A NEW RECORD SPECIES OF THE GENUS APORCELAIMELLUS HEYNS FROM CHINA (NEMATODA, DORYLAIMIDA, APORCELAIMIDAE)

描述了采自山东省沂水县烟草Nicotiana tabacum Linn.根围土的中国线虫1新纪录种,钝尾小无环咽线虫Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus( Bastian,1865) Altherr,1968.该种主要的鉴别特征是雌虫虫体中等到大型,角质层山明显的2层组成;唇区角状,明 显缢缩,唇瓣彼此分离;齿针强壮,长22.1 (19.9-27.1) μm,其开口占齿针长的一半;食道矛线型,贲门圆锥形;雌虫双生殖腺,阴门通常位于体中部,内阴唇骨化明显,呈心形;内阴唇和阴道总长约占阴门处体宽的2/5;尾长31.9 (23.2～37.3) μm,是肛门处体宽的0.7 (0.6～0.8)倍,尾呈钝圆锥形到半球形,末端圆,有厚的肌肉层,肛门后有粗糙的放射状条纹.它与A.faridpuriensis的主要区别在于:齿针较短(19.9 ～27.1 μmvs.35 ～39μm),前直肠较短(96.2μm vs.145 μm).它与A.krygeri的主要区别在于:齿针较短(22.1 μm vs.25 μm),尾较长(23.2 ～37.3 μm vs.20～25 μm),c’值大(0.6 ～0.8 vs.0.2～0.3),尾呈钝圆锥形到半球形,A.krygeri尾非常短,半球形且背凹,具钉状末端( Singh.Sharma& Khatoon,2002;Thome,1974).讨论了钝尾小无环咽线虫的已有报道和国内分布,对Aporcelaimellus属及相关属科的中文译名进行了厘订.     

无孔小咽属线虫一新种(线虫纲,矛线目,孔咽科)

描述了采自山东省胶南市蓝莓Vaccinium corymbosumL.根部的线虫1新种,即胶南无孔小咽线虫Aporcelaimellus jiaonanensis sp.nov.。新种主要的鉴别特征是雌虫虫体中等长度,强壮,体表角质层由明显的两层组成;唇区缢缩明显,唇瓣彼此分离,呈角状;齿针强壮;内阴唇骨化明显,呈心形;尾圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突,尾尖突末端钝,尾长是肛门处体宽的1.1～1.4倍。新种的近似种是亚马逊无孔小咽线虫A.amazonicus Andrassy,2004和岛居无孔小咽线虫A.insularis Andrassy,2004。新种与前者的主要区别是:新种内阴唇呈心形,尾尖突末端钝;亚马逊无孔小咽线虫内阴唇长且窄,不呈心形,尾尖突末端锐尖。新种与后者的主要区别是:新种虫体较长,尾较长、呈圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突;岛居无孔小咽线虫虫体较短,尾很短,向背面凹陷,具向背面弯曲的钉状尾尖突。     

大连滑刃线虫新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述(英文)

新种大连滑刃线虫.Aphelenchoides dalianensis sp.nov.采自中国辽宁省大连市老铁山的枯死黑松.新种的鉴别特征为:体较短(雌虫:571.5～658.0 μm;雄虫:436.8～520.0μm),口针纤细(雌虫:10.0～12.7 μm;雄虫:9.2～11.8μm)具有基部球,侧线4条.雌虫阴门位于虫体60%～75%处,尾型特殊,具蜗牛触角状分叉的尾尖突;雄虫尾部向腹面弯曲成拐杖形,有1简单尾尖突,交合刺小(10.0～12.9μm),乳突3对,无交合伞.新种的近似种是大核滑刃线虫A.macronucleatus,主要区别在于大核滑刃线虫的雌虫仅具一简单尾尖突,雄虫加热杀死后呈"L"形,而非新种的"J"形.应用限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP)的方法以及DNA测序为新种提供了分子生物学的证据.     

