Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者疗效及颈椎生物力学的影响

目的:探讨Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者疗效及颈椎生物力学的影响。方法:选取2015年1月到2016年12月期间在我院接受治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者48例,根据手术方式的不同将其分为植骨融合组(25例)和假体置换组(23例),其中植骨融合组采用颈椎前路减压植骨融合术进行治疗,假体置换组采用Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术进行治疗。比较两组患者的日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分、视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分、颈椎生理曲度、颈椎活动度、手术节段活动度、上邻近节段活动度、下邻近节段活动度,并比较两组患者的并发症情况。结果:术后12个月假体置换组的NDI评分明显低于植骨融合组(P0.05);术后6个月、术后12个月植骨融合组的颈椎活动度低于假体置换组(P0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月假体置换组的手术节段活动度高于植骨融合组(P0.05);术后12个月植骨融合组的上邻近节段活动度、下邻近节段活动度高于假体置换组(P0.05);两组患者随访期间颈部轴性症状发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与颈椎前路减压植骨融合术比较,Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者的远期疗效更佳,可更好的改善患者的颈椎生物力学,降低颈部轴性症状发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

Halo-vest辅助下前路手术治疗严重颈椎结核伴后凸畸形

目的：探讨使用halo-vest支具牵引复位并通过前路手术治疗严重颈椎结核并后凸畸形的方法和疗效。方法：通过对2004年10月至2010年9月在我科住院治疗的14例严重颈椎结核并后凸畸形的患者进行回顾性研究。本组患者中男8例,女6例,术前颈椎后凸Cobb角24-42°,平均34°。术前使用四联抗结核药物治疗2-4周,通过Halo-vest支具牵引复位。纠正颈椎后凸畸形后,采用一期前路手术治疗。手术处理包括：结核病灶清除、自体髂骨植骨或钛网植入、颈前路钢板内固定。术后继续抗结核治疗12-24个月。结果：术后随访12-48个月,平均26个月。所有颈椎结核并后凸畸形的患者都能通过halo-vest支具牵引恢复基本的颈椎序列,并能很好地耐受手术。术后患者局部疼痛和全身结核中毒症状明显缓解,神经功能均较术前有所恢复,后凸畸形得到矫正。术后3-6个月植骨融合,无内固定及伤口并发症,无严重halo-vest支具相关并发症,无结核复发。结论：对于严重颈椎结核并后凸畸形的患者,术前通过halo-vest支具牵引复位,可矫正畸形,恢复颈椎正常生理序列,为后期手术治疗创造条件并降低术中复位可能引起的脊髓损伤风险。Halo-vest辅助下的前路手术是治疗严重颈椎结核伴后凸畸形的有效手段。     

前路减压加Cage椎间融合器植入治疗脊髓型颈椎病36例临床观察

目的:探讨前路减压加Cage椎间融合器植入治疗脊髓型颈椎病的方法和疗效.方法:脊髓型颈椎病患者36例,病变累及1个节段者32倒,累及2个节段者4例.全部前路减压加Cage椎间融合器植入治疗.结果:术前JOA评分、术前颈椎高度分别为6.7±0.5、35.4±5.32,术后3月15.7±1.3,38.7±5.82,二者相比P＜0.01,差异有显著性,具有统计学意义;术后1年随访同术后差异无显著性;36例病人全部融合,椎间融合良好,无移位及假关节形成.结论:前路减压加Cage椎间融合器植入是治疗脊髓型颈椎病安全有效的方法.临床效果肯定.     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨前路一期病灶清除、植骨、前路内固定手术治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法 2010~2013年我院对42例胸腰椎结核患者进行一期病灶清除植骨前路内固定,病变节段:T5~T108例,T11~L129例,L2~L45例。其中病变累及1个椎体29例,累及2个椎体10例,跳跃型和累及3个椎体3例。累及1个椎体者应用Z-PlateⅡ钛板内固定,累及2个椎体或上胸椎结核者则选用钉-棒系统(CDH M8)固定。术后抗结核治疗不少于9个月。结果 42例患者均得到随访,随访时间6个月~4年,平均2.6年。手术切口均1期愈合,术后全身症状及局部疼痛消失,神经症状有不同程度恢复,所有病灶愈合,其中39例患者植骨融合,内固定牢固;3例患者因过早进行重体力劳动导致螺钉松动,植骨块塌陷,再次出现后凸畸形,经再次手术后治愈。结论一期病灶清除植骨内固定手术结合规范药物抗痨治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效显著、可靠。     

