赤霉素A4,A7的研究进展

赤霉素Ａ＿４、Ａ＿７的研究进展颜方贵,秦杰,何增国,李季伦（北京农业大学生物学院,北京１０００９４）赤霉素Ａ＿３（ＧＡ＿３）是目前应用最广的植物生长激素之一。随着研究的深入,对该族的其它同系物,特别是ＧＡ＿４、ＧＡ＿７越来越受到重视,这是由于ＧＡ＿４...     

赤霉素A4、A7的发酵研究

初选藤仓赤霉菌(Gibberella fujikuroi)农大17菌株为赤霉素A_4、A_7(GA_4、GA_7)的生产菌,该菌株GA_(4+7)的积累量,除与营养条件有关外,温度和pH是极为重要的因子,随着发酵温度从28℃上升至32℃,GA_(4+7)的产量由21μg/ml增至81μg/ml,GA_3由702μg/ml降至328μg/ml。pH回调至中性,GA_(4+7)的产量由75μg/ml增至180μg/ml,GA_3由322μg/ml降至211μg/ml。此外,设法延长发酵周期也是增加GA_(4+7)的一个因素。综合上述条件,即发酵过程中,发酵液的pH由48h前的4回调并维持在6.7左右,温度由28℃上调并控制在32℃,摇瓶培养12天,GA_(4+7)的产量达890μg/ml,20—600L发酵罐发酵240h,GA_(4+7)产量达680μg/ml左右。GA_(4+7)浓度的测定亦作了简化处理,发酵液不经提取,可直接用硅胶板G薄层层析(TLC)后进行荧光比色,产品测定宜采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。按照上述条件培养的农大17菌株,产生GA_3、GA_7和GA_4的比例为23.131:16.105:31.258,GA_4高于有关报道。     

U7 snRNAs： A Computational Survey

U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) sequences have been described only for a handful of animal species in the past. Here we describe a computational search for func- tional U7 snRNA genes throughout vertebrates including the upstream sequence elements characteristic for snRNAs transcribed by polymerase Ⅱ. Based on the results of this search, we discuss the high variability of U7 snRNAs in both se- quence and structure, and report on an attempt to find U7 snRNA sequences in basal deuterostomes and non-drosophilids insect genomes based on a combination of sequence, structure, and promoter features. Due to the extremely short se- quence and the high variability in both sequence and structure, no unambiguous candidates were found. These results cast doubt on putative U7 homologs in even more distant organisms that are reported in the most recent release of the Rfam database.     

细胞膜转运分子ABCC3和SLC7A7在肠道病毒A71型感染中作用的初步研究

肠道病毒A71型(enterovirus A71, EV-A71)是导致手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD)的主要病原体之一,目前对其治疗尚无特异高效的抗病毒药物。研究表明,细胞膜转运相关分子参与病毒的入侵、复制以及感染性子代病毒颗粒的释放。为寻找宿主中可有效抑制EV-A71感染的细胞膜转运分子,本研究以人结肠癌细胞(Caco-2)为靶细胞,采用RNA干扰技术下调细胞中14个转运相关膜蛋白的表达。结果显示,针对这14个膜蛋白目的基因设计的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)均能有效抑制靶蛋白的表达,有效抑制率达50%以上(P＜0.05),且各siRNA转染均未对细胞产生明显毒性。其中,转染ATP结合盒转运蛋白C3(ATP-binding cassette transport subfamily C member 3,ABCC3)siRNA(SEQ ID NO: 1)和溶质载体家族7成员7 (solute carrier family 7 member 7,SLC7A7)siRNA(SEQ ID NO: 29)的干扰效率分别高达87.82%和88.44%。ABCC3和SLC7A7基因下调可明显抑制EV-A71的复制,抑制率分别达87.05%和81.66%。结果表明,ABCC3和SLC7A7在EV-A71感染Caco-2细胞中发挥着重要作用,可为临床 EV-A71 感染的预防和治疗提供潜在靶点。     

应用Bt－7A乳剂防治美国白蛾

应用Ｂｔ－７Ａ乳剂防治美国白蛾席海生,王俊义,谢玺文,刘晓辉,李文珍刘素萍（辽宁省微生物研究所,朝阳１２２０００）（朝阳市图书馆信息部１２２０００）美国白蛾属鳞翅目、灯蛾科,是世界性的林木检疫害虫。其特点是食性杂、耐饥力强、传播快、适应范围广,对多种...     

