向日葵染色体Giemsa C-带带型分析

采用HKG(HCl-KOH-Giemsa)法对内葵杂3号三交种染色体进行了C-分带研究和分析。结果表明:每条染色体至少都有一条C-分带,染色体组共有62条C-分带,以中间带和着丝点带为主,中间带主要分布在染色体短臂上;C-分带强弱差异明显,其中46条强带,16条弱带。Giemsa C-分带带型公式为:2n=2x=34=8I++3T++5I+I+T++4C+2CI+4CI++3CI++I+T++CT++2CT+。每条染色体都显示出显著的带纹特征,因此,利用Giemsa C-分带方法可以将向日葵的每条染色体区分开。     

毛百合根尖染色体Giemsa C-带分析

本研究利用Giemsa C-带方法对毛百合(Lilium dahuricum Ker-Gawl)根尖染色体进行了分析。研究结果表明毛百合试管苗的染色体倍性变异丰富,染色体倍性变异包括二倍体(2n=2×=24)、三倍体(2n=3×=36)、四倍体(2n=4×=48)到六倍体(2n=6×=72)。对二倍体毛百合的C-带结果进行分析,其带型公式为:2n=2×=24=2CI++2CI+T+T++6I+2I++2I++2I+T++2I+T++2I+T++2T++2T+。每条染色体上都显示出显著的特征带,而且带纹的深浅差异明显。强带主要集中在长短臂上。因此,GiemsaC-带方法可以将毛百合(L.dahuricum)的每条染色体区分开。     

二种薏苡的核型和C-带带型的研究

川谷和薏苡的核型极为相似,2n=20=18m(2SAT)+2sm,属较为对称的核型。它们的C-带带型也极为相似,多数为端带,少数为弱近端带,没有着丝点带,薏苡的带比川谷的带要丰富些。川谷的C_-带带型可表示为:2n=20=6T_++2T_+~++2T_+S+10,薏苡的C_-带带型为:2n=20=6T_++6T~++6T_+~++2S。     

沅江芦荟染色体核型和Giemsa C-带带型

为了非富芦荟的基础理论研究,给芦荟的遗传育种提供细胞学依据,采用F-BSG制片法,对沅江芦荟染色体组型及Giemsa C-带带型进行了研究。结果表明：沅江染色体数目为2n=14,核型公式为2n=14st 6sm 4m,染色体长度比为2.20,N.F值为24,属3B核类型;染色体相对长度组成为2n=14=4L 2M2 6M1 2S;Giemsa C-带带型主要为着丝点带和部分全带。     

向日葵染色体Giemsa C-分带研究

采用HKG (HCI-KOH-Giemsa)法对内葵杂3号三交种染色体进行了C-分带研究和分析.结果表明:每条染色体至少都有一条C-分带,染色体组共有62务C-分带,以中间带和着丝点带为主,中间带主要分布在染色体短臂上;C-分带强弱差异明显,其中46条强带,16条弱带.Giemsa C-分带带型公式为:2n =2x =34 =8I++3T++5I+I+T++4C +2CI+4CI+ +3CI+ +I+T++CT++2CT+.每条染色体都显示出显著的带纹特征,因此,利用Giemsa C-分带方法可以将向日葵的每条染色体区分开.     

哀牢蟾蜍和新疆绿蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs

本文报道了云南的哀牢蟾蜍和新疆绿蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。新疆绿蟾蜍2n=44(36M+8SM),NF=88,除Nos.7,8,13,14四对是SM外,其余诸对均为M,一对随体和Ag-NORs位于12q ter,C-带位于全部染色体的着丝点区域,随体位置也显示C-带,并有少数不稳定的端位和插入型C-带。推测它可能是来自欧洲绿蟾蜍的老四倍体类型。哀牢蟾蜍2n=22(20M+2SM),NF=44,其中只有No.7为SM,一对Ag-NORs和随体位于6q ter,但该区域不着染C-带;全部染色体的着丝点显示不同程度的C-带正染;本种未发现与性别相关的异形染色体。最后,文中讨论了蟾蜍属的核型演化机制。     

