磁压榨技术建立大鼠胃肠吻合模型的实验研究

目的:探讨采用磁压榨技术建立大鼠胃肠吻合模型的可行性。方法:设计加工适用于大鼠胃肠吻合的子、母磁体。将10只SD大鼠采用磁压榨技术进行胃肠吻合,子、母磁体分别经口置入大鼠胃和空肠内,子母磁体相吸压榨胃壁和肠壁,磁体间受压组织缺血坏死后连同磁体从吻合口脱落入肠道,胃肠吻合即建立,磁体最终经消化道自行排出体外,术后2周处死动物,获取吻合口标本,检测吻合口爆破压、肉眼和光镜下观察吻合口愈合情况。结果:10只SD大鼠中,1只因麻醉意外死亡,其余9只大鼠均顺利完成手术操作并存活至术后2周;手术平均操作时间(15.89±3.25)min,磁体排出体外时间(8.56±1.26)天(范围7-11)天;吻合口爆破压均大于200 mm Hg,吻合口组织HE染色和Masson染色可见粘膜层连续性建立,愈合良好。结论:磁压榨技术可用于大鼠胃肠吻合模型制备,具有操作简单、成功率高的优点。     

磁导航技术辅助麦芒仿生鼻肠营养管的设计和初步实验研究

目的:为解决现有液囊鼻肠营养管置管过程中漂浮时间长、成功率低的问题,设计了基于磁导航技术辅助的磁性麦芒仿生鼻肠营养管。方法:分析了麦芒在管腔内能够快速单向移动的力学原理,结合磁外科相关技术,提出了鼻肠管头端内嵌磁性麦芒仿生结构设计方案和磁导航技术辅助快速推进的操作方法,并在体内外模拟了其运动情况。结果:体外管路模拟实验提示麦芒仿生结构在外力作用下能够快速移动。家兔肠道实验显示,磁性麦芒仿生结构在导航磁体引导下,能够在肠道内快速单向移动。结论:磁性麦芒仿生结构在导航磁体的引导下能够实现消化道内快速单向移动,该设计进一步优化有望用于临床。     

不同镀层钕铁硼磁体抗胆汁腐蚀的体外研究

目的:利用体外浸泡法评价镍镀层、氮化钛镀层和镍-氮化钛复合镀层后的钕铁硼磁体抗胆汁腐蚀的效果,为临床磁压榨技术在胆道重建中的应用提供表面改性方案。方法:收集临床患者胆汁,采用体外恒温38℃浸泡磁体,定期称量磁体质量并更换浸泡液,检测浸泡液铁离子浓度。浸泡30天后计算各组磁体质量丢失率,扫描电镜观察磁体表面结构。结果:胆汁浸泡30天后,裸磁体、镍镀层、氮化钛镀层、镍-氮化钛复合镀层组磁体质量丢失率分别为0.57%、0.35%、0.34%、0.19%,不同时间点浸泡液铁离子浓度不同。电镜观察结果显示各组浸泡后磁体表面均出现不同程度的腐蚀斑,镀层出现脱落。结论:镍-氮化钛复合镀层表面改性处理后的钕铁硼磁体抗腐蚀能力明显优于单纯镍镀层和氮化钛镀层的磁体。     

基于磁驱动技术的空肠营养管的设计

目的:为解决目前床旁鼻肠管快速置入成功率低这一临床难题,该文提出一种基于磁驱动技术的空肠营养管的设计。方法:分析了现有空肠营养管置管过程中的动力因素,结合磁驱动技术原理,提出了通过体外旋转磁场带动体内感应磁体螺旋式前进的设计方案,以期缩短空肠营养管的飘管时间。结果:该设计包括磁性空肠营养管和体外磁力驱动装置两部分。其中磁性空肠营养管由管体和感应磁头两部分构成,感应磁头包括磁体内核和硅胶外壳。磁力驱动装置由多极磁体和手持式微型电机组成。操作时通过体外磁力驱动装置发出大旋转磁场带动空肠营养管的感应磁头做轴向旋转运动,可加速空肠营养管在肠道内的移动,达到缩短飘管时间的目的。结论:该设计基于磁驱动技术原理,设计巧妙,符合磁力学原理,操作简单,具有临床应用潜力。     

同种异体骨切割设备夹持装置的设计

根据对骨植入材料的力学分析，从仿生学原理入手，建立六自由度的手夹持结构的力学模型，设计了骨切割设备夹持手机械结构。它能适应不规则形状骨材料的加工，满足临床对不同规格产品的需求，可提高操作的安全性、骨料的利用率。     

