聚六亚甲基双胍对蝙蝠蛾幼虫病原菌粉棒束孢的杀菌效果和毒性评价

为了解聚六亚甲基双胍对冬虫夏草寄主昆虫蝙蝠蛾幼虫病原菌粉棒束孢的杀菌消毒效果和对蝙蝠蛾幼虫的毒性,本文采用了悬液定量杀菌试验、现场试验、稳定性试验及昆虫毒性评价方法,对该消毒剂的消毒相关性能及安全性进行试验观察。结果显示含2g/L聚六亚甲基双胍消毒液对粉棒束孢孢子悬液或者现场试验作用45–60min,杀菌率均可达到99.00%以上。聚六亚甲基双胍消毒原液及稀释液37℃保存3个月与1个月的下降率分别为2.10%和3.20%,性质比较稳定、杀菌效率短期内无显著降低;含量≤10g/L聚六亚甲基双胍消毒液对蝙蝠蛾幼虫死亡影响不显著,无明显的不良反应,属于实际无毒类物质。聚六亚甲基双胍消毒液性质稳定、杀菌效果好、无毒,可用于蝙蝠蛾幼虫饲料、饲养盒等的消毒。     

二氧化氯杀灭除盐水系统中有害菌的研究

本文报道了杀菌剂二氧化氯对热电厂除盐水系统中有害菌的杀灭作用,并与氯的杀菌率作了比较。利用二氧化氯进行杀菌时,对粘液异养菌使用2ppm;铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌使用1ppm;真菌使用2ppm,杀菌率达90—99％;而使用氯达到同样杀菌率需4—5 ppm。杀灭天然菌膜中细菌、真苗则需比人工混合菌提高三分之一以上的投药量。在5—60 min的接触时间内杀菌率提高5％,低剂量下随环境pH值(6一11)和温度(10—50℃)的上升,杀菌率有所提高。除50ppm以上的蛋白胨外,所试的糖、酸、氨均不影响二氧化氯的杀菌活性,但明显降低氯的杀菌作用。二氧化氯杀菌中出现失话余量,它同初始投量相比,杀菌率最高可差20—30％。     

粉碎辛香料微波杀菌工艺

分别选用功率为18 k W的YQ2G-03型实验室专用微波杀菌设备,功率为18 k W的YQ18S-03型隧道式生产用微波杀菌设备针对辣椒粉和五香粉开展杀菌试验,建立了粉碎辛香料微波杀菌工艺。研究结果表明:加入5%水的辣椒粉在78℃杀菌4~6 min细菌杀菌率为93%以上;加入10%水的辣椒粉在78℃杀菌4~6 min细菌杀菌率为99%以上;加入5%~10%水的五香粉在78℃分别杀菌4~8 min细菌杀菌率均为99%以上。选用微波杀菌工艺加工后细菌总数≤10 000 cfu/g,未检出大肠杆菌。加水10%杀菌6 min的辣椒粉和五香粉样品,常温下置柜中存放10年,其感官性状和组织状态未有明显变化,菌落总数较低,达到食品卫生标准。     

乳杆菌生态消毒剂杀菌效果的试验观察

目的:在实验室对以乳杆菌发酵液为主要成分的乳杆菌生态消毒剂进行杀灭微生物效果观察.方法:采用定量杀菌法试验、稳定性试验、皮肤刺激性试验和阴道黏膜刺激性试验方法进行.结果:以该剂原液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌作用10 min,杀灭率均达91.67%以上;对德氏乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌作用10 min,杀灭率分别是25.15%和55.77%.本消毒剂于54℃条件下放置14 d,杀菌效果无明显变化,对皮肤无刺激性,对阴道为轻度刺激性.结论:伊清爽乳杆菌阴道生态消毒剂具有杀灭和抑制有害菌,扶植乳酸菌的作用,是新一代保健型阴道卫生用品.     