河南花背蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs研究

利用骨髓细胞蒸汽固定法制备染色体标本,研究了分布于河南新乡的花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。结果表明：河南产花背蟾蜍体细胞染色体数为22条,核型公式为2n=22(20m 2sm),全部为中部或亚中部着丝点染色体,NF=44。Ag-NORs具有多态现象。C-带核型显示22条染色体的着丝点均正染,No．1染色体近着丝粒处有不恒定插入型C-带,No．4染色体具有恒定近端部插入型C-带,随体部位被正染的仅占所观察细胞的15％。     

沙田柚染色体组型及Giemsa带型分析

本文以沙田柚为材料,对其染色体组型及带型进行了观察分析。组型分析:染色体数目2n=18,根据染色体的相对长度分成大小染色体两种类型,前者包括1、2、3、4和5对,后者为6、7、8和9对,根据臂比,9对染色体能够被分成中部着丝点和近中着丝点染色体两种类型。即第5、7,9对为亚中部着丝点,其余为中部着丝点,第6对染色体上有随体;Giemsa带型:除第二对染色体只显中间带外,其余都显着丝点带,并在3、4、8对染色体短臂上和2、3、1对染色体长臂上均显端带,第2、3,6对同源染色体之间的C带显示杂合性。     

救荒野豌豆的核型和带型简报

救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)是豆科野豌豆属植物,是一种优良的绿肥和饲料。根尖用0.005%秋水仙素预处理2小时,改良苯酚品红压片,供核型分析。分带用去壁低渗法制片,BSG技术处理。结果如下:染色体数2n=12。染色体的相对长度在10.64%—21.13%之间。臂比值在1.55—2.88之间。第1和3对为中部着丝点染色体,第2、4、5和6对为次中部着丝点染色体,第5对具随体。其核型公式为2n=12=4m+8sm(2SAT)。带型分析结果如下:第1对染色体具着丝点带和长、短臂上具末端带,第2对染色体除具着丝点带和长、短臂上末端带外,在长臂上还具中间带,第3对带型与第1对相同,第4、6对染色体长、短臂上都具末端带,第5对具着丝点带、末端带和次缢痕带。其带型公式为2n=12=4CT+2CTI_++4T+2CTN。与朱凤绥等人的报道结果有差异。     

玉米8个栽培亚种（类型）的核型和C—带带型的比较研究

本文首次报道了玉米8个亚种、2个亚型和2个杂交品种的核型和Giemsa C-带带型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=20。主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。第6染色体短臂均具随体,但大小不同。所有材料均显示有亚端带和端带,在第6染色体的短臂上显示有NOR或/和随体带。C-带的分布、总数目和总长度各不相同。其总带数变异于6至18之间,C-带总长度为5.65—11.40％之间。在核型中,具中部着丝点的染色体数目及C-带总数,罕见栽培或原始的类型通常多于广泛栽培的类型。此外,有关核型和C-帝的变异和进化也进行了简略的讨论。     

Studies on the Karyotypes and C-Banding Patterns of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra ) and Cabbage ( B. oleraca var.eapitata)

The karyotypes of B. alboglabra and B. oleracea var. capitata were analyzed by an improved technique. The diploids of the two species consist of 4 pairs of metacentric and 5 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (1 pair of satellites). The karyotype formula is summarized as 2n =18=8m+10sm (2 SAT). But the relative positions of some similar chromosomes are different in the genomes. Four kinds of satellites were observed in B. oleracea var. capitata. C-banding patterns were obtained by BSG C-banding. The C-banding formula is: 2n= 18=CITS pattern = 10C+2CI+ +4CT+ +2CS for B. alboglabra, and 2n= 18=CITS pattern = 8C+2CI +6CT+ + 2CS for B. oleracea var. capitata. The relationship between B. alboglabra and B. oleracea was discussed based on the chromosomal characteristics.     

Mitotic karyotypes of Brassica campestris and Brassica alboglabra and identification of the B. alboglabra chromosome in an addition line.

