极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞生长、代谢及细胞周期的影响

目的研究一定参数的极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞(SK-HEP-1)在诸多方面的影响。方法在整个SK-HEP-1细胞的培养周期中用50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对其进行作用,并检测作用后细胞的增殖活性、生长动力学、代谢以及细胞周期的变化。结果50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对SK-HEP-1细胞的生长与代谢有抑制作用,并能阻碍其有丝分裂的进行。结论50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场为治疗人类恶性肿瘤提供了一种可能的手段。     

极低频磁场对人乳腺癌细胞蛋白质表达谱的影响

极低频磁场(ELF MF)被国际癌症研究中心列为可疑致癌物, 但其诱发肿瘤的具体机制并不清楚. 为此, 采用蛋白质组技术研究人乳腺癌细胞MCF7受ELF MF辐照后蛋白质表达谱的变化, 以探索确定该细胞的极低频磁场反应蛋白质. 在将MCF7细胞暴露于50 Hz, 0.4 mT正弦极低频磁场中24 h后, 直接抽提蛋白, 进行双向凝胶电泳. 凝胶经银染后, 使用PDQuest软件分析假辐照组与磁场辐照组间差异表达蛋白质斑点. 结果显示, 与假辐照组相比, 磁场辐照组中有6个蛋白质斑点的表达量发生显著改变(至少5倍的增加和减少), 同时, 在磁场辐照组中有19个蛋白点消失和19个新蛋白点出现. 通过搜索SWISS-PROT蛋白数据库, 对差异蛋白的类别和功能进行了初步推测. 在此基础上, 进一步选择3个差异表达蛋白斑点, 经胶内酶解后, 进行串联质谱分析, 分别鉴定为RNA结合蛋白调节亚基、 蛋白酶体β亚基7型前体和翻译调控肿瘤蛋白. 结果表明, 50 Hz, 0.4 mT极低频磁场辐照24 h改变了MCF7细胞内多种蛋白的表达水平, 影响环节涉及基因转录、蛋白翻译、蛋白代谢、功能蛋白相互作用等多个层面, 说明极低频磁场可能作为一种环境应激因素改变细胞的正常生理功能.     

低频电磁场与绿豆种子萌发

探讨低频电磁场的非热效应对绿豆种子萌发及其生长的影响,以及不同强度电磁场对种子萌发和生长的生物学效应。将绿豆种子置于低频电磁场(50Hz 2mT、4mT、6mT、8mT)下萌发、生长,对不同强度下种子萌发和生长情况进行观察分析表明：不同的电磁场强度对绿豆生物学效应是不同的;不同的电磁场强度对绿豆萌发以及随后的生长阶段的影响也是不同的。     

低频脉冲磁场对大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞增殖和缝隙连接蛋白43表达的影响

目的:探讨低频磁场对大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞(CMECs)增殖和缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)表达的影响.方法:设不同照射强度为(08.mT组,1.4mT组,1.8mT组)为照射组.不加磁场干预为对照组.照射条件;磁场频率为15Hz,强度分别为0.8mT、1.4mT、1.8mT,照射时间为4 h/d,连续照射7d.应用MTT法检测CMECs增殖,采用Western blot检测Cx43蛋白表达.结果:生长曲线结果显示,磁场能够促进CMECs增殖.1.4mT组照射第2d后CMECs生长速度加快,在第3d开始进入对数生长期,在第4d生长最为旺盛之后进入生长平台期,第2～7d与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),而且细胞生长曲线明显前移并且峰值增高.1.4mT组、1.8mT组CMECs增殖与对照组比较显著升高(P＞0.05).磁场照射后Cx43表达明显上调,1.4mT组、1.8mT组Cx43蛋白的表达均明显上升,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),0.8mT组cx43蛋白的表达与对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).而Cx43蛋白的表达1.4 mT组和1.8mT组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:低频脉冲磁场能促进CMECs增殖与增强细胞活力,上调Cx43表达,其在分子水平上的可能作用机制表现为对Cx43的有效调控.     