颈前路“杂交式”与颈后路治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床比较

目的:比较颈前路"杂交式"减压融合与颈后路全椎板减压侧块内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床特点。方法:选择36例行"杂交式"颈前路治疗及33例行颈后路全椎板减压侧块内固定术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,观察两组患者手术前后一般资料、出血量、手术时间、颈椎生理曲度、JOA评分及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患者术前的一般资料包括年龄(颈前路组:56.23±7.64岁,颈后路组:55.76±8.18岁)、性别(颈前路组:22男/14女,颈后路组:20男/13女)、颈椎生理曲度D值(颈前路组:7.41±3.14,颈后路组:8.19±2.74)、JOA评分(颈前路组:9.08±1.09分,颈后路组:8.82±1.26分)、病程(颈前路组:17.24±7.36月,颈后路组:15.75±5.78月)和受累节段(颈前路组:3.11±0.26个,颈后路组:3.24±0.39个)比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与颈后路相比,颈前路的术中出血量(颈前路组:221.79±178.02 mL,颈后路组:483.07±434.25 mL)更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),手术时间(颈前路组:196.54±51.88 min,颈后路组:175.12±54.93 min)更长,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着时间的延长,颈前路组患者颈椎生理曲度和JOA评分逐渐增大,而颈后路组患者椎生理曲度减少,JOA评分逐渐增大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。颈前路组出现植骨未融合、声音嘶哑和脑脊漏液,颈后路组发生轴性疼痛和C5神经根麻痹,但两组患者并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(颈前路组:13.89%,颈后路组:12.12%)(P0.05)。结论:颈前路"杂交式"减压融合与颈后路全椎板减压侧块内固定术在治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病上各有优点,临床根据患者的情况而采取合适的治疗方式。     

颈椎前路椎间盘摘除植骨融合术的配合及护理

颈椎前路椎间盘摘除植骨融合术是治疗颈椎病人的手术方法之一。其优点为：手术后椎体前后缘骨刺不易复发,残留的原有骨刺可退化,椎间嵌入植骨时,可撑开椎间隙使隆凸人椎管内或椎间孔内的黄韧带可以复位,从而解除神经根和脊髓的压迫。我院自2001年3月至2004年5月对8例颈椎病人施行了该手术,均取得良好效果。现将手术配合及护理介绍如下。     

锁骨骨折内固定失效的原因分析及对策

目的：探讨锁骨骨折切开复位内固定术后内固定失效的原因,并寻找补救方案。方法：选择我院2007年5月~2010年5月收治的184例锁骨骨折患者,其中男性123例,女性61例,年龄24~76岁,对手术切开复位内固定失败病例的内固定方法进行对比,分析内固定失效的原因,并选取记忆合金环抱器或天鹅型记忆接骨器作为再次手术的内固定器械,分析其临床疗效。结果：本组所有病例均获得6~24个月随访,所有患者首次手术均行钢板内固定治疗,其中应用重建钢板治疗48例,解剖钢板治疗86例,锁骨钩钢板治疗50例,3例术后发生钢板或螺钉断裂患者选用记忆合金环抱器重新手术内固定治疗,2例痊愈,1例记忆合金环抱器再次发生断裂,改用天鹅型记忆接骨器治疗获得痊愈。3例骨不连患者均选择天鹅型记忆接骨器配合植骨内固定治疗,术后恢复良好。结论：锁骨骨折切开复位内固定术后内固定失败的原因主要与所使用内固定技术不合理及患者早期不正确的功能锻炼有关。记忆合金环抱器和天鹅型记忆接骨器均可作为钢板内固定失败术后的补救方案,但天鹅型记忆接骨器较记忆合金环抱器可提供更好的纵向加压作用,治疗钢板断裂及骨不连患者更为可靠。     

