邻苯二甲醛与戊二醛消毒消化内镜的比较研究

目的 对新型消毒剂邻苯二甲醛(OPA)的消化内镜消毒效果与戊二醛的进行比较研究.方法 用细菌培养的方法随机研究OPA与戊二醛消毒消化内镜的效果,并比较其临床优劣.结果 有效浓度的OPA和戊二醛在按照要求使用的情况下,所有检测的内镜细菌培养都未见细菌生长,但前者消毒所需时间更短,临床使用更安全.结论 OPA可以有效的对消化内镜进行消毒,与戊二醛相比有临床优势.     

高压液相色谱法分析氨基酸

<正> 自从1958年Spackman Stein和Moore建立了最初的氯基酸自动分析技术以来,随着HPLC的出现和发展,氨基酸分析方面的探讨中更加广泛和深入。衍生剂的不断更新,进一步展示了新一代氨基酸分析技术的活力。从最初的荧光胺、茚三酮,茚三酮/苯乙醛,发展到如今的邻苯二甲醛/二疏基乙醇,邻苯二甲醛/疏基     

戊二醛复合消毒剂对猪病病毒杀灭效果的研究

目的　研究戊二醛复合消毒剂对猪病病毒的杀灭效果。方法　将猪细小病毒 (porcinepavrovirusvirus ,PPV)、猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒 (porcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromevirus,PRRSV)和猪伪狂犬病病毒(porcinepseudorabiesvirus,PRV)分别与不同浓度的戊二醛复合消毒剂作用后 ,接种于长满细胞单层的细胞培养板中 ,根据细胞是否产生病变情况 ,确定消毒剂杀灭病毒的最佳浓度 ;同时 ,还将不同浓度的消毒剂与猪瘟病毒 (hogchloeravirus,HCV)作用后 ,对兔进行静脉注射 ,根据兔的体温变化情况 ,判断消毒剂杀灭病毒的最佳浓度。结果　1%浓度的消毒剂 ,可在 2 0min之内有效杀灭PPV、PRRSV和PRV ;0 5 %浓度的消毒剂 ,可在 10min之内有效杀灭HCV。结论　戊二醛复合消毒剂具有高效杀灭病毒的作用 ,适用于养殖场、医疗卫生行业及传染病流行地区的消毒灭菌 ;采用细胞感染法检测和评价消毒剂对病毒的杀灭效果是一种可行的体外试验方法     

牙科诊疗器械集中处理质量分析

目的探讨牙科诊疗器械实施集中处理的效果,以提高牙科诊疗器械清洗、消毒、灭菌质量,确保患者医疗安全。方法根据牙科诊疗器械特点,建立相应管理制度,规范操作流程,建立健全追溯记录。结果集中处理后,牙科诊疗器械清洗、消毒、灭菌合格率100%。结论集中处理能确保牙科器械的清洗、消毒、灭菌质量,杜绝院内感染发生。     

上海市71所医院环境清洁消毒及监测现状调查

目的 了解上海市二甲以上医院环境清洁消毒频率、消毒剂、操作者及常规环境监测频率.方法 上海市医院感染质控中心统一下发调查表格并制定标准,要求二级甲等以上的71所医院调查全院所有病区的环境及物体表面消毒现状,将表格及时上传.结果 ICU环境清洁消毒59.17％由护士完成,65.56％采用腐蚀性强、有刺激性气味的含氯消毒剂进行物体表面消毒,仅39.45％的环境表面消毒每天至少两次,63.89％的环境不进行常规微生物采样;普通病房与ICU相差不大,常规采样的比例更低,仅为11.91％.结论 上海市二级甲等以上医院环境清洗消毒方法不统一,消毒剂的选择不完全合理,环境监测有待进一步规范.     

氧化酸性水与复方醛、氯消毒剂对乙肝表面抗原杀灭效果

目的观察氧化酸性水(EOW)、2%戊二醛、500 mg/L三氯异氰尿酸以及醛、氯复方消毒剂对乙肝表面抗原杀灭效果,证实EOW杀灭乙肝病毒的可靠性,也试图使一些老消毒剂开发出新用途。方法用悬液法检测EOW原液、2%戊二醛、500 mg/L三氯异氰尿酸以及不同比例的复方醛、氯消毒剂对HBsAg杀灭效果,用小牛血清干扰杀灭试验。统计学方法两两比较选用LSD法,小牛血清干扰杀灭效果采用析因设计方差分析。结果EOW或复方消毒液对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原杀灭效果比单用2%戊二醛、500 mg/L三氯异氰尿酸快速,杀灭率高(P<0.01)。500 mg/L三氯异氰尿酸与2%戊二醛体积比为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4的复方消毒液杀灭效果最好,血清干扰比EOW相对较小。结论一定条件下,醛、氯复方消毒剂可以替代EOW。三氯异氰尿酸对戊二醛可能有活化作用,2种消毒剂可能存在某种协同作用。     