中国滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2001～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides alliussp.nov.。该虫具有以下特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显。已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～320μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390～400μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300～320μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360～430μm)。另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19μm×15μm,后阴子宫囊较短。     

粒科线虫中国新纪录种(侧尾腺纲,垫刃目)

报道了粒科线虫的1个新纪录种:细小茎线虫Ditylenchus exilis Brzeski,1983.其鉴定特征为雌虫身体在近阴门处直或微弯;环纹宽度不规则;头连续;侧区4条侧线;口针短,锥部大约为口针长度的1/3,基球圆;中食道球梭形或微圆;后阴子宫囊为阴门处虫体直径的0.8～1.2倍;尾细,端圆,与肛阴距等长.雄虫与雌虫体形相似,交合伞钝齿形,占尾长的29%～35%.     

中国黄海与中国东海管咽线虫属(线虫动物门)一新种与一新纪录

描述了中国黄海自由生活海洋线虫1新种Siphonolaimus boucheri sp.nov.,S.boucheri sp.nov.的主要特征是:口针短(21～23μm),头直径为10～11μm,圆形化感器直径为13μm,与相应体直径的比例为59%;短交接刺(61～65μm,为肛径的1.33倍),无交接辅器;尾巴圆锥形,雄性尾巴为肛径的3.57倍,雌性尾巴为肛径的4.58倍。同时,描述了中国东海管咽线虫科的1新纪录,Siphonolaimus profundus。模式标本存放于中国海洋大学生命学院。     

木质包装材料中线虫一新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述

记述了伞滑刃属线虫1新种,即弯尾伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus curvicaudatus sp.nov..线虫样本自中国连云港口岸截获木质包装材料中分离获得.新种体长相对较长(雌虫767～960 μm;雄虫663～831 μm),口针较短(雌虫13.9～17.4 μm;雄虫13.9～16.5 μm),口针基部略微加厚,交合刺小(16.5～21.6 μm),末端盘状结构不明显,雌虫尾明显向腹面弯曲.另外,新种雄虫有6个尾乳突,与以前报道有7个尾乳突不同.交合刺形状、雌虫尾的形状及体长等特征能将新种与B.hofmanni、B.abietinus、B.fun-givorus、B.hellenicus、B. hylobianum、B.rainufi、B.eggersi以及B.corneolus区分开来.新种特有的限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP图谱)是该分离物为1新种的分子证据.     

滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从山东省乳山市牛筋草的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种,类刷尾滑刃线虫 Aphelenchoides parabrushmucronatus sp.nov,.该虫具有以下特征:雌虫虫体中等;唇区较高,缢缩明显;中食道球卵圆形;生殖系统发育良好,卵母细胞单列,受精囊和后阴子宫囊都含较大的圆形精子;雌虫尾圆柱形,尾端中间具有1试管刷状尾尖突.A.appendurus Singh,1967在形态上与新种相似,区别在于前者有两条侧线,虫体和口针更长,尾巴相对较短(L=720-880μm;stylet=16～17μm;tail=38.4μm).A.seiachicus Nesterov,1973在形态上也与新种相似,区别在于前者虫体更小,口针、尾巴更短(L=370-420μm;stylet=9.5μm;c'=3).     

长尾属线虫中国新纪录种的记述(滑刃目,长尾科)

长尾属中国新纪录种--奥兰加巴德长尾线虫Seinura aurangabadensis Suryawanshi,1971在山东省青州市的芸豆Plaseolus vulgaris和黑籽南瓜Cucurbita moschata的根际土壤中被发现.雌虫具有以下鉴别特征:头区略有缢缩;口针长17.3～18.5 μm,无基部球;排泄孔紧位于中食道球之后,神经环在排泄孔后约0.5个体宽处;无后阴子宫囊;肛门不明显,尾短丝状.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APHELENCHOIDES (APHELENCHIDA,APHELENCHOIDIDAE) NEMATODE FROM CHINA

2001 ～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides allius sp.nov..该虫具有以卜特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显.已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440 μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～ 320 μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390 ～400 μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300 ～ 320 μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360 ～430μm).另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑 刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19 μm×15 μm,后阴子宫囊较短.     