椎板开门角度对微型钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的影响

为了揭示椎板开门角度对颈椎单开门微型钛板固定成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的影响,本研究根据椎板开门角度将多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者分为A组(28°~47.5°, 49例)和B组(47.5°~67°, 43例),比较两组患者颈椎单开门微型钛板固定成形术治疗后的手术时间、术中出血量、C5神经根麻痹、神经功能(JOA评分)、颈椎轴性症状和颈椎曲度。研究显示,两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量和C5神经根麻痹情况均无统计学差异(p0.05)。两组术后的JOA评分均较术前显著升高(p0.05),但两组术后比较差异不显著(p0.05)。A组患者的颈椎轴性症状发生率(14.29%)显著低于B组(20.93%)(Z=-1.967, p=0.049)。A组和B组患者术后的颈椎曲度指数分别丢失了1.04%和3.88%,B组术后显著低于A组(p0.05)。在多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者应用颈椎单开门微型钛板固定成形术治疗过程中,椎板开门角度不影响患者术后的神经功能,但开门角度过大容易造成颈椎曲度丢失程度增加,并增加轴性症状的发生率。     

前路椎间盘减压融合与前路椎体次全切除减压融合治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效比较

目的:探索前路椎间盘减压融合与前路椎体次全切除减压治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效,为临床手术方式的选择提供依据。方法:收集我院骨科2008年6月到2014年6月收治的多节段颈椎病患者26例,按照患者手术方式分为研究组(13例)和对照组(13例),研究组给予前路椎间盘减压融合治疗,对照组给予前路椎体次全切除减压治疗,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,记录并分析两组术前和术后3月、6月、12个月JOA评分、颈椎总活动度、颈椎曲度、颈椎节段高度。结果:研究组手术时间、术中出血量低于对照组(P0.05);两组JOA评分术前、术后3月、6月、12个月逐渐升高(P0.05),术后12月组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组颈椎总活动度术前、术后3月、6月、12个月逐渐降低(P0.05),但是术后同时期组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组颈椎曲度与颈椎节段高度术后3月、6月、12个月差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前路椎间盘减压融合治疗多节段颈椎病较前路椎体次全切除减压治疗效果好,手术时间短、术中出血量少,并且颈椎曲度和节段高度恢复好。     

颈前路手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的研究进展

累及≥3个节段的脊髓型颈椎病称为多节段脊髓型颈椎病(multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy,MCSM),其致残率较高,应尽早手术干预。颈椎前路减压融合术是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的手术方式,但随着手术节段的增加,减压及重建难度增大。学者们对MCSM的手术方式进行了很多尝试和改良,但选择何种术式尚无定论。本文就颈前路手术方式的相关研究现状作一综述如下。     

Long term results of anterior corpectomy and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background

Results showed good clinical outcomes of anterior corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) during a short term follow-up; however, studies assessing long term results are relatively scarce. In this study we intended to assess the long term clinical and radiographic outcomes, find out the factors that may affect the long term clinical outcome and evaluate the incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD).

Methods

This is a retrospective study of 145 consecutive CSM patients on ACCF treatment with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Clinical data were collected from medical and operative records. Patients were evaluated by using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system preoperatively and during the follow-up. X-rays results of cervical spine were obtained from all patients. Correlations between the long term clinical outcome and various factors were also analyzed.

Findings

Ninety-three males and fifty-two females completed the follow-up. The mean age at operation was 51.0 years, and the mean follow-up period was 102.1 months. Both postoperative sagittal segmental alignment (SSA) and the sagittal alignment of the whole cervical spine (SACS) increased significantly in terms of cervical lordosis. The mean increase of JOA was 3.8±1.3 postoperatively, and the overall recovery rate was 62.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative duration of symptoms >12 months, high-intensity signal in spinal cord and preoperative JOA score ≤9 were important predictors of the fair recovery rate (≤50%). Repeated surgery due to ASD was performed in 7 (4.8%) cases.