A7—B7二硫键缺失对胰岛素原重折叠及结构的影响

为研究A7 B7二硫键在胰岛素原结构和折叠中的作用 ,构建了A7 B7二硫键缺失的胰岛素原突变体 ,研究了其与野生型胰岛素原在体外重折叠产率、自由巯基氧化速度、CD谱、受体及抗体结合活性 ,以及对胰蛋白酶酶切敏感性的差别。结果表明 ,A7 B7二硫键缺失可导致胰岛素原α 螺旋明显减少以及对胰蛋白酶的酶切敏感性显著增加 ,其对胰岛素原结构的影响主要导致了受体结合活性的大幅度降低。突变体在体外重折叠 1h后巯基氧化速率较野生型明显减慢 ,但其最终折叠产率与野生型相当。由此提出一个胰岛素原折叠的可能途径 ,即A链链内二硫键最先形成 ,然后是两对链间二硫键。且A2 0 B19二硫键比A7 B7二硫键很可能先形成 ,在折叠中更重要。     

7型腺病毒E1A基因克隆及真核表达

为了研究7型腺病毒(Ad7)E1A在感染中的致病机制,分离了Ad7d2病毒株,构建了Ad7 E1A基因的真核表达体系.用A549细胞分离培养痰液标本中的腺病毒,应用重叠延伸PCR扩增Ad7 E1A基因外显子,产物克隆至真核表达载体pIRES-Neo,构建重组子pIRES-Neo-Ad7E1A并转染A549细胞,利用Western印迹对其表达产物进行鉴定.克隆测序显示扩增的Ad7 E1A基因外显子包含了完整的编码区基因,pIRES-Neo-Ad7E1A转染A549细胞的表达产物经Western印迹鉴定与设计相符.成功建立了Ad7 E1A 基因的真核表达体系.     

A COL7A1 mutation causes dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in Rotes Höhenvieh cattle

We identified a congenital mechanobullous skin disorder in six calves on a single farm of an endangered German cattle breed in 2010. The condition presented as a large loss of skin distal to the fetlocks and at the mucosa of the muzzle. All affected calves were euthanized on humane grounds due to the severity, extent and progression of the skin and oral lesions. Examination of skin samples under light microscopy revealed detachment of the epidermis from the dermis at the level of the dermo epidermal junction, leading to the diagnosis of a subepidermal bullous dermatosis such as epidermolysis bullosa. The pedigree was consistent with monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. We localized the causative mutation to an 18 Mb interval on chromosome 22 by homozygosity mapping. The COL7A1 gene encoding collagen type VII alpha 1 is located within this interval and COL7A1 mutations have been shown to cause inherited dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) in humans. A SNP in the bovine COL7A1 exon 49 (c.4756C>T) was perfectly associated with the observed disease. The homozygous mutant T/T genotype was exclusively present in affected calves and their parents were heterozygous C/T confirming the assumed recessive mode of inheritance. All known cases and genotyped carriers were related to a single cow, which is supposed to be the founder animal. The mutant T allele was absent in 63 animals from 24 cattle breeds. The identified mutation causes a premature stop codon which leads to a truncated protein representing a complete loss of COL7A1 function (p.R1586*). We thus have identified a candidate causative mutation for this genetic disease using only three cases to unravel its molecular basis. Selection against this mutation can now be used to eliminate the mutant allele from the Rotes H?henvieh breed.     

生物杀虫剂（Bt—7A）防治松毛虫效果

松毛虫的大量发生,严重威胁着林业生产的发展。为了战胜虫害,每年都要投入大量的人力物力以消灭害虫,由于长期使用化学农药,使害虫抗药性不断增强,并又使化学农药的用量不断的增加,这样一来,就会严重的破坏了自然间的生态平衡。近年来,朝阳市森防站在松毛虫的防治工作上非常重视抓“生态建设”、“生物防治”、“仿生农药”的推广与应用,这有利于恢复林地的自然调控能力。1994年春在北票市使用Bt－7A防治松毛虫约6000亩,取得了较理想的杀虫效果。1材料和方法1．1使用的药剂生物杀虫剂（Bt－7A）,辽宁省微生物研究所生产,含活…     

CYP7A1基因-204位点A/C变异对启动子活性的影响

CYP7A1（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase ）在胆固醇向胆汁酸代谢途径中起着至关重要的作用.为研究该基因启动子区-204位点A/C多态性是否影响基因表达, 利用荧光素酶作为报告基因,将含有A或C等位基因的启动子区片段分别正向和反向插入不含启动子的pGL3 basic质粒载体中,再以重组体转染4种细胞株,采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统测定酶活性并进行比较.实验结果表明,2种基因型的正向序列启动子活性均高于相应的反向序列,含有A等位基因的启动子片段活性比含有C等位基因的片段低约1/3.TRANSFAC数据库分析显示,当-204位点等位基因为C时,可能存在1个Zic3结合位点.研究结果提示,CYP7A1基因启动子区-204位点A/C变异可减少启动子活性从而影响基因表达,其原因可能为1个潜在的Zic3结合位点的丧失.     

A synthesis of 7α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione

The first convenient chemical synthesis of 7α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is reported. Androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione was converted into its 6α,7α-epoxy-derivative; reduction of the epoxide with aluminium amalgam gave 7α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione. This reducing agent is more efficient than chromous acetate for the purpose.     