极低频正弦磁场对大鼠痛阈及氨基酸神经递质的影响

目的:探讨极低频正弦磁场对痛阈的影响以及脑内氨基酸神经递质在磁场镇痛中的作用。方法:20只SD大鼠暴露于55.6Hz、8.1mT正弦磁场中并利用辐射热甩尾法检测痛阈,同时用高效液相色谱检测暴露第11天和第14天大脑皮层和延髓谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量。结果:与对照组相比大鼠磁场暴露第10天和第11天痛阈明显提高(P0.05)。第11天大脑皮层和延髓的γ-氨基丁酸水平有明显改变(P0.05)。结论:极低频正弦磁场有镇痛作用,调节γ-氨基丁酸可能是其作用机制之一。     

低频交变磁场对肿瘤细胞作用的理论分析和实验结果

本文研究了低频交变磁场对细胞作用的理论机理和实验结果。交变磁场和交变磁场感应的电场对运动离子产生电场力,加速离子的运行。基于该理论分析,设计了一系列的实验来验证假定的理论,实验采用两种肿瘤细胞系（HL-60 and SK-Hep-1）。将肿瘤细胞暴露于50Hz,20mT连续正弦磁场4天,每24小时检测上清液Na^＋和K^＋浓度。结果发现,照射组和对照组的Na^＋和K^＋浓度有显著变化,实验结果和理论分析相符。     

不同磁处理方式对小球藻生长的影响

目的：利用恒定均匀磁场研究了不同磁处理方式和磁感应强度对小球藻生长的影响,探索磁处理技术应用于微藻培养的可能。方法：用t检验考察静止磁处理、循环磁处理和磁处理水三种不同的磁处理方式对小球藻生长的影响。结果：静止磁处理和循环磁处理分别在5．15mT和10．35mT范围促进小球藻生长,并且随磁感应强度增强分别从45mT与200mT开始表现出显著抑制生长作用．相同的磁感应强度下静止磁处理比循环磁处理的影响显著。未发现磁处理水对小球藻的生长有显著影响。结论：不同的磁处理方式对小球藻生长有不同的刺激与抑制的强度闽值;0．8T和1．2T磁感应强度处理下比生长速率下降的差别并不明显,说明磁处理的影响在此强度范围趋于稳定;磁处理水无显著影响说明磁场直接对小球藻细胞产生影响。     

极低频电磁场对骨肉瘤细胞的体外生物效应研究

目的:通过研究极低频电磁场对人骨肉瘤细胞系SOSP-9607-F4的细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞周期及侵袭能力的影响,达到筛选最佳极低频电磁场参数的目的。方法:体外培养人骨肉瘤细胞,按不同频率5 Hz、15 Hz、30 Hz、40 Hz、50 Hz,不同磁场强度0.1 m T、1 m T、5 m T、10 m T分组进行干预,每天辐照1次,每次3小时,连续3天,并设立对照组。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT)测定骨肉瘤细胞增殖活性(OD值),并计算肿瘤细胞抑制率,初步筛选出两组最佳的电磁场参数。采用流式细胞技术(Annexin V-FITC和PI双标)检测细胞凋亡情况和细胞周期变化。采用Transwell小室并通过结晶紫染色观察细胞侵袭情况。结果:MTT法检测细胞增殖活性(OD值),将磁场组与对照组进行比较,SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据分析,结果显示不同磁场干预组组间OD值差异明显,有统计学意义(P0.05),磁场组较对照组OD值低,有统计学意义(P0.05);流式细胞技术(FCM)测定结果显示,两组磁场组间骨肉瘤细胞凋亡比例存在差异,且高于正常组,有明显统计学意义;电磁场组15 Hz,0.1 m T骨肉瘤细胞G1期百分比明显高于对照组和电磁场组50 Hz,1 m T,S期百分比则降低;侵袭实验中穿过小室的细胞数量明显低于后两者。结论:通过筛选得出极低频电磁场15 Hz,0.1 m T对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,并可诱导或促使骨肉瘤细胞凋亡,减缓其侵袭能力,但其具体作用机制有待进一步研究。     

静磁场对单株人体体表正常菌生长影响的研究

本文通过40mT和120mT两种静磁场作用下表皮葡萄球菌生长过程的研究,发现试验所选强度静磁场加速了表皮葡萄球菌在对数生长期的生长速率,而在进入稳定生长期后其生长速率反而低于对照组,但就整个生长周期而言,静磁场作用下表皮葡萄球菌的总量大于对照组,表明了试验所选静磁场对表皮葡萄球菌生长有一定促进作用.     

