancer(Su et al.,2012).Its expression was upregulated in breast cancer,and increased ERRF expression was significantly associated with ER and/or progesterone receptor(PR)positivity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)negativity(Su et al.,2012).In addition,ERRF was necessary for ER-positive breast cancer cells to form tumors in     

血小板衍生生长因子受体结构与功能的研究

血小板衍生生长因子受体(platelet-derived growth factor receptor, PDGFR),包括PDGFRα和PDGFRβ,属于第三类受体酪氨酸激酶家族.它们参与血管再生和创伤修复等重要生理过程,并能够促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移与存活.目前,在多种肿瘤、纤维化以及心血管疾病中均检测到高表达或突变的PDGFR受体以及高表达的血小板衍生生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF), PDGF/PDGFR已成为基础生物学与转化医学研究所关注的重要靶点.本文总结了当前关于PDGFR的结构与功能研究,对PDGF/PDGFR信号传导机制以及PDGF/PDGFR信号异常与疾病的关系进行了梳理,论述了针对该信号通路的多种靶向药物的治疗机制,并对今后研究方向进行了展望.     

Src与胶原同源插头蛋白(Shc)调控曲格列酮引起的PAE细胞自噬

【目的】明确Src与胶原同源插头蛋白(Src homology and collagen homology,Shc)调控曲格列酮(troglitazone,TZ)引起的猪血管内皮(porcine aortic endothelial,PAE)细胞自噬的机制。【方法】我们先利用激光共聚焦显微镜、蛋白免疫杂交检测了TZ引起的PAE细胞自噬;然后通过siRNA干扰敲降Shc,转染wtShc、3mShc等质粒的方法确定了p52Shc参与自噬的调控;最后通过siRNA干扰敲降Ulk1得到最终结论。【结果】通过研究发现,敲降Shc,会增加细胞的自噬;而过量表达p52Shc抑制了TZ引起的细胞自噬;p52Shc抑制自噬与其自身的酪氨酸磷酸化位点Tyr239、Tyr240和Tyr317相关;同时发现,p52Shc能抑制自噬调节分子磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)及其下游底物Unc51样激酶1(UNC-51-like kinase-1,Ulk1)的活性。【结论】Shc通过调控AMPK与Ulk1的磷酸化调节TZ引起的细胞自噬。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细