微生物酶不对称水解合成S(+)-布洛芬的研究 Ⅱ.反应条件和产物提取

皮状丝孢酵母具有较强不对称水解底物专一性.在试验的五种布洛芬消旋酯中,水解甲酯和异丙酯生成s(+)-布洛芬ee可达97%,乙酯为93%以上;而水解活性以乙酯最强,转化率高于30%.不对称水解最适pH6.5—7.0;温度在28—37℃范围内拆分能力无明显差别.该酵母的水解酶为胞内酶,将酵母细胞制成两酮干粉进行水解可提高立体专一性.产物S(+)-布洛芬可借助于酸碱反应和有机溶剂提取得到,同时回收未水解的酯.     

微生物酶不对称水解合成S(+)-布洛芬的研究 Ⅰ.高度立体选择性菌株的筛选

从361株细菌和酵母菌中分别筛选到12株可不对称水解布洛芬乙酯生成R(-)-布洛芬的细菌(5株菌对映体过量(ee)可达85%)和15株具有不对称水解布洛芬乙酯活性的酵母菌,其中皮状丝孢酵母T158生成S(+)-布洛芬,ee可超过92%.该酵母菌最适碳源为葡萄糖,浓度以1.0—1.5%适宜,蛋白胨浓度低于0.3%或高于0.5%对水解拆分均不利.酵母膏的加入显著提高水解活性,最适浓度0.3%.在培养基中添加表面活性剂吐温80(0.2%)既可提高拆分专一性,又能增强水解能力.     

微生物酶不对称水解合成S(+)-布洛芬的研究 Ⅰ.高度立体选择性菌株的筛选

从361株细菌和酵母菌中分别筛选到12株可不对称水解布洛芬乙酯生成R(-)-布洛芬的细菌(5株菌对映体过量(ee)可达85%)和15株具有不对称水解布洛芬乙酯活性的酵母菌,其中皮状丝孢酵母T158生成S( )-布洛芬,ee可超过92%.该酵母菌最适碳源为葡萄糖,浓度以1.0—1.5%适宜,蛋白胨浓度低于0.3%或高于0.5%对水解拆分均不利.酵母膏的加入显著提高水解活性,最适浓度0.3%.在培养基中添加表面活性剂吐温80(0.2%)既可提高拆分专一性,又能增强水解能力.     

微生物酶不对称水解合成S(+)-布洛芬的研究 Ⅰ.高度立体选择性菌株的筛选

从361株细菌和酵母菌中分别筛选到12株可不对称水解布洛芬乙酯生成R(-)-布洛芬的细菌(5株菌对映体过量(ee)可达85%)和15株具有不对称水解布洛芬乙酯活性的酵母菌,其中皮状丝孢酵母T158生成S(+)-布洛芬,ee可超过92%.该酵母菌最适碳源为葡萄糖,浓度以1.0—1.5%适宜,蛋白胨浓度低于0.3%或高于0.5%对水解拆分均不利.酵母膏的加入显著提高水解活性,最适浓度0.3%.在培养基中添加表面活性剂吐温80(0.2%)既可提高拆分专一性,又能增强水解能力.     

酮基布洛芬拆分用酯酶产生菌的筛选及其催化特性*

从土攘中筛选获得一株可以高对映选择性水解酮基布洛芬乙酯的酵母KET4,经鉴定为芸苔丝孢酵母（Trichosporon　brassicae）。研究了该菌的生长和产酶过程,考察了其静息细胞对酮基布洛芬乙酯水解的催化特性。用该菌催化酯水解时,转化率为41％时,产物的对映体过量值为91％,对映选择率达到45。     

脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及不对称水解合成S-(+)-萘普生

从１６个土样中分离获得一株脂肪酶产生菌Ｅ－５３＃,该菌可优先水解Ｓ－（＋）－萘普生甲酯为Ｓ－（＋）－萘普生,ｅｅ值可超过８７％。该菌经初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌,最佳产酶培养基为葡萄糖０．５％、蛋白胨０．５％、酵母膏０．２％。０．５％的橄榄油,能诱导脂肪酶的大量产生。     

手性高效液相色谱法测定S（＋）—布洛芬对映体过量

用手性固定相高效液相色谱法测定了样品或样品或微生物酶不对称水解反应液中Ｓ（＋）－布洛芬对映体过量。该法首先将布洛芬转化为二苯酰胺衍生物,然后在Ｎ－３,５－二硝基苯甲酰－（Ｒ）－苯甘氨酸［（Ｒ）－ＤＮＢ－ＰＧ］的共价型ＣＳＰ柱上进行对映体ＨＰＬＣ分离。流动相选择正已烷－异丙醇（９８：２）,流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,对映体分离度１．４７。按相同方法同时进行消旋布洛芬的二苯酰胺衍生物的分离,由其对映体峰高比可     