A Brassica campestris-alboglabra monosomic addition line (genome: AA + one chromosome from the C genome, 2n = 21) harbours the Brassica alboglabra (CC, 2n = 18) chromosome with the gene for erucic acid. In order to identify this chromosome, we have studied the mitotic prometaphase chromosomes of Brassica campestris (AA, 2n = 20), B. alboglabra, and the monosomic addition line. More pronounced differential staining and size differences of chromosomes were observed in B. campestris than in B. alboglabra. The karyotype of B. campestris was composed of four median (m), four submedian (sm), and two subterminal (st) chromosome pairs, while that of B. alboglabra was composed of three m, four sm, and two st chromosome pairs, provided that the length of the satellite was excluded when determining the arm ratio of the nucleolar chromosome. The alien chromosome from the C genome in the addition line was easily identified in the background B. campestris genome by its large size, its submedian centromere, and its differential staining pattern. When compared with the karyotype of B. alboglabra, the alien chromosome from the C genome in the monosomic addition line was revealed to be chromosome 4.     

宜昌百合根尖染色体C-带分析

利用Giemsa C-带方法对宜昌百合（Lilium leucanthum(Baker) Baker）进行研究。结果表明：宜昌百合（L. leucanthum）的染色体数目为2n＝2x=24,单套染色体的条带总数目为21条。其带型公式为：2n＝24＝6C+2CI+2I+2CI⁺+2CI⁺+4I⁺+2I⁺+2T⁺+2I+S。宜昌百合（L. leucanthum）每条染色体上都显示出显著的特征带,且带纹的深浅差异明显。宜昌百合（L. leucanthum）的强带主要集中在着丝点及附近区域。通过Giemsa C-带方法可以将宜昌百合（L. leucanthum）的每条染色体区分开。     

Karyotypic characterization by mitosis, meiosis and C-banding of Eriopis connexa Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera: Polyphaga), a predator of insect pests

Eriopis connexa presents a chromosome number of 2n = 18 + XX for most females analyzed and a meioformula of n = 9 + Xyp for all males. A small metacentric B chromosome restricted to females occurred in 10% of our sample and, when submitted to C-banding, it was shown to be almost completely euchromatic. Chromosome pairs 2 and 3 had satellites and probably contained the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). C-band analysis also revealed that the constitutive heterochromatin was localized in the centromeres of all chromosomes in the complement.     

Cytogenetic analysis of the neotropical spider Nephilengys cruentata (Araneomorphae, Tetragnathidae): standard staining nors, C-bands and base-specific fluorochromes.

The aim of this work is to characterize Nephilengys cruentata in relation to the diploid number, chromosome morphology, type of sex determination chromosome system, chromosomes bearing the Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs), C-banding pattern, and AT or GC repetitive sequences. The chromosome preparations were submitted to standard staining (Giemsa), NOR silver impregnation, C-banding technique, and base-specific fluorochrome staining. The analysis of the cells showed 2n = 24 and 2n = 26 chromosomes in the embryos, and 2n = 26 in the ovarian cells, being all the chromosomes acrocentric. The long arm of the pairs 1, 2 and 3 showed an extensive negative heteropycnotic area when the mitotic metaphases were stained with Giemsa. The sexual chromosomes did not show differential characteristics that allowed to distinguish them from the other chromosomes of the complement. Considering the diploid numbers found in N. cruentata and the prevalence of X1X2 sex determination chromosome system in Tetragnathidae, N. cruentata seems to possess 2n = 24 = 22 + X1X2 in the males, and 2n = 26 = 22 + X1X1X2X2 in the females. The pairs 1, 2 and 3 showed NORs which are coincident with the negative heteropycnotic patterns. Using the C-banding technique, the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes revealed small quantity or even absence of constitutive heterochromatin, differing of the C-banding pattern described in other species of spiders. In N. cruentata the fluorochromes DAPI/DA, DAPI/MM and CMA3/DA revealed that the constitutive heterochromatin is rich in AT bases and the NORs possess repetitive sequences of GC bases.     