静磁场对单株人体体表正常菌生长影响的研究

本文通过40mT和120mT两种静磁场作用下表皮葡萄球菌生长过程的研究,发现试验所选强度静磁场加速了表皮葡萄球菌在对数生长期的生长速率,而在进入稳定生长期后其生长速率反而低于对照组,但就整个生长周期而言,静磁场作用下表皮葡萄球菌的总量大于对照组,表明了试验所选静磁场对表皮葡萄球菌生长有一定促进作用。     

微流控芯片技术在细胞生物学研究中的应用进展

20世纪90年代以来,微流控芯片技术得到了快速发展。由于具有小型化、集成化、高通量、低消耗、分析快速等特点,微流控芯片作为一种新型的生物学研究平台,能够提供传统方法不具备的精细和可控制的细胞研究条件,在细胞生物学研究领域中得到了广泛关注。该文主要介绍其在细胞培养、分选、裂解、计数、凋亡检测、迁移、单细胞捕获、细胞间作用等方面的研究进展。     

The role of glutamine, serum and energy factors in growth of enterocyte-like cell lines

Background: Glutamine is routinely added to most cell cultures. Glutamine has been found to be the preferential nutrient to the rapidly replicating intestinal mucosa, but whether this is a metabolic effect or due to other properties of this amino acid is not determined. To study the importance of glutamine on the growth of two enterocyte-like cell lines, the effects of depriving the media or supplementing it with glutamine were assessed in media with different serum and energy supplements. Methods: CaCo-2 and HT-29 cells were grown in serum-free medium, with fetal bovine or synthetic serum, and with or without glucose or galactose. The glutamine content was varied between 0 and 4 mM. All growth assays were performed in triplicate by counting in a hemocytometer. Results: Both cell lines were dependent of serum factors for growth, but displayed distinct requirements on glutamine supplementation. Glutamine was an obligate supplement with dose-dependent correlation to growth (r=0.87, p<0.01) for CaCo-2 cells cultured in synthetic, but not in fetal bovine serum. In HT-29 cells, the correlation between glutamine and growth was significant (r=0,68, p<0,05) only in fetal bovine serum in the absence of galactose. Conclusion: This study shows that glutamine has different growth stimulating effects on two enterocyte-like cell lines studied. This could reflect different modes of action of glutamine on proliferation and differentiation in an enterocyte cell population.     

Besides Purkinje cells and granule neurons: an appraisal of the cell biology of the interneurons of the cerebellar cortex

Ever since the groundbreaking work of Ramon y Cajal, the cerebellar cortex has been recognized as one of the most regularly structured and wired parts of the brain formed by a rather limited set of distinct cells. Its rather protracted course of development, which persists well into postnatal life, the availability of multiple natural mutants, and, more recently, the availability of distinct molecular genetic tools to identify and manipulate discrete cell types have suggested the cerebellar cortex as an excellent model to understand the formation and working of the central nervous system. However, the formulation of a unifying model of cerebellar function has so far proven to be a most cantankerous problem, not least because our understanding of the internal cerebellar cortical circuitry is clearly spotty. Recent research has highlighted the fact that cerebellar cortical interneurons are a quite more diverse and heterogeneous class of cells than generally appreciated, and have provided novel insights into the mechanisms that underpin the development and histogenetic integration of these cells. Here, we provide a short overview of cerebellar cortical interneuron diversity, and we summarize some recent results that are hoped to provide a primer on current understanding of cerebellar biology.     

哺乳动物体细胞核移植中供体细胞的研究进展

在哺乳动物体细胞核移植中,供体细胞是影响其效率的主要因素之一。供体细胞的类型、细胞周期、细胞的培养代数、冷藏与冷冻处理,以及供体动物的性别、年龄等都可能影响核移植胚胎的发育。根据现有资料,简要综述了在哺乳动物体细胞核移植中有关供体细胞的研究进展。     

微囊化K562细胞生长周期及代谢特性的研究

以K562细胞为模型,分别进行微囊化和游离培养,运用流式细胞术考察两种培养体系下细胞周期和生长代谢变化;建立数学模型,模拟了两种培养体系下细胞的生长活性和代谢特性。实验发现：微囊化培养过程中的K562细胞处于DNA合成期（S期）的百分含量显著高于游离培养,并且细胞保持较高的增殖活性。模型计算表明,所建模型动力学参数能够很好地描述微囊化和游离两种培养体系下细胞的代谢情况;对细胞活性的理论计算表明,微囊化的细胞具有较高的增殖和代谢活性,同时细胞能够较长时间保持此活性;模型参数表明,两种培养体系下,葡萄糖对细胞生长的影响无显著差别 (k^Free_L≈k^APA_L),乳酸对游离培养细胞的生长具有明显抑制作用,但对微囊化培养细胞抑制作用较小(kFreeL>≈kAPAL)。     

Ultrastructural evidence for two-cell and three-cell neural pathways in the tentacle epidermis of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida.

