兴奋性氨基酸加强高原低氧大鼠下丘脑前生长抑素原mRNA的表达

目的和方法：应用大鼠高原低氧模型及原位杂交技术和氨基酸测定法,研究下丘脑前生长抑素原（ＰＰＳ）ｍＲＮＡ表达和谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）、天门冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）含量的变化。结果：高原低氧组大鼠下丘脑Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ的含量明显增多,室周核、室旁核、弓状核ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目显著增加;而ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗抗剂氯铵酮,虽然对Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ含量无明显影响,但可使高原低氧大鼠下丘脑ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目减少     

肝炎平对D－氨基半乳精所致肝损害保护作用的酶组织化学研究

本实验采用Ｄ－氨基半乳糖（Ｄ－ＧａｌＮ）诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察大鼠肝脏组织化学的变化,探讨肝炎平对急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验分为四组,即正常对照组、模型组、肝炎平及肝得健保护组。结果表明：肝炎平对肝细胞膜系统有一定的保护作用。肝炎平组和肝得健组ＳＤＨ、ＣＣＯ及ＣｈＥ活性明显高于模型组,且与正常对照组相近。本实验模型组ＡＣＰ的活性明显高于正常组,而肝炎平组ＡＣＰ的活性明显低于模型组,与正常对照组无显著性差异。提示：肝炎平可显著改善因Ｄ－氨基半乳糖所致肝损害的作用。且其对肝细胞的保护作用与肝得健一致。     

蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定

少棘巨蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）经９５％乙醇脱脂后,再经４℃水冷渗,水提液低温旋转浓缩,冻干,得到的冻干粉先后经过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５柱,等电聚焦制备电泳,再经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０柱,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱,最后经ＨＰＬＣ制备得到一个纯的碱性蛋白,命名为ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ．该蛋白经ＨＰＬＣ、超薄等电聚焦电泳检验是均一的．采用ＨＰＬＣ和Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－ＰａｋＴＭ１２５柱测定其分子量为２４．６４ｋＤ．ＩＥＦ－ＨＰＣＥ显示其等电点为９．２７．氨基酸分析表明ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ含较多的Ａｒｇ、Ｌｙｓ等碱性氨基酸,另外还含有较多的Ａｌａ、Ｌｅｕ．使用蛋白质自动序列分析仪测定了ＳＳｍｐ－ｄＮ端的１１个氨基酸,序列为ＮＨ３＋－Ａｓｐ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｓｅｒ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ－Ａｓｐ－Ｐｒｏ．     

人血浆HDL对动脉粥样硬化家兔肝细胞膜 LDL受体活性影响的研究

高胆固醇饲料喂养造成的动脉粥样硬化（Ａｓ） 模型家兔通过静脉注射人血浆ＨＤＬ 制剂, 观察ＨＤＬ 对Ａｓ家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ受体活性的影响． 结果发现, 摄取高胆固醇饲料的Ａｓ 家兔, 其肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ 受体 Ｋｄ 值虽无明显变化但Ｂｍａｘ 值显著减小（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１ , 与正常对照组比较） ; 注射ＨＤＬ 制剂后, Ａｓ 家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ受体Ｋｄ 值仍无明显改变, 但Ｂｍａｘ 值却显著回升（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１ , 与高脂组比较） ． 表明人血浆ＨＤＬ 具有增加Ａｓ 家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ 受体活性的作用．     

支链氨基酸对心肌缺血大鼠体内抗氧化系统的影响

用异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ）造成大鼠心肌缺血动物模型,观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血损伤体内抗氧化系统及游离氨基酸的影响。结果表明,ＢＣＡＡ能明显降低体内的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平,保护了体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的酶活力;并使心肌中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸水平显著升高,血清和心肌中丙氨酸水平显著提高。因此,给予ＢＣＡＡ对心脏缺血性损伤具有一定的防护效果。     

诱发肝癌过程中脂类和磷脂酶动态变化的相关性

研究了二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌过程１,２－甘油二酯（ＤＡＧ）,磷脂和磷脂酶的动态变化及其相互关系,高效薄层层析发现肝中ＤＡＧ在第８周出现第一高峰,以后维持高于正常的水平,１４周进一步增高,但以后下降,磷脂组分测定发现只有磷脂酰胆碱（ＰＣ）和肌醇磷脂类（ＰＩｓ）在诱癌过程中降低,有可能成为ＤＡＧ的来源,但ＰＣ可能是主要的,因ＰＩｓ减少的量远小于ＤＡＧ增加的量,进一步用酶偶联比色法测定ＰＣ专一性磷脂酶     