酮基布洛芬拆分用酯酶产生菌的筛选及其催化特性

从土壤中筛选获得一株可以高对映选择性水解酮基布洛芬乙酯的酵母KET4,经鉴定为芸苔丝孢酵母（Trichosporon brassicae）。研究了该菌的生长和产酶过程,考察了其静息细胞对酮基布洛芬乙酯水解的催化特性。用该菌催化酯水解时,转化率为41%时,产物的对映体过量值为91%,对映选择率达到45。     

手性Schiff－Base在手性PTC条件下的双不对称诱导烷基化

本文报道了以苯甲醛甘氨酸酯〔乙酯,（—）—簿荷醇酯〕西佛碱作为反应底物,烯丙基溴,溴苄,对硝基溴作为烷基化试剂,在以（—）—Ｎ—基氯化辛可宁丁,（＋）－Ｎ基氯化辛可宁作为催化剂的固液相转移条件下的双不对称诱导烷基化反应,进而水解得到α—光学活性氨基酸。光学产率为２．５７—２２．４％,实验中观察到了双不对称诱导效应。     

环氧丙醇酯立体专-性水解酶产生菌的筛选*

从土壤中筛选出一株能拆分（Ｒ,Ｓ）－环氧丙醇丁酸酯的根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｓｐ．Ｂｃ０－０９）,该菌株所产胞外脂肪酶在水解环氧丙醇丁酸酯的反应中具有良好的立体专一性。在ｐＨ恒定７．０的条件下,以其发酵液水解底物,当转化率为５８％时,残留的（Ｒ）－环氧丙醇丁酸酯的光学纯度（对映体过量值）达９６．１％。     

Regiospecific hydroxylation of 3-(methylaminomethyl) pyridine to 5-(methylaminomethyl) -2 (1H) -pyridinone byArthrobacter ureafaciens

Microbial production of a 6-hydroxy-3-pyridylmethyl compound from 3-pyridylmethyl compound was investigated. The hydroxylation of 3-(methylaminomethyl)pyridine to 5-(methylaminomethyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone, tautomer of 2-hydroxy-5(methylaminomethyl)pyridine, by resting cells ofArthrobacter ureafaciens JCM3873 was found to proceed regio- and chemo-selectively with an almost quantitative yield. The addition of molybdate ion and nicotine as an inducer to the culture medium was required for the preparation of cells containing high hydroxylation activity. The optimal temperature and pH for the hydroxylation by using resting cells were 35°C and around 7, respectively. This hydroxylation enzyme does undergo inhibition by the substrate. The inhibitory effect could be eliminated by stepwise feeding of the substrate. Under adequate conditions, 23 mg/ml of 5-(methylaminomethyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone was produced with a molar yield of nearly 100% from 3-(methylaminomethyl)pyridine.     

Production of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate by strains ofAlcaligenes latus

Alcaligenes latus strains can accumulate poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to about 85% of cell dry weight. The abilities to store poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) of three strains ofA. latus were investigated. With Na-propionate as PHV precursor, strainA. latusDSM 1122 had better PHV accumulation ability than strainsA. latusDSM 1123 and 1124. StrainA. latus DSM 1123 could store PHV when Na-valerate but not Na-propionate served as the PHV precursor. PHB and PHV accumulation byA. latus DSM 1124 rapidly increased when propionic acid and acetic acid were together added to the fermentor. This increase was not obtained in the culture shaker flask and fermentor growing the same strain when Na-propionate alone served as a PHV precursor.     

(E)-2-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazono)-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione: Tautomery and coordination to copper(II)

(E)-2-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazono)-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (H₂L) was synthesized by azocoupling of diazonium salt of 2-hydroxyaniline with 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione and characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies and X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution, H₂L exists as a mixture of the enol-azo and hydrazone tautomeric forms and a decrease of temperature and of solvent polarity shifts the tautomeric balance to the hydrazone form. In the solid state, H₂L crystallizes from ethanol-water in the monohydrate hydrazone form, as shown by X-ray analysis. The dissociation constants of H₂L (pK₁ = 5.98 ± 0.04, pK₂ = 9.72 ± 0.03) and the stability constants of its copper(II) complex (log β₁ = 11.01 ± 0.07, log β₂ = 20.19 ± 0.08) were determined by the potentiometric method in aqueous-ethanol solution. The copper(II) complex [Cu₂(μ-L)₂]_n was isolated in the solid state and found by X-rays to be a coordination polymer of a binuclear core with a distorted square pyramidal metal coordination geometry.     