Sensory and ganglion cells in the tentacle epidermis of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida were traced in serial transmission electron micrographs to their synaptic contacts on other cells. Sensory cell synapses were found on spirocytes, muscle cells, and ganglion cells. Ganglion cells, in turn, synapsed on sensory cells, spirocytes, muscle cells, and other neurons and formed en passant axo-axonal synapses. Axonal synapses on nematocytes and gland cells were not traced to their cells of origin, i.e., identified sensory or ganglion cells. Direct synaptic contacts of sensory cells with spirocytes and sensory cells with muscle cells suggest a local two-cell pathway for spirocyst discharge and muscle cell contraction, whereas interjection of a ganglion cell between the sensory and effector cells creates a local three-cell pathway. The network of ganglion cells and their processes allows for a through-conduction system that is interconnected by chemical synapses. Although the sea anemone nervous system is more complex than that of Hydra, it has similar two-cell and three-cell effector pathways that may function in local responses to tentacle contact with food.     

Of mice, frogs and flies: generation of membrane asymmetries in early development

Embryonic development begins with cleavage of the fertilized egg. Cleavage comprises two major processes: cytokinesis and formation of a polarized epithelial cell layer. The focus of this review is comparison of the generation of membrane polarity during embryonic cleavage in three different developmental model systems. In mammalian embryos, as exemplified by analysis of the mouse, generation of distinct membrane domains is uncoupled from cleavage divisions and is initiated in a specific developmental phase, called compaction. In Xenopus laevis embryos, generation of polarized blastomeres occurs simultaneously with cytokinesis. The origin of specific membrane domains of X. laevis polar blastomeres, however, can be traced back to oogenesis. Finally, in Drosophila melanogaster, generation of polarized cells occurs at cellularization. The relevance of cell adhesion, cell junctions and cytocortical scaffolds will be discussed for each of the model systems. Despite enormous morphologic differences, the three models share many common features; in particular, many important molecular interactions are conserved.     

Mammalian testis: a target of in vivo electroporation

Mammalian spermatogenesis consists of three biologically significant processes: stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, meiosis, and haploid cell morphogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these processes might provide clues to the puzzle of species preservation and evolution, and to treatments for male infertility. However, few useful in vitro systems exist to investigate these processes at present. To elucidate these mechanisms, in vivo electroporation of the testis might be a convenient option. Since DNA solution can be injected into the seminiferous tubule via the rete testis, similar to germ cell transplantation, it is easy to transfect expression vectors into various differentiated germ cells and supporting Sertoli cells with adequate electric shock. Unfortunately, it is difficult to create transgenic animals using this method because of its low efficiency. However, gain- and loss-of-function assays, promoter assays, and tagged-protein behavior assays can be conducted with this technique, as in in vitro culture systems.     

牛脂肪间充质干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为了给组织工程提供种子细胞,对牛间充质干细胞(Adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)进行体外分离培养。首先应用胶原酶消化法分离牛ADSCs,进行体外培养、连续传代,并观察细胞的形态变化,通过细胞计数绘制生长曲线,细胞压片进行染色体分析,采用细胞免疫荧光化学方法检测细胞表面标记,利用成骨分化和成脂分化检测其分化能力。结果显示牛ADSCs体外培养时细胞形态呈成纤维细胞样,增殖稳定;Vimentin、CD49d、CD13表达呈阳性,CD34表达呈阴性;成骨诱导条件下的细胞碱性磷酸酶活性高,茜素红染色呈阳性;成脂诱导条件下细胞周围脂滴明显,油红-O染色呈阳性。结果证明牛ADSCs体外生长稳定、增殖速度快、定向分化能力强,简易的体外分离培养及诱导方法为其在组织工程中的应用奠定了基础。     

Towards the development of a minimal cell model by generalization of a model of Escherichia coli: use of dimensionless rate parameters.

A model of a minimal cell would be a valuable tool in identifying the organizing principles that relate the static sequence information of the genome to the dynamic functioning of the living cell. Our approach for developing a minimal cell model is to first generalize an existing model of Escherichia coli by expressing reaction rates as ratios to a set of reference parameters. This generalized model is a prototype minimal cell model that will be developed by adding detail to explicitly include each chemical species. We tested the concept of a generalized model by testing the effect of scaling all enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the E. coli model. The scaling has little effect on cellular function for a wide range of kinetic ratios, where the kinetic ratio is defined as the rate of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a given model relative to those in the E. coli model.