A/H7N9流感病毒神经氨酸酶进化分析

世界卫生组织报道2013年在中国出现首例人感染H7N9流感病毒病例,这在我国一定的范围内造成了危害,引起了恐慌,因此利用生物信息技术对其进行研究显得十分必要。神经氨酸酶NA是流感病毒最重要的抗原之一,也是抗流感药物的重要作用靶点。从美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库下载A/H7N9流感病毒NA基因核酸序列及其编码蛋白序列,利用MEGA5.0软件对核苷酸编码序列构建系统进化树,利用BioEdit软件进行比对,分别作核苷酸与氨基酸同源性计算,继而分析NA基因重要位点变异情况,结果显示H7N9流感病毒传播呈现一定的地域关系和时间关系,2013年流行的中国的毒株属于亚欧型,其NA茎区发生了比较明显的变异,这也许是该病毒感染人类的原因之一。这些分析结果对于研究H7N9流感病毒基因的进化关系和变异趋向具有重要的参考价值。     

丙型肝炎病毒NS5A蛋白对Huh7细胞周期的影响

应用PCR技术从含有丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）全长开放阅读框的质粒pBRTM／HCV1～3011中获得NS5A全长基因片段,利用基因重组技术将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（-）中。通过酶切、PCR及测序鉴定证实,NS5A基因已正确插入到pcDNA3．1（-）中。再利用脂质体介导转染Huh7细胞,30h后收获细胞,经Western blot验证,证实HCV的NS5A基因在Huh7细胞中已经获得表达。在培养条件完全一致的条件下,表达NS5A基因的Huh7细胞与pcDNA3．1（-）转染的细胞在转染30h后被收集起来,乙醇固定,PI染色后利用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化。G0／G1期由60．6％下降到49．7％,S期由23．9％上升到32．7％,而转染pcDNA3．1（-）细胞的细胞周期与正常的Huh7细胞则差别不大。从而证明HCV NS5A蛋白对Huh7细胞周期具有调节作用。     

家蚕云7A Sericin1基因启动子克隆及活性分析

家蚕Sericin1基因(Ser1)是中部丝腺特异表达基因,其启动子在家蚕生物反应器研究方面发挥着重要作用。为了解云南家蚕品种云7 Ser1基因上游调控序列存在的多态性,进而获得具有驱动活性的Ser1启动子序列,克隆了家蚕Ser1基因启动子并进行序列分析,构建了由该基因启动子驱动红色荧光蛋白基因Ds Red的表达载体p Bac[Ser1p-Ds RedSV40+A3-EGFP],转染家蚕Bm N细胞进行瞬时表达来验证启动子活性。该启动子同已报道Ser1基因上游调控序列比对发现,顺式作用元件区域高度保守,而其他区域存在422 bp的碱基缺失;Ser1基因上游调控序列中存在启动子TATA框和CAAT框分别位于-24~-30处和-112~-115处,其中TATA框的保守序列是TATAAAA;而启动子驱动下的Ds Red基因在Bm N细胞和中部丝腺中成功表达。结果表明云南家蚕品种Ser1上游调控序列存在多态性和驱动活性,为了解不同家蚕品种丝胶合成能力差异和获得高效启动子奠定了基础。     

A/California/7/2009与A/California/4/2009病毒感染力比较

目的甲型H1N1流感病毒A/California/7/2009与A/California/4/2009病毒序列比较同源性在99%以上,本实验旨在比较两株病毒感染BALB/c小鼠研究感染力强弱。方法分别将A/California/7/2009（CA7）与A/California/4/2009（CA4）两株病毒分别连续10倍稀释后,对4~6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒,每个稀释度接种10只实验小鼠,测定CA7 MLD50为101.24/0.05 mL,检测小鼠感染、致病的多项指标,观察期为14 d。结果相同TCID50的CA7和CA4病毒感染小鼠,CA4感染小鼠后14 d内死亡率为20%,而CA7感染小鼠后8 d内死亡率为100%。CA7 106TCID50感染的小鼠病理表现为重度弥漫性间质性肺炎,CA4 106TCID50感染的小鼠病理表现为中度-重度间质性肺炎。结论在相同条件下,CA7感染力明显强于CA4。     

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) D7H mutation increases oligomeric Aβ42 and alters properties of Aβ-zinc/copper assemblies

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually lead to increases in amyloid β-protein (Aβ) levels or aggregation. Here, we identified a novel APP mutation, located within the Aβ sequence (Aβ(D7H)), in a Taiwanese family with early onset AD and explored the pathogenicity of this mutation. Cellular and biochemical analysis reveal that this mutation increased Aβ production, Aβ42/40 ratio and prolonged Aβ42 oligomer state with higher neurotoxicity. Because the D7H mutant Aβ has an additional metal ion-coordinating residue, histidine, we speculate that this mutation may promote susceptibility of Aβ to ion. When co-incubated with Zn(2+) or Cu(2+), Aβ(D7H) aggregated into low molecular weight oligomers. Together, the D7H mutation could contribute to AD pathology through a "double punch" effect on elevating both Aβ production and oligomerization. Although the pathogenic nature of this mutation needs further confirmation, our findings suggest that the Aβ N-terminal region potentially modulates APP processing and Aβ aggregation, and further provides a genetic indication of the importance of Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) in the etiology of AD.