磁选育浸矿菌种新方法的研究--磁泳分离菌种

世界无处不有磁,磁场对整个世界产生着重大的影响。本文通过大量镜检工作,观察到从酸性矿坑水中初步分离培养得到的部分细菌对外加磁场均有微弱的趋磁性。基于菌种的这种特性,设计了磁泳装置用不同的磁场梯度分离细菌,磁泳分离的方法可以初步分离出近磁、远磁菌,这两个菌群的生理特性有着很大的差异,主要体现在其对亚铁氧化和对金属离子的浸出上,远磁菌亚铁氧化活性比近磁菌高将近50%,远磁菌对铜离子的浸出效果也比近磁菌好。近磁菌在强磁性矿物培养基中生长情况较好,而远磁菌在弱磁性矿物培养基中生长情况较好。而且,在近磁菌的纯培养菌体中分离到磁性颗粒。实验结果证明,采用磁泳用于分离体内含有磁性颗粒的细菌是可行并且有效的,这一分离技术和工艺的结合也将大大促进我国生物冶金的步伐。     

磁泳分离细菌新方法的研究

从酸性矿坑水中富集培养分离到的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.ferrooxidans）[1-2] 菌同趋磁细菌具有一定的相似性。通过显微镜观察发现,部分浸矿细菌在外加磁场的作用下具有微弱的趋磁性,基于菌种的这种特性,设计了磁泳分离仪,对其在磁场作用下泳动（磁泳）进行分析,经磁泳后的近磁、远磁菌的生理特性有较大的差异。从用涂布平板法获得的近磁菌纯培养A. ferrooxidans菌体中,分离得到纳米磁性颗粒,能谱分析表明,其主要成分为Fe和O元素。实验结果证明,A. ferrooxidans具有微弱趋磁性,采用磁泳分离该类菌体内含有磁性颗粒的细菌是可行的,这一分离技术的进一步完善和改进将为传统的微生物菌种分离提供一种新型分离技术,也将大大促进趋磁细菌的研究,而且它与浸矿工艺的结合将大大促进我国生物冶金的研究步伐。     

子宫动脉夹持钳——腹式全子宫切除术中夹持子宫动脉的专用器械及结扎方法介绍

腹式全子宫切除术是妇科最常见手术之一,结扎子宫动脉是该手术中主要环节。由于子宫动脉在靠近子宫处其周围有较多小静脉血管,这些小血管紧贴于子宫旁侧,在缝扎血管时需避免因缝针穿破血管而引起出血。用一般止血钳钳夹子宫动脉,在合钳时可能发生个别小血管被挤出钳端之外,而该处正是进针部位,易刺破血管。为防止上述情况,我们改用鼠齿钳(组织钳)钳夹子宫动脉,并考虑到:一、子宫颈段呈管状,其肌质较韧,用鼠齿钳紧贴子宫合钳时不会夹住肌层。二、合钳时能将紧贴子宫旁的血管均夹入钳内。三、钳吻合端较止血钳宽,便于引导缝针。具体操作步骤如下:在分离膀胱及阔韧带无血管     

电化学免疫传感器在传染病快速检测中的应用

传染病的快速检测是传染病预防控制的重要环节,其中现场快速检测对于及时有效控制传染病疫情尤为关键。相比于传统检测方法,电化学免疫传感器具有操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确、设备可小型化等优势,可用于传染病快速检测。简要综述了近年来电化学免疫传感器在传染病快速检测中的应用研究进展,重点阐述了该类传感器在现场检测中的主要贡献和不足之处,以及免疫磁分离技术与电化学传感检测相结合在传染病快速检测方面的优势。     

磁杆菌HMB—1的磁小体特性及其合成条件的研究

从西安段家坡黄土剖面６１个土样中,分离纯化出一株磁杆菌ＨＭＢ１,并对其磁性特点及磁小体的合成条件进行了研究;同时用Ｘ射线能谱分析测定了磁小体的组成成分,主要为铁和钴。综合实验结果得出ＨＭＢ１生长及磁小体形成的最适培养基     

Quantitative Modeling and Optimization of Magnetic Tweezers

Magnetic tweezers are a powerful tool to manipulate single DNA or RNA molecules and to study nucleic acid-protein interactions in real time. Here, we have modeled the magnetic fields of permanent magnets in magnetic tweezers and computed the forces exerted on superparamagnetic beads from first principles. For simple, symmetric geometries the magnetic fields can be calculated semianalytically using the Biot-Savart law. For complicated geometries and in the presence of an iron yoke, we employ a finite-element three-dimensional PDE solver to numerically solve the magnetostatic problem. The theoretical predictions are in quantitative agreement with direct Hall-probe measurements of the magnetic field and with measurements of the force exerted on DNA-tethered beads. Using these predictive theories, we systematically explore the effects of magnet alignment, magnet spacing, magnet size, and of adding an iron yoke to the magnets on the forces that can be exerted on tethered particles. We find that the optimal configuration for maximal stretching forces is a vertically aligned pair of magnets, with a minimal gap between the magnets and minimal flow cell thickness. Following these principles, we present a configuration that allows one to apply ≥40 pN stretching forces on ≈1-μm tethered beads.     