Studies on the Karyotypes and Pollen Morphology of Brassica oleracea L.and B. alboglabra Bailey

The karyotypes and pollen morphology of Brassica oleracea L. and B. alboglabra Bailey were studied by preparing mitotic chromosome specimens and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. the karyotypes of the 4 varieties in B. oleracea L. and of B. alboglabra Bailey are similar, all with the same chromosome number (2n=18) satellite number (one pair) and a type of karyotype, but different in respect to satellite position and karyotype symmetry 2. The pollengrains of 2 varieties of B. oleracea L. are 3-colporate and reticulate, distinctly different from those in B. alboglabra, which are pantoporate with smaller lumina. Based on the results we tend to regard that B. alboglabra Bailey is an independent species.     

Karyological Studies in Cunninchamia unicanaliculata and var. pyramidalis

Cunnighamia unicanaliculata D. Y. Wang et H. L. Liu and var. pyramidalis D. Y. Wang et H. L. Lin, two new taxa recently found in south-western Sichuan Province of China, have both a very restricted yet sympatric geographical distribution, including Dechang and Miyi districts.[7] There is a debate as regards the specific status of C. unicanaliculata. A comparative karyological investigation, including chromosome numbers, karyotype analyses and measurements of nuclear volume and DNA contents, was under- taken in order to shed some light on the phylogenetic relationships between these taxa and C. lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. The kaxyotype formulas of the above two taxa and C. lanceolata are as follows: C.unicanaliculata; K(2n) = 22 =L8m+ S12m+S2sm; C. unicanaliculata var. pyramidalis: K(2n)= 22= L8m +S10m+S4sm; C. lanceolata (Type A): K(2n) =22 = Lsm+ S14m S2sm; C. lanceolata(TypeB): K(2n) = 22 = L8m + S14m . Frown the above karyotypes, we have found that C. unicanaliculata and var. pyrami- dalis, which are very similar to each other, are closely related to C. lanceolata (Type B), but seem more strongly differentiated in the following respects: (1) the former posses- sing 1--2 pairs of chromosomes with submedian primary constrictions each, while the latter with all chromosomes possessing median primary constrictions; (2) the satellites of the former being always located on the 4th pair of chromosomes, whereas the position of satellites of the latter varying with geographical distribution, being usually on the 1st and 4th pairs of chromosomes; (3) B-chromosomes being present in the latter (predominantly in the geographical races of southwestern China) but not seen in the former; (4) the average chromosome volume of C. unicanaliculata var. pyramidalis being 623.44, while those of the four geographical races of C. lanceolata being 667.2–796.0; (5) the comparative DNA amount of C. unicanaliculata var. pyramidalis being 5.54, while those of the various geographical races of C. lanceolata being 6.20–7.67. Upon an overall comparison of the data with regard to karyology, geographical distribution, ecology, morphology and isoenzymic patterns of the taxa in question, we come to the following conclusions. Cunninghamia unicanaliculata and var. pyramidalis are most likely taxa originated from natural populations of C. lanceolata. The extreme environmental conditions of the habitats axe thought to have played an important role in the production of these two new taxa. An elevation of over 2000 meters and the periodical aridity of climate of the habitat, which differed remarkably from those of C. lanceolata, made possible the isolation of alternative populations, accompanied by selection for adaptation to extreme environments. But the differences between these two newly found taxa and C. lanceolata are karyologically minor and morphologically quantitative and tend to display a more or less continuous variation pattern. It is, therefore, suggested that they are probably geographical races or ecotypes of C. lanceolata, and are not distinct enough from the latter to warrant specific status. It seems best to treat both C. unicanaliculata and var. pyramidalis as infraspecific catorories of C. lanceolata.     