Conclusions

ACCF with anterior plate fixation is a reliable and effective method for treating CSM in terms of JOA score and the recovery rate. The correction of cervical alignment and the repeated surgery rate for ASD are also considered to be satisfactory.     

Centerpiece微型钛板固定与传统丝线悬吊在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用效果比较研究

目的:比较Centerpiece微型钛板固定与传统丝线悬吊在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用效果。方法:选取于2015年2月～2017年9月期间北京大学第一医院收治的拟行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的脊髓型颈椎病患者169例,根据治疗方式的不同将患者分为悬吊组(n=87,给予传统丝线悬吊治疗)和钛板组(n=82,给予Centerpiece微型钛板固定治疗),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后颈椎疼痛时间、术后再关门发生率、轴性症状评分、日本骨科协会量表(JOA)评分、颈椎活动度、颈椎管矢状径、颈椎管横截面积、颈椎曲度、开门角度。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),钛板组术后颈椎疼痛时间明显短于悬吊组,术后再关门发生率低于悬吊组(P0.05)。两组患者术后2个月、末次随访JOA评分均高于术前,且钛板组高于悬吊组(P0.05),两组患者末次随访轴性症状评分高于术后2个月,且钛板组术后2个月、末次随访轴性症状评分均高于悬吊组(P0.05)。与悬吊组相比,钛板组术后2个月、末次随访颈椎活动度、颈椎管矢状径升高(P0.05);而钛板组术后2个月颈椎管横截面积小于悬吊组,末次随访颈椎管横截面积大于悬吊组(P0.05)。悬吊组末次随访颈椎曲度小于术前、术后2个月(P0.05),钛板组手术前后颈椎曲度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);钛板组术后2个月、末次随访颈椎曲度、开门角度均大于悬吊组(P0.05)。结论:颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用Centerpiece微型钛板固定比传统丝线悬吊治疗的临床效果更好,可有效维持患者颈椎功能及活动度,并能改善神经功能。     

Computational analysis of bone remodeling during an anterior cervical fusion

The anterior cervical fusion is an established surgical procedure for spine stabilization after the removal of an intervertebral disc. However, it is not yet clear which bone graft represents the best choice and whether surgical devices can be efficient and beneficial for fusion. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the spine instrumentation on bone remodeling after a cervical spine surgery and, consequently, on the fusion process. A finite element model of the cervical spine was developed, having computed tomography images as input. Bone was modeled as a porous material characterized by the relative density at each point and the bone remodeling law was derived assuming that bone self-adapts in order to achieve the stiffest structure for the supported loads, with the total bone mass regulated by the metabolic cost of maintaining bone tissue. Apart from the analysis of healthy cervical spine, different surgical scenarios were tested: bone graft with or without a cage and the use of a stabilization plate system. Results showed that the anterior and posterior regions of the disc space are more important to stress transmission and that spinal devices reduce bone growth within bone grafts, being plate systems the most interfering elements. The material of the interbody cages plays a major role in fusion and, therefore, it should be carefully chosen.     

显微镜下减压联合前路Zero-P治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效分析

目的:探讨前路颈椎显微镜辅助下精准减压联合前路椎间隙Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年1月我院收治的43例颈椎病患者,处理节段共73个;患者均行显微镜辅助颈椎前路减压、髓核切除、Zero-P置入融合内固定术。记录患者手术节段、手术时间,术中失血量及并发症。手术前,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、末次随访时的颈部及上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、颈部日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA)和颈椎残障功能指数(Neck Disability Index,NDI),并采用配对t检验对不同时间点的评分进行分析,评估临床疗效。并同期行颈椎X线、CT及MRI检查,测量和评估椎间隙高度、颈椎Cobb角的改变情况和邻近节段异位骨化形成(Adjacent Level Ossification Development,ALOD)。结果:所有患者术后均获得随访,随访时间12-18个月,平均(14.9±2.2)个月。平均手术时间(82.2±20.9)min,失血量(91.5±33.7) m L;未发生神经和血管损伤等严重并发症。与术前相比,患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月及末次随访时的VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI评分、椎间隙高度及Cobb角均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但术后随访时间点比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现轻度吞咽困难2例,中度和重度吞咽困难各1例。随访期间,所有患者均获椎间骨性融合,未发生Zero-P融合器松动、滑脱或断裂,椎体未出现继发性骨折。结论:显微镜辅助颈椎前路椎间盘切除、Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病,能够精准的去除神经脊髓组织的压迫,术后短期和中期临床疗效良好,同时显微镜下止血、术中出血少;视野清晰、手术安全性高。     