Studies of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda, Nordiidae) from Arctic polar deserts. 1. Species with long odontostyle: E. makarovae sp. n. and E. groenlandicus (Ditlevsen, 1927) Thorne, 1939, with an identification key to the species of the E. macrodorus group

Two nematode species of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939, one new and one known from Arctic polar deserts were studied. Enchodelus makarovaesp. n. is an amphimictic species, characterised by females with body length of 1.57-2.00 mm, lip region 15-17.5 μm wide, amphid duplex, odontostyle 38-43 μm long or 2.3-2.8 times lip region diam. Odontophore with flanges, 1.2-1.4 times as long as odontostyle; pharynx length 320-377 μm, pharyngeal expansion 113-130 μm long or 32-37% of total pharynx length; female genital system amphidelphic, uterus tripartite, pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoid sclerotisations, vulva a transverse slit (V=45-51%); tail bluntly conoid (25-35 μm, c=45.8-70.3, c'=0.6-0.9 in females, and 29-33 μm, c=46.4-58.9, c'=0.7-0.8 in males). Males with 65-74 μm long spicules and 10-12 spaced ventromedian supplements. Additional information for Enchodelus groenlandicus is provided, this being a new geographic record for the Putorana Plateau, Russian Arctic.     

Description of Crassolabium persicum sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Qudsianematidae), an interesting species from Iran

A new species of the genus Crassolabium, Crassolabium persicumsp. n., collected from Arasbaran rangelands of Iran, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its body 1.92-2.40 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 17-19 μm wide, odontostyle 16-19 μm long with aperture occupying less than one-third (27-30%) its length, neck 428-690 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 369-390 μm long or occupying 54-56% of total neck length, female genital system amphidelphic, uterus bipartite and 162-218 μm long or 2.3-3.5 times as long as body diameter, pars refringens vaginae well developed, V = 54-57.5, vulva longitudinal, prerectum bearing a blind sac, tail conical with rounded tip to conoid (25-36 μm, c=60-69, c'=0.5-0.9), spicules 68-72 μm long, precloacal pair of supplements far (22-27 μm) from cloacal aperture, and 13-17 shortly spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. The new taxon is compared in depth to its relatives in Crassolabium as well as other similar species of Aporcelaimellus and Amblydorylaimus.     

Longidorus orongorongensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from subsoil of conifer/broadleaved forest

Abstract

Longidorus orongorongensis n. sp. is bisexual and recognisable from its large size (adults over 6 mm long), long odontostyle (145-172 μm), bluntly conoid lip region continuous with the body contour and especially by the posteriorly placed guide ring more than 60 μm from the oral aperture; also the female has a bluntly rounded tailless than an anal body width long. The first stage juvenile has a bluntly rounded tail. Juveniles and adults from one site below virgin forest are described.     

Longidorus carniolensis sp. n. (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from vineyard soil in Slovenia

A new needle nematode, Longidorus carniolensissp. n., recovered from the soil around the roots of grapevine Vitis vinifera L. from Slovenia, is described and illustrated. Longidorus carniolensisis an amphimictic species, characterised by females with a moderately long (L=5.6-8.2 mm) and plump (a=51-72.4, ave. 66.3) body, assuming a spiral to C-shape when heat relaxed. Head region continuous, anteriorly almost flat, lip region 23-25 μm wide; guiding ring situated posteriorly (42-47 μm, 43-50 μm in males), odontostyle long (ave. 146.6 (136-157) μm); pharyngeal glands with normal location, their nuclei of approximately equal size; tail bluntly conoidal to almost hemispherical. Males abundant, spicules slender and long (122-145 μm), ventromedian supplements 13-17, irregularly spaced, preceded by an adanal pair. Four juvenile stages present, the first stage juvenile with bluntly conoidal tail. Codes for identifying the new species when using the key by Chen et al. (1997) are: A 56, B 4, C 4, D 1, E 4, F 35, G 1, H 1, I 2. The new species is morphologically the most similar to Longidorus poessneckensis Altherr, 1974, Longidorus macrosoma Hooper, 1961, Longidorus caespiticola Hooper, 1961, Longidorus helveticus Lamberti et al., 2001, Longidorus macroteromucronatus Altherr, 1974, Longidorus pius Barsi & Lamberti, 2001, Longidorus raskii Lamberti & Agostinelli, 1993, Longidorus kheirii Pedram et al. 2008, Longidorus silvae Roca, 1993, Longidorus iuglandis Roca et al., 1985, Longidorus vinearum Bravo & Roca, 1995 and Longidorus major Roca & d'Erico, 1987, but differs from these species either by the body and odontostyle length, position of guide ring, head region and tail shape or the shape of the first stage juvenile tail. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA distinguishes this new species from other speciesof the genus Longidorus with known sequences. Relationships of Longidorus carniolensissp. n. with other Longidorus species based on analysis of this DNA fragment and morphology are discussed.     