Isolation and identification of urinary metabolites of AF-2 (3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)acrylamide) in rabbits

After oral administration of AF-2 (3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)acrylamide) to rabbits, the two unique metabolites, M-I and M-II, were isolated from the urine. M-I, yellow needles of mp 117°, was identified as a new type metabolite of nitrofuran derivative, 2-(β-carboxypropionyl)-3-(5-methylthio-2-furyl) acrylamide by its mass, ir and nmr spectrometries. M-II, yellow solid, appears to be cis-trans isomer of M-I considering from its uv and mass spectral data, and the behavior on tlc.     

（－）SPD和（－）THP对蓝斑核去甲肾上腺素能神经元自发放电的影响

利用在体记录大鼠蓝斑核神经元单位放电,研究了（－）ＳＰＤ和（－）ＴＨＰ对其放电活动的影响。结果表明：（－）ＳＰＤ通过去甲肾上腺素α２受体,以剂量依赖方式增强蓝斑核神经元放电,但较大剂量却对神经元放电有一定抑制。然而（－）ＴＨＰ可使蓝斑核去甲肾上腺素能神经元出现可逆性放电抑制。     

A Pitfall of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) Assay due to Evaporation in wells on the Edge of a 96 well Plate

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) calorimetric assay is replacing the traditional 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as a fast, one-step assay of cell viability. We have observed that evaporation of the outer wells of a 96 well plate increases the absorbancy by 52% compared to the inner wells. Filling the outer 2 rows of wells with media and replacement of the media prior to addition of the MTS reagent will, however, correct this inaccuracy.     

Therapeutic effect of (Z)-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile (DMMA) against Staphylococcus aureus infection in a murine model

Sortase enzymes belong to a family of transpeptidases found in Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase is responsible for the reaction that anchors surface protein virulence factors to the peptidoglycan cell wall of the bacteria. The compound (Z)-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile (DMMA) has previously been reported as a novel sortase inhibitor in vitro, but the in vivo effects of DMMA have not been studied. Here, we evaluated the in vivo effects of DMMA against infection by wild-type and sortase A- and/or sortase B-deficient Staphylococcus aureus in Balb/c mice. With DMMA treatment, survival rates increased and kidney and joint infection rates decreased (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. The rate of kidney infection was significantly reduced in the mice treated with sortase A knock-out S. aureus (p < 0.01). These results indicate that by acting as a potent inhibitor of sortase A and moderate inhibitor of sortase B, DMMA can decrease kidney and joint infection rates and reduce mortality in mice infected with S. aureus. These findings suggest that DMMA is a promising therapeutic compound against Gram-positive bacteria.     

3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-isothiocyanophenyl)diazirine: Synthesis and chemical characterization of a heterobifunctional carbene-generating crosslinking reagent

A new hydrophobic heterobifunctional photocrosslinking reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-isothiocyanophenyl)diazirine (TRIMID), a carbene precursor, and its radioiodinated analogue [¹²⁵I]TRIMID, have been synthesized and chemically characterized. The reagents were applied for membrane protein modification in human erythrocyte membranes and purple membranes fromHalobacterium halobium. Covalent labeling of the anion transport protein (band 3) via the isothiocyanate function was confirmed. Radiolabeled TRIMID was detected in at least two thermolysin-generated transmembrane fragments of the anion transport protein, and half-maximal inhibition of the erythrocyte anion transport activity was attained with 2.2 mM reagent. In bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a common binding site for the monofunctional phenylisothiocyanate and the bifunctional crosslinking reagent was identified: preincubation of purple membranes with TRIMID suppressed phenylisothio-[¹⁴C]-cyanate binding to BR. [¹²⁵I]TRIMID was recovered in V-1, the N-terminal segment of BR, which includes the phenylisothiocyanate binding site Lys-41. Light-induced intramolecular crosslinking of band 3-derived thermolytic fragments was not observed, although the carbene was generatedin situ and photocrosslinking of the protease V8 fragments of BR was not detected. Chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the new reagent are discussed with regard to limitations imposed for photoinduced site-directed crosslink formation.     

Synthesis of (E)-9-(1-pyrenyl)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal, a fluorescent probe of the (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal with retained biological properties

(E)-9-(1-pyrenyl)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal (FHNE), a fluorescent probe of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal (HNE) is synthesised in seven steps and in 35% overall yield, starting from commercially available 1-pyrencarboxyaldehyde. When incubated with cultured HeLa cells this fluorescent probe penetrates cells and particularly concentrates in the region surrounding the nucleus. As the parent compound, HNE it is able to induce the activation of heat shock factor (HSF) and it is able to induce the binding of HSF to heat shock element (HSE).