异噻唑酮用作循环冷却水杀菌灭藻剂的研究

本试验采用杯碟法、试管稀释法和显微直接计数法测试异噻唑酮对常见菌藻的抑杀效果,并用该药剂对循环冷却水主要危害菌——硫酸盐还原菌,铁细菌和形成粘液的异养菌进行室内静态杀菌试验。结果表明,其杀菌灭藻效果优于目前常用的工业杀菌剂,投药量10ppm,对水中主要危害菌的杀灭率达到99%以上。     

生物抑菌剂抑制大肠埃希菌效果研究

为研究生物防腐剂壳聚糖、ε-聚赖氨酸、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)能否代替化学性食品防腐剂,通过敏感性测定、杀菌动力学测定、正交优化实验、应用效果试验,研究了其对指示菌大肠埃希菌的抑制效果。结果表明,壳聚糖、Nisin、ε-聚赖氨酸的最小抑菌浓度分别为10、2.5、0.078mg/mL。当壳聚糖、Nisin、ε-聚赖氨酸的浓度分别为5、0.04、0.01mg/mL时对大肠埃希菌的抑制作用最好,在这一最佳组合条件下对大肠埃希菌杀菌率达88.57%。     

经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL控制工业循环水中有害微生物的研究

研究了经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL对异氧菌、硫酸盐还原菌和铁细菌的杀菌作用。结果表明,在实验室条件下,其杀菌率平均为99％以上,在pH5和pH7时分别为97.8％和88％。而在现场投药试验条件下为92％以上。可以认为,OACL是一种新型的、经济的高效杀菌灭藻剂。     

二氧化氯控制北京热电厂除盐水系统中微生物污损危害的效果

为控制北京热电厂除盐水系统中微生物的污堵危害,在现场进行了二氧化氯杀菌的中试及生产性试验,并与加氯杀丽的效果作了比较。在投药量为2ppm的二氧化氯和氯的中试中,滤柱运转周期分别为对照的205％和122％;杀菌率分别为95—100％和85—91％。二氧化氯低剂量(1ppm)生产性投加比氯(5—6ppm)提高杀菌率50一90％,并随时间延长杀菌率进一步提高到90％以上。在不超过2ppm的高剂量投加下,水中存活菌量比加氯(5—6ppm)时下降90—99％,在低或高剂量投加下,玻片附着菌量下降90—95％。滤料、树脂层中菌量下降80—99％。挂片污垢量下降48一70％。延缓菌膜形成期l倍以上。滤池反冲次数下降35—49％,阴阳树脂交换容量分别提高14—17.0％和8—11．8％。 试验表明=氧化氯杀菌、抑制污堵效果明显优于氯,采用投量1一2ppm药剂能达到有效控制或延缓热电厂微生物污堵危害的目的。     

常压低温等离子体对羊肚菌培养基质的杀菌效果及工艺优化

以羊肚菌培养基质为试验对象,采用常压低温等离子体技术对其进行杀菌处理,分别研究了等离子体处理过程中电压、频率、时间和次数4种单因素变量对菌落数和水分的影响,并通过正交实验优化了处理工艺条件。结果表明,细菌和真菌的杀菌率随常压等离子体处理电压、处理时间和处理次数的增大而增加,水分损失也随之增加,而随着频率的增大,杀菌率呈现先增大后减小的“火山型”趋势。不同处理条件下的杀菌效果普遍存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。正交实验表明4种影响因素大小为：频率>电压>时间>次数,最佳杀菌工艺条件为：电压30kV,频率9.6kHz,时间45 min,次数1次,此条件下细菌和真菌杀菌率分别为96.87%和93.77%,且水分损失较少。     