肾神经传入纤维在DOCA—salt大鼠高血压形成中的作用

于大鼠皮下埋入含醋酸去氧皮质酮（ＤＯＣＡ）的交管以形成ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压,其中一组动物在埋管前切除（Ｔ９－Ｌ２）脊髓右侧背根神经,每周以尾套法测定大鼠收缩压,埋管后６周测定大鼠脑和血浆中儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）的浓度,用电脑血管显微图像分析系统测量血管的结构变化。与对照鼠相比,ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压大鼠下丘脑和延脑 肾上腺素含量和ＡｎｇⅡ放免活性及血浆去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）     

内皮源性舒张因子对内皮损伤的大鼠胸主动脉中血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响

利用放免测定法在大鼠胸主动脉内皮损伤内膜增生模型上观察了内皮源性舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ和抑制剂ＬＮＮＡ对内皮损伤血管局部ｃＧＭＰ（ＥＤＲＦ的效应物）和Ａｇ－Ⅱ水平的影响。结果发现,动脉血管内皮损伤后,其ｃＧＭＰ含量显著下降,血管局部Ａｇ－Ⅱ水平明显上升;ＬＮＮＡ可使这一现象更加明显;而Ｌ－Ａｒｇ却可使内皮损伤动脉中下降的ｃＧＭＰ明显上升,使其升高的局部Ａｇ－Ⅱ水平明显下降。表明ＥＤＲＦ可通过ｃＧＭＰ途径抑制内皮损伤的动脉中Ａｇ－Ⅱ的产生。     

一组丝瓜籽小分子核糖体失活蛋白LuffinS的分离、纯化和性质

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＣＭ－５２阳离子交换层析、ＨＲＬＣ分子排阻层析及ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＳ离子交换层析等步骤,从丝瓜籽中分离到一组分子量为８ｋＤ左右的小分子核糖体失活蛋白——ＬｕｆｉｎＳ１、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ３。末端分析结果表明,它们的Ｎ端氨基酸分别为Ａｌａ、Ｐｒｏ和Ｔｈｒ。氨基酸序列分析确定了ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２的Ｎ端９个氨基酸的序列是Ｐｒｏ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｇｌｎ－Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌａ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｓｐ。ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ对核糖体的失活机制与天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）一致,是ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶催化型的。它们对无细胞蛋白质生物合成的抑制活性较ＴＣＳ略强,ＩＣ５０分别为１．３×１０－１１、１．０×１０－１０和６．３×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右。因此ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ有可能开发成免疫毒素的高效“弹头”。     

记忆增强肽促进大鼠海马内CREB磷酸化

五肽ＺＮＣ（ＣＰＲ（ｐＢＧｌｕ－Ａｓｎ－Ｃｙｔ－Ｐｒｏ－Ａｒｇ－ＯＨ）是精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）在脑内的天然酶解产物,具有促进学习记忆的中枢效应。为了进一步阐明其作用的分子机制,以整体大鼠海马及离体大鼠海马切片为对象,研究了ＺＮＣ（Ｃ）ＰＲ对ｃＡＭＰ反应元件结合蛋白（ＣＲＥＢ）磷酸化的作用。发现ＺＮＣ（Ｃ）ＰＲ及其类似物ＮＬＰＲ能诱导大鼠海马内ＣＲＥＢ磷酸２化,该作用能被其拮抗剂ＺＤＣ（Ｃ）ＰＲ、Ｇ     

脂氧素A_4对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的观察脂氧素A4(LXA4)对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用并初步探讨其机制。方法采用D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)+脂多糖(LPS)建立大鼠急性肝衰竭动物模型。30只大鼠随机分为四组:正常组、模型组、脂氧素组、四氢化吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)组。肝组织病理切片观察肝组织损伤情况;自动生化仪检测肝功能;ELISA法检测血清TNF-α及IL-6水平;免疫组化法检测肝组织核因子κB(NF-κB)表达。结果大鼠急性肝衰竭时,肝组织炎症坏死明显,肝脏转氨酶明显升高,血清IL-6及TNF-α水平显著升高,肝组织NF-κB表达明显增强;脂氧素组及PDTC组组织学改变均明显好转,肝脏转氨酶、细胞因子及NF-κB表达明显下降(与模型组比较,P0.01,);脂氧素组及PDTC组比较,上述指标之间P0.01。结论 LXA4对大鼠急性肝衰竭有明显的保护作用,这种保护作用部分是通过阻断肝组织NF-κB活化,减少促炎细胞因子的释放来实现的。     