一株具降胆固醇功能乳酸菌的机制研究

目的对动物双歧杆菌SQ-0001的体外环境耐受性及其降胆固醇作用进行研究。方法用邻苯二甲醛法对pH 3.0和0.3%牛胆酸钠有一定耐受性的动物双歧杆菌SQ-0001的体外降胆固醇机制进行了研究。结果动物双歧杆菌SQ-0001对pH 3.0及0.3%胆盐环境具有一定的耐受性;该菌在胆盐浓度为0.2%,培养时间为24 h时,胆固醇脱除率最高,达到91.59%;该菌降胆固醇的作用主要以吸收为主,吸收率达到63.87%,其次是降解率,为23.81%。结论动物双歧杆菌SQ-0001的环境耐受能力良好,具有很好体外降胆固醇作用,该菌株可以作为日后降胆固醇的潜在益生菌。     

2%碱性戊二醛的稳定性考察

近几年,消毒剂得到了迅速发展,各种消毒剂都力图具有高效、稳定、无腐蚀、无刺激、低毒等特点。戊二醛因具有优异的灭菌性能受到了国内外专家的一致好评,是高效灭菌剂。WHO肝炎小组将2%碱性戊二醛推荐为HBV污染物的消毒剂。但由于此剂属化学物质,在一定条件下易分解变质,从而影响杀菌性能。马飞等对0.5%碱性戊二醛等消毒剂进行抑菌性能及被污染进行监测,结果表明随着使用时间的延长,抑菌性也逐渐减弱。针对此问题,对我院配制的2%碱性戊二醛进行其稳定性考察。1　材料与方法1.1　药品与试剂　原料戊二醛(丹东市江城化工厂);三乙醇胺(吉林…     

邻苯二甲醛衍生化高效液相色谱法分析脑氨基酸

本实验用邻苯二甲醛-β-巯基乙醇衍生化、反相梯度洗脱、荧光检测分析法测定豚鼠脑的氨基酸。60min内可测20种氨基酸。脑组织样本的预处理简单,平均回收率达95％。氨基酸保留时间的变异系数平均为1.1±0.3％(均值±标准差);峰面积的变异系数平均为2.9+0.8％;在10pmol—2nmol范围内,线性关系的相关系数平均为0.987±0.009。本文并对实验所用的色谱条件作了讨论。     

高效液相色谱测定蕨类植物中氨基酸含量

以5种蕨类植物(大羽贯众、美丽复叶耳蕨、黄山鳞毛蕨、狗脊蕨和紫萁)根状茎为研究材料,利用邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析了材料中的氨基酸成分.鉴于材料中蛋白质含量较低,测定方法中增加了样品的使用量并采用了梯度洗脱程序.结果表明,测试的5种蕨类植物所含总氨基酸含量较低,很少有超过5%,尤其在狗脊蕨中只有1.74%.在...     

Comparative testing and evaluation of hard-surface disinfectants

Summary The activity of eleven disinfectants againstStaphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae was determined using a method based on the A.O.A.C. germicidal and detergent sanitizer assay. Based on the activity against the test organisms after 30-and 60-s exposures to each disinfectant, the disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide had the highest biocidal activity in this assay, on a mg/l basis. In addition, a disinfectant containing sodium hypochlorite and a disinfectant containing sodium chlorite performed well, at concentrations below label specifications. The results illustrate the importance of testing disinfectants in the context of their intended use.     

Disinfection and hygiene in the veterinary field and disinfection of animal houses and transport vehicles

Disinfection in animal houses means always a combination between cleaning and disinfection because the high amount of organic material present in such an environment will neutralize rapidly each disinfectant brought to the surface if no cleaning step had been done before. Depending on the kind of material, cleaning gives a 3 log reduction of total bacterial count on the surface and disinfection another 3 log reduction. This means that under practical conditions generally 10³ cfu of bacteria remain per cm² of surface, mostly sporeformers. The choice of disinfectant depends on the purpose of disinfection. In the case of notifiable diseases, it must be active against a defined pathogen. In the case of prophylactic disinfection, it must be active against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.Only disinfectants which are tested for their activity on surfaces which are representative for animal houses e.g. wood should be used, otherwise the failure under practical conditions can be predicted and work, as well as money, will be wasted. The optimal temperature for the liquids used in cleaning and disinfection is 40°C and the optimal temperature of surfaces is 20°C. Colder surfaces require higher concentrations of active substances in the solution, below 10°C the effect of practical disinfection is incomplete. Low air humidity and high air velocity have a negative influence on the action of most disinfectants on surfaces. The amount of disinfectant necessary to disinfect a surface in an animal house is at least 0.4 l/m². Transport vehicles are very difficult to disinfect, especially in winter-time. They should be cleaned with hot water, the remaining liquid should be removed by a suitable vacuum cleaner and the concentration of the disinfectant should be elevated at least for the factor 3. Mechanic action will improve the disinfecting effect in vehicles as well as preliminary disinfection prior cleaning.     