魔芋试管苗移栽死苗原因分析及防治技术研究

分析了魔芋试管苗移栽过程中死苗的原因,主要是由没有经过药剂消毒所致。研究了农用链霉素、多菌灵等农药对试管苗的消毒效果,结果表明:单一药剂处理以农用链霉素效果最好,25 d之内发病率为0,30 d内发病率低于5%;其次是多菌灵,15 d之内发病率低于5%,30之内低于15%;冠菌清有一定的效果,但在30 d之内发病率达到了29.2%;威尔达甲托和百菌清单独使用对试管苗病害的发生没有效果,比不用药剂处理发病率更高;综合药剂处理以百菌清+农用链霉素和冠菌清+农用链霉素效果最好,30 d之内发病率均低于5%;多菌灵+威尔达甲托很差,仅比对照低24.6%,30 d之内发病率达到了56.2%。     

醋酸氯己定与乙醇的协同杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对醋酸氯己定与乙醇的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。研究发现,0.1%醋酸氯己定与75%乙醇混合溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均呈现出显著的协同杀菌作用。结果表明,醋酸氯己定与乙醇具有良好的协同杀菌效果。     

洗必泰与新洁尔灭的协同杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,以协同系数T/E值作为评价指标,对洗必泰与新洁尔灭的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。发现0.1%洗必泰与0.1%新洁尔灭协同作用2 min,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌均起到了显著协同杀菌效果。     

苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物的协同杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。研究发现,0.1%苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物混合溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均呈现出显著的协同杀菌作用。结果表明,苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物具有良好的协同杀菌效果。     

苦参水提液的杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对苦参水提液的杀菌效果进行实验室研究。研究发现,苦参水提液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均具有明显的杀菌作用。通过模拟现场试验,苦参水提液起到了显著地杀菌效果。     

艾叶提取物的杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对艾叶提取物的杀菌效果进行实验室研究。研究发现,艾叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均具有明显的杀菌作用。通过模拟现场试验,艾叶提取物有显著的杀菌效果。     

Influence of applied volume on efficacy of 3-minute surgical reference disinfection method prEN 12791

For assessment of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection, European reference method prEN 12791 prescribes that the hands must be kept wet with the reference alcohol for 3 min regardless of the applied volume. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied volume of the reference disinfectant n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) influences the effect on the resident hand flora. Ten experiments with 200 reference disinfections were analyzed. Hands were washed for 1 min with soap. The bacterial prevalue was obtained by rubbing fingertips in tryptic soy broth for 1 min. After this, each subject treated the hands with n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) by using as many portions as necessary to keep hands wet for a total of 3 min. Bacterial postvalues (immediate effect) were obtained for one hand, and the other hand was gloved for 3 h. After the gloves were taken off, a second postvalue was obtained (sustained effect). Most surgical reference disinfections (73%) were achieved with 9 ml of the reference alcohol, followed by 12 ml (24%) and 6 ml (3%). There was no significant difference between the mean log10 reduction values for the three treatment groups, both in terms of the immediate effect (P = 0.333, as determined by analysis of variance) and in terms of the sustained effect (P = 0.442). A higher number of portions did not correlate with a higher reduction factor (for immediate effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = -0.028 [P = 0.689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy.     

Effectiveness of handwashing agents in eliminating Staphylococcus aureus from gloved hands.

The recent emphasis on gloving has resulted in accounts of healthcare workers washing gloves instead of changing them. This study evaluated the efficacy of soap and three germicidal agents in decontaminating latex and vinyl medical gloves that were experimentally contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Gloves were tested for perforations before and after the glove-washing procedure. Results of this study demonstrated that contamination was reduced from the glove surfaces. Although the routine washing of gloved hands cannot be recommended, it may be carried out under limited circumstances.     

Effectiveness of handwashing agents in eliminating Staphylococcus aureus from gloved hands

The recent emphasis on gloving has resulted in accounts of healthcare workers washing gloves instead of changing them. This study evaluated the efficacy of soap and three germicidal agents in decontaminating latex and vinyl medical gloves that were experimentally contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Gloves were tested for perforations before and after the glovewashing procedure. Results of this study demonstrated that contamination was reduced from the glove surfaces. Although the routine washing of gloved hands cannot be recommended, it may be carried out under limited circumstances.