Plasma amino acid imbalance in alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma glucagon and serum insulin levels were studied in male patients with compensated alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. Age, nutritional status, and liver function tests were similar in both groups; none of the patients presented hepatic encephalopathy. Plasma valine and leucine concentrations were lower, and tyrosine, higher in alcoholic than nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. As a result, the molar ratios of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to aromatic amino acids (AAA) were reduced markedly in this group. Although correlation coefficients comparing BCAA/AAA ratios and KICG in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis were similar, a steeper regression line was observed in alcoholics. Plasma glucagon and proline levels were significantly higher in alcoholic than nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, the former correlated with AAA concentrations only in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but not with BCAA levels. These results indicated that alcoholic liver cirrhosis presented a more deranged plasma amino acid pattern than nonalcoholic, and the amino acid imbalances, except for depressed BCAA and elevated proline, were derived, in part, from the hyperglucagonemia.     

恩替卡韦改善了乙型肝炎病毒所致急性肝衰竭的预后

目的：阐明乙型肝炎相关急性肝衰竭的预后因素和恩替卡韦的疗效。方法：本研究回顾性选取了47名因感染乙型肝炎病毒而明确诊断急性肝衰竭的患者,其中5名短期内行肝移植手术被排除,其余42名患者的数据被总结分析。结果：42名患者中12名患者服用了恩替卡韦,在诊断之初,服用恩替卡韦组和未服用恩替卡韦组的一般情况基本相当。使用与未使用恩替卡韦者的生存率分别为67%和23%,此外,年龄〉45岁和没有服用恩替卡韦是不良预后的两个独立相关因素。在年龄〉45岁的患者中使用恩替卡韦和未使用恩替卡韦者的存活率分别为50%和8%。结论：本研究证实了恩替卡韦对乙肝相关急性肝衰竭的治疗作用,我们建议所有乙型肝炎病毒引起的急性肝衰竭患者均应尽早开始恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗。     

Hongjam prevents hepatic damage against ethanol-induced fatty liver disease in rats

Silkworm, Bombyx mori, contains beneficial components such as protein, minerals, amino acids and omega-3. We previously reported a technique to produce silkworms in an easy to eat Hongjam. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Hongjam (50, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight) on ethanol liver damage was investigated. Normal diet, ethanol, ethanol with Hongjam were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Administration of Hongjam reduced triglyceride levels in plasma and liver. In addition, plasma concentrations of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly decreased in the Hongjam administered group. Moreover, Hongjam administration effectively reduced the plasma level of interleukin-1 beta, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that dietary intake of Hongjam can prevent alcoholic liver disease.     

In vivo evidence for accelerated generation of hydroxyl radicals in liver of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats with acute hepatitis

The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats accumulate excess copper (Cu) in the liver in a manner similar to patients with Wilson's disease (WD) and spontaneously develop acute hepatitis with severe jaundice. Although hydroxyl radicals (*OH) have been proposed to be a cause of hepatitis by the accumulation of Cu, it is not clear whether or not *OH can be produced in the liver of hepatitic LEC rats in vivo and also can be involved in the onset of hepatitis. In the present study, *OH production in plasma and liver of hepatitic LEC rats was quantified by trapping *OH with salicylic acid (SA) as 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2, 3-DHBA). The ratios of 2, 3-DHBA/SA were significantly higher in plasma and liver of hepatitic LEC rats than those of Wistar rats and LEC rats showing no signs of hepatitis. Furthermore, the ratios of 2, 3-DHBA/SA in plasma and liver of hepatitic LEC rats were almost the same as those of Wistar rats treated orally with CuSO(4) (0.5 mmol/kg) 2 h before acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) injection. We also evaluated the protective effects of D-mannitol (a *OH scavenger) treatment against acute hepatitis in LEC rats. D-mannitol (500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to 10-week-old LEC rats for 3 weeks. D-mannitol treatment suppressed the increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and total bilirubin concentration. In addition, D-mannitol treatment significantly reduced hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, which is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of Cu-induced hepatotoxicity. These observations suggest that accelerated generation of *OH catalyzed by free Cu in the liver may, at least in part, play a role in the pathogenesis of acute hepatitis in LEC rats.     