常用消毒剂对布鲁氏菌疫苗株的灭菌效果评估

【背景】布鲁氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患胞内寄生菌,是引起动物和人发生布鲁氏菌病(布病)的病原体。高效消毒剂杀灭环境中的布鲁氏菌是防控布病的关键措施。【目的】评价市面上常用消毒剂对布鲁氏菌的灭菌效果及差异。【方法】选用市面上9种不同类型的常用消毒剂,以高、中、低3种不同使用浓度分别研究其对牛种、羊种和猪种布鲁氏菌的杀灭效果。同时根据消毒剂的有效浓度通过最小抑菌浓度实验确定各消毒剂的最小抑菌浓度。【结果】除苯酚外,其余8种消毒剂,包括聚维酮碘、癸甲溴铵、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛、复合季铵盐、乙醇和2种商品化消毒剂等在推荐使用浓度下5 min内均能完全杀灭布鲁氏菌,碘酸制剂在0.1%低使用浓度下细菌存活率为0.000039%-0.000095%。苯酚按0.5%的推荐剂量,作用5 min后细菌存活率为0.000144%-0.000183%,20 min后,细菌存活率为0.000138%-0.000193%;按1%的使用剂量作用5 min后,猪种布鲁氏菌存活率为0.000125%,作用20min后的存活率下降至0.000038%。最小抑菌浓度研究结果表明,季铵盐类消毒剂其最小抑菌浓度大致在0.01563%-0.03125%之间,其余消毒剂的最小抑菌浓度结果与消毒剂最低推荐使用浓度基本一致。研究同时发现,不同种属布鲁氏菌对同一消毒剂的敏感性也存在一定差异。【结论】研究结果为生产实践中科学选择布鲁氏菌消毒剂提供了借鉴。     

副溶血弧菌高效消毒剂的筛选及PHMG防治对虾AHPNS的应用研究

为寻找凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死综合症(AHPNS)重要致病菌——副溶血弧菌的高效低毒消毒剂, 选取了包括苯扎溴铵、聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐(PHMG)等22种水产或医学上常用的消毒剂, 比较分析其对副溶血弧菌的杀灭效果。悬液定量杀菌试验发现, 22种消毒剂中PHMG对副溶血弧菌的杀灭效果最好。接着, 进一步分析PHMG的有效杀菌浓度, 结果显示, PHMG浓度达到0.2 mg/L时作用48h即能100%地杀死副溶血弧菌。对7种常见病原菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的杀灭试验显示, PHMG对弧菌的杀灭效果最好, 0.5 mg/L PHMG能100%地杀灭四种弧菌, 对迟钝爱德华菌、嗜水气单胞菌和海豚链球菌的杀灭效果较差, 对凝结芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果最差。急性毒性试验得出PHMG 24h的LC₅₀=80.28 mg/L; 48h的LC₅₀=23.32 mg/L, 安全浓度SC=0.59 mg/L。对攻毒副溶血弧菌凡纳滨对虾的保护试验显示, PHMG浓度达到0.5 mg/L时, 24h对对虾的相对保护率达(77.78±5.01)%左右, 且与三个高浓度组相对保护率差异不显著。随着PHMG浓度的升高, 凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺所含副溶血弧菌数量明显减少, 48h后1.1及1.4 mg/L组副溶血弧菌数量降为0。降解试验结果显示: 0.5 mg/L的PHMG在第5、第6天浓度有所下降, 1 mg/L的PHMG在试验7d中基本保持稳定。研究证明了PHMG具有高效、低毒、低降解的特性, 是防治凡纳滨对虾AHPNS的理想消毒剂。     

An Examination of the Effect of Three Phenolic Disinfectants on Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The effect of a phenolic disinfectant ( o -phenylphenol 45% w/w) with linseed oil soap or with soya oil soap on Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined by three methods. Neither the geometrical dilution test nor the modified capacity use-dilution test revealed any differences between the two disinfectants. However, paradoxically both methods proved that the highest concentration of the disinfectants tested (3·5% v/v) exhibited a very low germicidal effect on M. tuberculosis , whereas lower concentrations showed a much better effect. When determining the tuberculocidal effects of various concentrations of the two disinfectants at different exposure times, the higher concentrations showed very low effects, even after the longest exposure time. At concentrations of 2·0 and 1·0% (v/v), the disinfectants displayed the most rapid effects. In the present investigation the disinfectant with the linseed oil soap seemed to destroy the cells more quickly than that with the soya oil soap. The third disinfectant containing p -chloro- m -cresol and o -benzyl- p -chlorophenol with a total of 9·2% (w/w) phenols in a detergent system, did not display, when employing the capacity use-dilution test, the same phenomenon in the concentrations used, but the experiment showed that the recommended use-dilution concentration ought to be doubled.     