Oscillations of the collisionless sheath

An Eulerian-Vlasov code is used to study the properties of a collisionless sheath with grazing incidence of the magnetic field. In the case where the ion gyroradius is large compared to the Debye length, the electrons, frozen by the magnetic field lines, have to move rapidly along the magnetic field B in their attempt to follow the ions gyrating perpendicular to B. Below a critical angle, the electrons moving parallel to B can no longer follow the gyrating ions and low-frequency oscillations appear in the system. Published in Russian in Fizika Plazmy, 2008, Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 812–815. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

A three-dimensional finite element model for arterial clamping

Clamp induced injuries of the arterial wall may determine the outcome of surgical procedures. Thus, it is important to investigate the underlying mechanical effects. We present a three-dimensional finite element model, which allows the study of the mechanical response of an artery-treated as a two-layer tube-during arterial clamping. The important residual stresses, which are associated with the load-free configuration of the artery, are also considered. In particular, the finite element analysis of the deformation process of a clamped artery and the associated stress distribution is presented. Within the clamping area a zone of axial tensile peak-stresses was identified, which (may) cause intimal and medial injury. This is an additional injury mechanism, which clearly differs from the commonly assumed wall damage occurring due to compression between the jaws of the clamp. The proposed numerical model provides essential insights into the mechanics of the clamping procedure and the associated injury mechanisms. It allows detailed parameter studies on a virtual clamped artery, which can not be performed with other methodologies. This approach has the potential to identify the most appropriate clamps for certain types of arteries and to guide optimal clamp design.     

Behaviour of trout (Salmo trutta L.) larvae and fry in a constant magnetic field

Effects of a constant magnetic field on the selection of swimming direction by trout (Salmo trutta L.) larvae and fry were investigated in an experimental facility consisting of chambers equipped with magnets as well as magnet‐free chambers placed at the entrance. The experiments showed a close relationship between the direction selected by the larvae and fry and the presence or absence of ferritic magnets generating a constant magnetic field. The results obtained indicate during early ontogenesis, when a newly hatched individual is no longer an embryo but also not a mature form, that the larva is sensitive to a magnetic field. This sensitivity seems to be related to an exteroreception system that develops at that time involving magnetoreceptors containing magnetite particles.     

Shape memory alloy clip for compression colonic anastomosis

This study was setup to investigate the design and performance of a shape memory alloy clip for colonic anastomosis. The thermo-mechanical properties of the shape memory alloy material were studied and the data were used to derive a nonlinear material model. This enabled the development of computer computer aided design models and finite element analysis of the clip and tissue compression. The maximum strain of the anastomosis clip was within the recoverable range, and it exerted parallel compression of the colonic walls with a uniform pressure distribution. The design of the anastomosis clip was optimized for safe, simple, and effective use in colon surgery.     

Crystallographic structure of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of Plasmodium falciparum FKBP35 and its molecular interaction with Hsp90 C‐terminal pentapeptide

Plasmodium falciparum FK506‐binding protein 35 (PfFKBP35) that binds to FK506 contains a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Several known TPR domains such as Hop, PPP5, CHIP, and FKBP52 are structurally conserved and are able to interact with molecular chaperones such as Hsp70/Hsp90. Here, we present the crystal structure of PfFKBP35‐TPR and demonstrate its interaction with Hsp90 C‐terminal pentapeptide (MEEVD) by surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐based binding studies. Our sequence and structural analyses reveal that PfFKBP35 is similar to Hop and PPP5 in possessing all the conserved residues which are important for carboxylate clamping with Hsp90. Mutational studies were carried out on positively charged clamp residues that are crucial for binding to carboxylate groups of aspartate, showing that all the mutated residues are important for Hsp90 binding. Molecular docking and electrostatic calculations demonstrated that the MEEVD peptide of Hsp90 can form aspartate clamp unlike FKBP52. Our results provide insightful information and structural basis about the molecular interaction between PfFKBP35‐TPR and Hsp90.