Dietary amino acid taurine ameliorates liver injury in chronic hepatitis patients

The effect of dietary amino acid taurine on the liver function of chronic hepatitis patients was investigated. The 24 chronic hepatitis patients with 2-5 times over normal activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were selected and equally divided into taurine treatment and control groups. In taurine treatment group, each patient took 2 g taurine 3 times a day for three months, and then stopped treatment for 1 month. Patients taking placebo without taurine for 4 months served as a control group. ALT and AST activities and levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and thiobarbituric acid relative substances of serum plasma in the taurine group were all decreased at the end of three month treatment. The study suggested that dietary amino acid taurine may ameliorate liver injury for chronic hepatitis patients.     

Plasma amino acids in four models of experimental liver injury in rats

Summary We studied the plasma amino acid profiles in four models of hepatic injury in rats. In partially hepatectomized rats (65% of liver was removed) we observed significant increase of aromatic amino acids (AAA; i.e. tyrosine and phenylalanine), taurine, aspartate, threonine, serine, asparagine, methionine, ornithine and histidine. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; i.e. valine, leucine and isoleucine) concentrations were unchanged. In ischemic and carbon tetrachloride acute liver damage we observed extreme elevation of most of amino acids (BCAA included) and very low concentration of arginine. In carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis we observed increased levels of AAA, aspartate, asparagine, methionine, ornithine and histidine and decrease of BCAA, threonine and cystine. BCAA/AAA ratio decreased significantly in partially hepatectomized and cirrhotic rats and was unchanged in ischemic and acute carbon tetrachloride liver damage. We conclude that a high increase of most of amino acids is characteristic of fulminant hepatic necrosis; decreased BCAA/AAA ratio is characteristic of liver cirrhosis; and decrease of BCAA/AAA ratio may not be used as an indicator of the severity of hepatic parenchymal damage.Abbreviations BCAA branched-chain amino acids (i.e. valine, leucine and isoleucine) - AAA aromatic amino acids (i.e. tyrosine and phenylalanine)     

Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in rats by inhibiting caveolin-1 downstream signaling pathway

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-injury and anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Sprague–Dawley rats and its possible mechanism.Methods: The acute liver injury model of male rats was established by injecting LPS into tail vein. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of rats was recorded at 0–7 h, and lactic acid was detected at different time points. Wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) was calculated. Pathological changes of rat liver were observed by HE staining. ALT and AST levels in serum were detected. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue homogenate and the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were detected by ELISA. Protein levels of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), TLR-4 and NLRP3 in liver tissue were tested by immunohistochemistry method. The expression of Cav-1, TLR-4 and NLRP3 mRNA in liver tissue was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to explore its related mechanism.Results: Compared with NS group, serum lactic acid, W/D of liver tissue, MPO, SOD, IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased and MAP decreased significantly in LPS group and D+L group. However, compared with NS group, D group showed no significant difference in various indicators. Compared with LPS group, MPO, SOD, IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased and MAP was significantly increased in D+L group. D+L group could significantly increase the level of Cav-1 protein and decrease the level of TLR-4 and NLRP3 protein in liver tissue caused by sepsis. The expression of Cav-1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated and the expression of TLR-4 and NLRP3 mRNA was inhibited in D+L group.Conclusion: Dex pretreatment protects against LPS-induced actue liver injury via inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway by up-regulating the expression of Cav-1 by sepsis.     

Protein metabolism during an acute phase response in chickens

Summary. Fractional rates of liver, muscle, plasma and acute phase portein synthesis were measured in chickens injected with saline or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Single Comb White Leghorns were infused with a primed constant infusion of ¹⁵N-L-methionine and ²H₅-L-phenylalanine into the portal vein for 2 h. Changes in plasma amino acid enrichment were similar for both amino acids reaching an apparent plateau by the 30 min sampling time. The enrichment of plasma protein-bound amino acid was measurable after 1 h of isotope infusion and increased linearly over 2 h. LPS injection decreased free phenylalanine enrichment in the carotid artery (50%), and reduced tissue free methionine enrichment in the liver, pectoralis, and gastrocnemius by 16, 41, and 31% respectively. Isotopic enrichment of phenyl-alanine in liver protein, plasma protein and hemopexin increased in LPS injected birds relative to control birds. Fractional rates of muscle protein synthesis were not affected by LPS injection, however, liver protein, plasma protein, and hemopexin fractional synthesis rates increased 141, 161 and 266% respectively compared with untreated animals. Received November 18, 2000 Accepted October 17, 2001