Cleaning and decontamination efficacy of wiping cloths and silver dihydrogen citrate on food contact surfaces

Aims: To test the efficacy of four wipe cloth types (cotton bar towel, nonwoven, microfibre and blended cellulose/cotton) with either quaternary ammonia cleaning solution or silver dihydrogen citrate (SDC) in cleaning food contact surfaces. Methods: Swab samples collected from untreated, cloth‐treated and cloth disinfectant‐treated surfaces were subjected to hygiene monitoring using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence and aerobic total plate counting (TPC) assays. Results: Adenosine triphosphate measurements taken after wiping the surfaces showed poor cleaning by nonwoven cloths (2·89 RLU 100 cm^?2) than the microfibre (2·30 RLU 100 cm^?2), cotton terry bar (2·26 RLU 100 cm^?2) and blended cellulose/cotton cloth types (2·20 RLU 100 cm^?2). The cellulose/cotton cloth showed highest log reduction in ATP‐B RLU values (95%) and CFU values (98·03%) when used in combination with SDC disinfectant. Conclusions: Cleaning effect of wiping cloths on food contact surfaces can be enhanced by dipping them in SDC disinfectant. ATP‐B measurements can be used for real‐time hygiene monitoring in public sector, and testing microbial contamination provides more reliable measure of cleanliness. Significance and Impact of the Study: Contaminated food contact surfaces need regular hygiene monitoring. This study could help to estimate and establish contamination thresholds for surfaces at public sector facilities and to base the effectiveness of cleaning methods.     

清清爽牌湿巾的杀菌效果

采用载体定量杀菌试验,对清清爽牌湿巾的杀菌消毒效果进行了实验室研究。发现清清爽牌湿巾对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌作用2 min,杀菌率分别达到99.98%、99.76%和99.20%。模拟现场试验,清清爽牌湿巾对手自然菌杀菌率达到99.99%,起到了显著地杀菌消毒效果。     

Disinfecting endoscopes: how not to transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis by bronchoscopy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the bronchial washings of two patients who underwent bronchoscopy consecutively with the same bronchoscope. Active pulmonary tuberculosis was later confirmed in the first patient, whereas the second patient had clinical and serologic evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus. The bronchoscope had been cleaned with an iodophor disinfectant, which had not destroyed the tubercle bacilli. The agent recommended for chemical disinfection of fibreoptic bronchoscopes is 2% glutaraldehyde solution; the instrument should be immersed in it for 10 to 30 minutes. Five hours'' exposure to ethylene oxide is recommended for sterilization of instruments. These procedures must be preceded by adequate mechanical cleaning. Then transmission of pathogenic organisms during endoscopy, which can result in nosocomial disease, misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment, will be avoided.     

多药耐药大肠杆菌对不同消毒剂的抗性探究

目的：研究多药耐药大肠杆菌对不同消毒剂的抗力水平,为临床上合理选择消毒剂提供依据。方法：采用营养肉汤稀释法及悬液定量杀菌实验分别测定临床分离出的具有多重耐药性的大肠杆菌对临床常用消毒剂的最低抑茵浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）及不同作用时间消毒剂对菌株的杀灭率,并与大肠杆菌标准株的测定结果进行比较。结果：不同消毒剂对多药耐药大肠杆菌的MIC值不同,洁芙柔消毒凝胶的MIC值为2．8±1．9,绿莎新爱尔施牌消毒片的MIC值为2583．4±1107．2,爱护佳免洗手消毒液的MIC值为144．63：86．9,安尔碘II型皮肤消毒剂的MIC值为16．1±7．7。4种常用消毒剂对多要耐药大肠杆菌的MIC值均高于标准菌,绿莎新爱尔施牌消毒片及爱护佳免洗手消毒液的MIC值与标准大肠杆菌较为接近。另外,4种常用消毒剂在常用浓度下对标准大肠杆菌和多药耐药大肠杆菌作用5min的杀灭率均能打到100％,标准大肠杆菌的被杀灭率略高于多药耐药大肠杆菌。结论：多药耐药菌株对消毒剂的抗性日益受到关注,使用时调整浓度、加强消毒剂科学管理对控制医院感染具有重要意义。