木质包装材料中线虫一新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述

记述了伞滑刃属线虫1新种,即弯尾伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus curvicaudatus sp.nov..线虫样本自中国连云港口岸截获木质包装材料中分离获得.新种体长相对较长(雌虫767～960 μm;雄虫663～831 μm),口针较短(雌虫13.9～17.4 μm;雄虫13.9～16.5 μm),口针基部略微加厚,交合刺小(16.5～21.6 μm),末端盘状结构不明显,雌虫尾明显向腹面弯曲.另外,新种雄虫有6个尾乳突,与以前报道有7个尾乳突不同.交合刺形状、雌虫尾的形状及体长等特征能将新种与B.hofmanni、B.abietinus、B.fun-givorus、B.hellenicus、B. hylobianum、B.rainufi、B.eggersi以及B.corneolus区分开来.新种特有的限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP图谱)是该分离物为1新种的分子证据.     

中国滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2001～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides alliussp.nov.。该虫具有以下特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显。已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～320μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390～400μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300～320μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360～430μm)。另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19μm×15μm,后阴子宫囊较短。     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APHELENCHOIDES (APHELENCHIDA,APHELENCHOIDIDAE) NEMATODE FROM CHINA

2001 ～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides allius sp.nov..该虫具有以卜特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显.已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440 μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～ 320 μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390 ～400 μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300 ～ 320 μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360 ～430μm).另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑 刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19 μm×15 μm,后阴子宫囊较短.     

滑刃属一新种——盘尾滑刃线虫的描述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从中国山东省乳山市大画眉草Eragrostis cilianensis的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种盘尾滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides disccaudatus sp.nov.。雌虫具有以下特征:虫体小,侧线3条;唇区较高,缢缩明显;尾钩状,末端具平盘状尾尖突。雄虫未见。     

中国马尾松木上伞滑刃属线虫新种记述

在福建省泉州市南安的马尾松树上发现伞滑刃属线虫1新种,拟小松伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus parapinasetri sp.nov.,新种热杀死体形及形态测量值大小与小松伞滑刃线虫B.pinasteri非常相似,但两者区别主要为:新种口针长,有基部球,雌虫无阴门盖,而近似种则与之相反;两者雄虫交合刺、交合伞形态及尾部乳突数量等方面特征也不同.     

盅口属三种线虫扫描电镜的比较研究(杆形目,圆线科)

利用扫描电镜技术首次对四刺盅口线虫Cyathostomum tetracanthum、碗形盅口线虫C.catinatum和蝶状盅口线虫C.pateratum的体表结构特征进行观察和比较.结果表明:3种线虫在外叶冠的形状和数目、雄虫生殖锥和雌虫尾部等结构方面存在一定的差异.四刺盅口线虫的外叶冠由20或22个小叶组成,小叶末端尖,向外翻卷;雄虫生殖锥背唇上有1对大的乳房状附属物;雌虫尾部直,尾长114 (92 ～128)μm.碗形盅口线虫的外叶冠由22个小叶组成,小叶末端钝圆,平直伸向口孔;雄虫生殖锥背唇上无明显的附属物;雌虫尾部呈“人脚形”,尾长62 (54～68) μm.蝶状盅口线虫的外叶冠由24个小叶组成,小叶末端尖,平直伸向口孔;雄虫生殖锥背唇上有1对细长的指状附属物;雌虫尾部呈“人脚形”,尾长93 (78～109) μm.研究结果为盅口线虫的分类鉴定提供了更稳定的形态学依据.     

无孔小咽属线虫一新种(线虫纲,矛线目,孔咽科)

描述了采自山东省胶南市蓝莓Vaccinium corymbosumL.根部的线虫1新种,即胶南无孔小咽线虫Aporcelaimellus jiaonanensis sp.nov.。新种主要的鉴别特征是雌虫虫体中等长度,强壮,体表角质层由明显的两层组成;唇区缢缩明显,唇瓣彼此分离,呈角状;齿针强壮;内阴唇骨化明显,呈心形;尾圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突,尾尖突末端钝,尾长是肛门处体宽的1.1～1.4倍。新种的近似种是亚马逊无孔小咽线虫A.amazonicus Andrassy,2004和岛居无孔小咽线虫A.insularis Andrassy,2004。新种与前者的主要区别是:新种内阴唇呈心形,尾尖突末端钝;亚马逊无孔小咽线虫内阴唇长且窄,不呈心形,尾尖突末端锐尖。新种与后者的主要区别是:新种虫体较长,尾较长、呈圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突;岛居无孔小咽线虫虫体较短,尾很短,向背面凹陷,具向背面弯曲的钉状尾尖突。     

棒尾拟短体线虫记述

棒尾拟短体线虫Pratylenchoides davicauda Geraert,Choi&Choi,1990为中国新纪录种.该种线虫的主要鉴别特征为:唇区前端平圆,具4～5条环纹;侧区6条侧线;食道腺双叶状从背侧长覆盖肠;雌虫双卵巢;尾圆筒形,末端无环纹或具2～3条不规则环纹;雄虫交合刺长21.8～26.2μm.     

滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从山东省乳山市牛筋草的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种,类刷尾滑刃线虫 Aphelenchoides parabrushmucronatus sp.nov,.该虫具有以下特征:雌虫虫体中等;唇区较高,缢缩明显;中食道球卵圆形;生殖系统发育良好,卵母细胞单列,受精囊和后阴子宫囊都含较大的圆形精子;雌虫尾圆柱形,尾端中间具有1试管刷状尾尖突.A.appendurus Singh,1967在形态上与新种相似,区别在于前者有两条侧线,虫体和口针更长,尾巴相对较短(L=720-880μm;stylet=16～17μm;tail=38.4μm).A.seiachicus Nesterov,1973在形态上也与新种相似,区别在于前者虫体更小,口针、尾巴更短(L=370-420μm;stylet=9.5μm;c'=3).     

短体属线虫一新种：（垫刃目：短体科）

作者对造成薯蓣Dioscorea opposita Thunb红斑病病原线虫进行了观察,鉴定该线虫为薯蓣短体线虫,新种Pratylenchus dioscoreae sp.nov.薯蓣短体线虫头部具有2个环纹,侧带处具6—8条侧线;雌虫口针长16.8—20.1(18.3) μm,V(％)=65.7—81.2(79.0)。雄虫和雌虫的比例近乎相等。     

New species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 (Nemata: Rhabdochonidae) from Rainbow Trout in California Streams

Three new species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 are described and illustrated from Salmo gairdneri Richardson (rainbow trout) in freshwater streams in California: Rhabdochona californiemis n. sp., R. paxmani n. sp., and R. satmonis n. sp. Rhabdochona californiensis n. sp. is characterized by 14 anteriorly directed teeth in the prostome, egg devoid of filaments or floats, male and female tail terminus with a single mucro, left (long) spicule slender with a moderate distended podoid terminal end, spicular ratio 1:3.8. Rhabdochona paxmani n. sp. is characterized by 10 teeth in the prostome, eggs with polar floats, left (long) spicule slender with podoid terminus distended and having a minute subterminal spine; right spicule with prominent gorgeret (barb), spicular ratio 1:4.3, male and female tail terminus with a cuticular conical rounded short projection. Rhabdochona salmoni, n. sp. is characterized by 10 teeth anteriorly directed in the prostome, eggs with polar floats, left spicule slender with a distended podoid terminus; right spicule with a sharply indented gorgeret, spicular ratio 1:4.3, male and female tail terminus with a conical or rounded tip.     

Steinernema aciari sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Guangdong, China

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema aciari sp. n. was described. It was recovered from a soil sample collected from Haimen town, Shantou district in the eastern coast of Guangdong province, the People's Republic of China during a survey for entomopathogenic nematodes. S. aciari sp. n. belongs to the Steinernema glaseri group. It can be separated from all described Steinernema species by the combined morphological and morphometrical characters of various stages of the nematodes. For male, the new species can be recognized by spicule length (86+/-6.3 microm); spicule tip blunt with a hook-like structure; gubernaculum with a short and Y-shaped cuneus and corpus well-separated posteriorly. For infective juvenile, the combination of the following characters: body length (1113+/-68 microm), distance from anterior end to excretory pore (95+/-3.7 microm), tail length (78+/-5.2 microm), and E % (123+/-7) can be used to differentiate the new species from other nematodes. For female, the tail (conoid with a long mamillate terminus and a distinct postanal swelling) and vulva (slightly protruding from body surface with conspicuous double flapped epiptygma) shapes can be used as diagnostic characters for the new species. The new species can also be distinguished from other Steinernema species by DNA sequences of either a partial 28S rDNA or the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA, and from the close related species S. glaseri, Steinernema longicaudum CWL05, and Steinernema guangdongense by cross-breeding test.     