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Longidorus americanum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), a Needle Nematode Parasitizing Pine in Georgia

We describe and illustrate a new needle nematode, Longidorus americanum n. sp., associated with patches of severely stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine, (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings in seedbeds at the Flint River Nursery (Byromville, GA). It is characterized by having females with a body length of 5.4-9.0 mm; lip region slightly swollen, anteriorly flattened, giving the anterior end a truncate appearance; long odontostyle (124-165 µm); vulva at 44%-52% of body length; and tail conoid, bluntly rounded to almost hemispherical. Males are rare but present, and in general shorter than females. The new species is morphologically similar to L. biformis, L. paravineacola, L. saginus, and L. tarjani but differs from these species either by the body, odontostyle and total stylet length, or by head and tail shape. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA distinguishes this new species from other Longidorus species. Phylogenetic relationships of Longidorus americanum n. sp. with other longidorids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. Additional information regarding the distribution of this species within the region is required.     

Two new species of Longidoridae (Nematoda) from New Zealand forests

Xiphinema waimungui n. sp. from native forest in the North Island, New Zealand, is distinguished from many Xiphinema spp. by having two equal female genital branches, Z differentiation absent and tail short, convex-conoid. Females are 2.71–3.19 mm long, odontostyle 117–130 µm and odontophore 65–75 µm. Four juvenile stages are distinguished; tail shape does not vary markedly. Males were not found. Longidorus waikouaitii n. sp. from a native forest remnant in the South Island, New Zealand, has a rather posteriorly positioned guide-ring, large female body size (>6 mm), a bluntly conoid lip region which is continuous with the body contour and a bluntly rounded tail less than an anal body width long. No males and few juveniles were found. A dichotomous key is provided to the seven species of longidorids currently known from New Zealand.     

Descriptions of Three New Longidorus Species from Slovakia (Nemata: Longidoridae)

Three new Longidorus species from Slovakia are described. Longidorus carpathicus n. sp. most closely resembles Longidorus silvae but differs by having a longer odontostyle, odontophore, and total stylet; smaller a and c ratios; and longer distance to the guide ring. This new species also resembles L. picenus, L. macrosoma, and L. major but differs by having a narrower lip width. It further differs from L. picenus by having a longer odontostyle and smaller c ratio, and by lacking males; from L. macrosoma by having a longer odontostyle, smaller c ratio, by lacking males, and a more pronounced J1 tail peg; and from L. major by having a shorter body length, longer odontostyle, longer odontophore, and longer J1 tail peg. Longidorus piceicola n. sp. most closely resembles L. eridanicus, from which it differs by having a greater lip width, longer tail, smaller c ratio, larger c'' ratio, shorter hyaline tail length, and a conically rounded vs. hemispherical tail. This new species differs from L. cylindricaudatus by having a larger lip width, longer odontostyle and odontophore, and a greater distance to the guide ring; from L. nevesi by having a shorter body length, longer odontostyle, larger c'' ratio, and shorter hyaline tail length. Longidorus juglansicola n. sp. most closely resembles L. athesinus but differs by its longer body, wider lips, and larger a and c ratios. It closely resembles L. vineacola but differs by its shorter body length, smaller c ratio, and an almost parallel lip outline vs. an expanded lip outline; from L. lusitanicus by a longer odontophore and tail, and an almost parallel lip outline vs. an expanded lip outline.