四个节段以上伴椎间不稳颈椎病手术治疗的分析

目的:分析四个节段以上同时伴有椎间不稳的多节段颈椎病的手术入路及手术方法。方法:回顾性分析2008年10月-2012年12月收治的符合入选标准的颈椎病患者64例,其中A组33例,采用传统颈前路分节段开窗减压植骨内固定术;B组31例,采用改良颈后路单开门椎管减压轴侧植骨Arch钛板内固定术。采用日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分标准和疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分标准对患者术后疗效进行评价,并对两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、住院日数、颈椎活动度、颈椎曲度进行比较。结果:所有患者手术均顺利,A组患者的手术时间为(150.7±30.3)min,B组为(90.8±22.2)min,较A组明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者的术中失血量为(320±50)m L,B组为(180±45)m L,较A组明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。此外,B组患者的住院时间显著短于短于A组(P0.05)。两组患者术后切口均I期愈合,出院时JOA评分及VAS评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。出院后6个月时,A组患者的Ishihara指数较术前显著改善(2.2±1.6),而B组无明显改善,A、B两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的活动度丢失(4.2±3.3)°,B组活动度丢失(4.0±2.9)°,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.26,P0.05)。结论:颈前路及颈后路手术方式治疗四个节段以上伴有椎间不稳颈椎病的患者均可获得理想的临床疗效,但颈后路手术方式的手术时间短,术中出血量少,住院周期短,安全性高,适应症广,是治疗四个节段以上颈椎病伴椎间不稳首选的手术方式。     

锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：探讨锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法：2005年3月-2010年3月应用锁定钢板（包括肱骨近端锁定钢板或肱骨近端锁定内固定系统）治疗肱骨近端骨折43例,按Neer分型2部分骨折20例,3部分骨折19例,4部分骨折4例。随访评定包括X线片、Neer肩关节功能评分标准。结果：43例患者获得平均14．2个月（9-21个月）临床随访,骨折全部愈合,愈合平均时间10．4周（8～12周）。根据Neer肩关节功能评分标准：优19例,良19例,可5例,优良率88．4％。结论：锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折具有手术创伤小、操作方便、固定可靠的优点,允许早期功能锻炼,疗效满意。     

Biomechanical analysis of the anterior cervical fusion

This paper presents a biomechanical analysis of the cervical C5–C6 functional spine unit before and after the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the medical procedure and its instrumentation on range of motion and stress distribution. First, a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower cervical spine is obtained from computed tomography images using a pipeline of image processing, geometric modelling and mesh generation software. Then, a finite element study of parameters' influence on motion and a stress analysis at physiological and different post-operative scenarios were made for the basic movements of the cervical spine. It was confirmed that the results were very sensitive to intervertebral disc properties. The insertion of an anterior cervical plate influenced the stress distribution at the vertebral level as well as in the bone graft. Additionally, stress values in the graft decreased when it is used together with a cage.     

Biomechanical analysis of the anterior cervical fusion

This paper presents a biomechanical analysis of the cervical C5-C6 functional spine unit before and after the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the medical procedure and its instrumentation on range of motion and stress distribution. First, a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower cervical spine is obtained from computed tomography images using a pipeline of image processing, geometric modelling and mesh generation software. Then, a finite element study of parameters' influence on motion and a stress analysis at physiological and different post-operative scenarios were made for the basic movements of the cervical spine. It was confirmed that the results were very sensitive to intervertebral disc properties. The insertion of an anterior cervical plate influenced the stress distribution at the vertebral level as well as in the bone graft. Additionally, stress values in the graft decreased when it is used together with a cage.