中国广西平背叶蜂亚科三新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述平背叶蜂亚科3新种:薛氏片爪叶蜂Darjilingia xueae Wei et Liu,sp.nov.,黑痣狭腹叶蜂Athlophorusnigrostigmata W ei,sp.nov.,斑背蔡氏叶蜂Caiina maculoterga W ei et Niu,sp.nov.。     

Steinernema brazilense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Mato Grosso, Brazil

A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema brazilense n. sp., was isolated from a single soil sample collected from a natural forest in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. S. brazilense n. sp. is characterized morphologically by features of infective juveniles (IJ), males and females. For the IJ, body length averaging 1157 (1023-1284) μm, distance from anterior end to excretory pore 95 (87-102) μm, from anterior end to end of esophagus 148 (139-153) μm, tail length 85 (80-104) μm, D% and E% values 63 (58-70) and 106 (95-118.0), respectively. Lateral field pattern variable; the formula for the arrangement of ridges from head to tail is: 2, 4, 6, 8, 6, 2. For the male, the diagnostic characters include spicule averaging 83 (75-89) μm; D% about 65; the ratio SW% about 192. The length of spicule head is greater than width. Lateral field with one narrow ridge. First generation females are characterized by the presence of a ventral postanal swelling. S. brazilense n. sp. is morphologically close to Steinernema diaprepesi. It can be differentiated from S.diaprepesi by its longer IJ body length (1157 vs 1002 μm), longer distance from anterior end to excretory pore (110 vs 75 μm), a longer tail length (103 vs 83 μm); males of the new species with longer spicule (83 vs 79 μm). The new species can be distinguished further from other members of Steinernema glaseri group by characteristics of rDNA of ITS and D2D3 regions.     

中国黄海与中国东海管咽线虫属(线虫动物门)一新种与一新纪录

描述了中国黄海自由生活海洋线虫1新种Siphonolaimus boucheri sp.nov.,S.boucheri sp.nov.的主要特征是:口针短(21～23μm),头直径为10～11μm,圆形化感器直径为13μm,与相应体直径的比例为59%;短交接刺(61～65μm,为肛径的1.33倍),无交接辅器;尾巴圆锥形,雄性尾巴为肛径的3.57倍,雌性尾巴为肛径的4.58倍。同时,描述了中国东海管咽线虫科的1新纪录,Siphonolaimus profundus。模式标本存放于中国海洋大学生命学院。     

西藏东南部棘蛙属一新种记述(两栖纲：蛙科)

对产于西藏东南部察隅和墨脱的察隅棘蛙通过形态特征和数值分类作了进一步比较研究,结果认为：产于察隅的察隅棘蛙是一个有效种,而产于墨脱的标本应为一个新种,即墨脱棘蛙Paa medogensis sp.nov.。     

香港地区直翅目二新种

记述产于香港直翅目昆虫蝗科1新种,香港黄佛蝗Chlorophlaeoba hongkongensis sp.nov.及蚱科1新种黄条悠背蚱Euparatettix galbustriatus sp.nov.。香港黄佛蝗近似于台湾黄佛蝗Chlorophlaeoba taiwanensis Yin et al.,2007,主要区别为:1)复眼纵径为眼下沟长的2倍;2)前胸背板中、侧隆线间仅具1条附加纵隆线;3)中胸腹板侧叶间中隔近方形;4)前翅不具1条白纵纹。黄条悠背蚱近似于尖顶悠背蚱Euparatettix spicuvertex Zheng,1998,主要区别为:1)前胸背板后突极长,其超出后足股节顶端部分长约4mm;2)中足股节下缘平直;3)雌性下生殖板后缘具3齿;4)前胸背板中央具黄色纵条纹;5)后足股节下侧非黑色。     

Heterorhabditis atacamensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Atacama Desert, Chile

A new Heterorhabditis species of entomopathogenic nematode was isolated from soil of the Atacama Desert in Chile. The new species is characterized by morphometrics of the infective juvenile (IJ) with length (L)?=?611 (578-666)?μm, head to excretory pore length (EP)?=?115 (101-126)?μm, tail?=?69 (62-79)?μm long, (EP/tail)?×?100 (E%)?=?165 (149-182) and L/maximum body diameter (ratio a)?=?28 (25-31). The male has spicules 45 (40-49)?μm long, gubernaculum 20 (17-22)?μm long and (spicule length/anal body diameter)?×?100 (SW%)?=?205 (179-249). The hermaphroditic adult has shallow cuticular folds immediately anterior and posterior to the vulva, a slight post-anal swelling and a finely rounded tail terminus. Morphologically, H. atacamensis n. sp. resembles H. safricana, H. marelatus, H. downesi and H. amazonensis, but can be distinguished by characters of adult and IJ stages. In particular, for adult males, H. atacamensis n. sp. differs from H. amazonensis by the number and orientation of the genital papillae and from H. downesi by the position of the excretory pore; by the shape of the female tail terminus from H. downesi and by the position of the IJ hemizonid from H. marelatus. Heterorhabditis atacamensis n. sp. is further characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2D3 rDNA sequences, the closest species, H. safricana, being separated by 13?bp across 730?bp of the ITS (incorporating ITS1 (partial sequence), 5.8S (complete sequence), ITS2 (complete sequence)) and 5?bp across 592?bp of the partial 28S (incorporating D2D3) sequence. The morphological and molecular data confirm that H. atacamensis n. sp. is a valid species.