Report on Karyotypes of 10 Species of Liliaceae (s. l.) From Qinling Range

The karyotypes of 10 species of the Liliaceae from the Qinling Range are reported as follows. I. Polygonatum Mill. (1) P. odoratum ( Mill. ) Druce was found to have the karyotype 2n=20=12m+8sm ( Plate 3, Fig. I), which belongs to Stebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification 2B. The chromosomes range from 3.88 to 11.26μm in size. Table 2 shows the karyotypes and number fundamentals (N.F.) of 13 materials from 12 different localities. The N. F. of these materials can be classified into two groups: N.F. =36 and N.F.=40, besides one (N.F. =38) from Beijing. N. F. =36 covers all the materials with 2n= 18 which have relatively symmetrical karyotypes ( all consisting of m and sm chromosomes), one with 2n=20 (10m+6sm+4st) and one with 2n=22 (14m+8st). N.F. =40 include four materials with 2n= 20 (all of m and sm chromosomes ) and 3 with 2n= 22 (10m+ 8sm+ 4st). ￥ It is considered that there are two original karyotypes, 2n= 18 with N. F. = 36 and 2n= 20 with N.F. =40, which are relatively symmetrical. All the more asymmetrical karyotypes with some st chromosomes have probably evolved from the symmetrical karyotypes without st chromosomes by centric fission. (2) P. zanlanscianense Pamp. has the karyotype 2n=30=18m(2SAT) + 4sm+ 6st+ 2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1) which belongs to 2C. The chromosomes range from 2.16 to 9.76μm. ￥ II. Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. The karyotype of this species is 2n = 16= 8m(2SAT )+ 6sm + 2st (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3 ) , which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 2.33 to 5.30μm. Most species in Asparagus, including A.Filicinus, are reported to have basic number x= 10, and therefore 2n= 16 is a new chromosome number for A.filicinus. EL-Saded et.al.(1972) gave a report of n=8 for A. stipularis from Egypt, while Delay (1947) reported 2n = 24 for A. trichophyllus and A. verticillatus, Sinla(1972 ) gave a report of 2n=48 for A.racemosus. It is certain that there are two basic numbers in the genus Asparagus. III. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino was found to have the karyotype 2n=24=4m+8st+12t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 3B. The chromosomes range from 8.71 to 20.24μm. IV. Smilax discotis Warb. was shown to have the karyotype 2n=32=4m+22sm+4st (2SAT)+2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3), which belongs to 3C. The first pair is much longer than others. The chromosomes range from 1.79 to 9.21μm. The chromosome number and karyotype of S. discotis are both reported for the first time. V. Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth is of the karyotype 2n=38=28m+10sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 5.65 to 12.75μm. VI. Tupistra chinensis Baker was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=25m+ 13sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 8.11 to 23.82μm. A pair of heterozygous chromosomes is arranged at the end of the idiogram. The eighth pair possesses an intercalary satellite. Huang et al. (1989) reported the karyotype of T. chinensis from Yunnan as 2n = 38 = 24m+ 14sm without any intercalary satellite. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) gave a report on the karyotype of T. nutans from Bhutan, which consists of 18 pairs of median to submedian chromosomes and one pair of subterminal chromosomes. And one pair of submedian chromosomes possess intercalary satellites on their short arms. VII. Rohdea japonica (Thunb) Roth. was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=30m+6sm+2st ( Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 7.94 to 18.29μm. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) reported that the karyotype of R.japonica from Japan was the same as that of Tupistra nutans from Bhutan. But we have not discov ered any chromosome with an intercalary satellite. VIII. Hosta Tratt. (1) H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers was shown to have 2n=60. The 60 chromosomes are in 30 pairs,which can be classified into 4 pairs of large chromosomes (7.32- 8.72μm ), 3 pairs of medium-sized ones (4.72-5.60μm), and 23 pairs of small ones (1.40-3.64μm), (Plate 3 ,Table 4 ). The karyotype of H. plantaginea is reported for the first time. (2) H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn was counted to have 2n=120, The 120 chromosomes are in 60 pairs, which can be classified into 8 pairs of large chromosomes (7.00- 8.40μm ), 6 pairs of medium-sized ones(4.40- 6.15um ), 46 pairs of small ones (1.20- 3.85μm), (Plate 3, Table 4). Based on the karyotypes of H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa, the latter is probably a tetraploid in the genus Hosta. Kaneko (1968b) gave a report on the karyotype of H. ventricosa, which is of8 pairs of large chromosomes, 4 pairs of medium-sized and 48 pairs of small ones.     

几种珍稀灵长类淋巴细胞系的建立和保存

本文介绍了用ＥＢＶ化建立的滇金丝猴、川金丝猴、白眉长臂猿、黑叶猴、灰叶猴、白臀叶猴、懒猴等珍稀灵长类的淋巴细胞系,并对携带病毒基因的Ｂ９５－８细胞的染色体作了详细分析。