‘长营’橄榄果实挥发性成分分析

采用固相微萃取法和气相色谱-质谱联用法,对福建闽侯地区的优良橄榄品种'长营'橄榄(Canarium album'Changying')果实的香气成分进行分析,分离出22个峰,确认了22种化学物名称及其相对含量.结果表明:'长营'橄榄挥发油主要成分为石竹烯、八氢-7-甲基-3-亚甲基-4-异丙基-1H-五环[1,3]三环[1,2]苯、1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基萘、古巴烯、α-石竹烯、丁基羟基甲苯、β-蒎烯、α-毕澄茄油烯等,其中石竹烯含量最高,达42.40%.比较'冬节圆'橄榄、'三棱'榄橄的挥发物成分,表明橄榄挥发物的主要成分为烯类,但成分各不相同.可见不同品种或不同产地的橄榄香气成分差异较大.     

超临界CO_2萃取和水蒸汽蒸馏法研究乌药中挥发性有机物

用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE-CO2)和水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)对乌药中挥发性有机物进行提取,并运用GC-MS法分析了2种提取物中的化学成份。结果表明:SFE-CO2法提取物的产率为6.67%,SD法提取物的产率为0.60%;两种方法提得的乌药挥发性有机物中共鉴定出58个成分,其中SFE-CO2法和SD法提取物被鉴定的成分分别为46个和36个,共有成分24个,主要有柠檬烯、龙脑、龙脑乙酸酯、β-榄香烯、α-古云烯、桉叶4(14),11-二烯、δ-愈创木烯、4,4′-二甲基-2,2′-二亚甲基双环己基-3,3′-二烯、tau-杜松醇、β-桉叶油醇、8-甲基-2-苯基-4,7-二烯-2-壬醇、(2-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基)环丙基]呋喃)等成分,占SFE-CO2法提取物被鉴定成分的54.56%,占SD法提取物被鉴定成分的78.42%。     

中药新疆羌活根中挥发油的化学成分

采用气相色谱-质潜法,从中药新疆羌活(灰绿叶当归加Angelica glauca Edgew.)根挥发油中,分离出47个化合物,共鉴定了32个化合物,其中首次从该植物中分离的化合物有:(1)2,2-二甲基环氧乙烷;(2)甲酸乙烯酯;(3)6-甲基双环[3,2,0]-庚-6-烯-2-酮;(4)6-丙基-双环[3,2,0]-庚-3,6-二烯-2-酮;(5)6-丙基-双环[3,2,0]-庚-6-烯-2-酮;(6)1,4-甲基奥,十氢-4,8,8-三甲基-9-亚甲基,(1s-(1α,3aβ,4α,8aβ)];(7)螺(5,5)=十一-2-烯-3,7,3,-三甲基-11-亚甲基(即β-chamigrene);(8)去氢喇叭醇;(9)榄香醇类似物等。     

下田菊挥发油化学成分的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取下田菊(Adenostemma lavenia(L.)O.Ktze.)地上部分的挥发油,提取10h的挥发油得率为0.990%。采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术结合计算机检索对该挥发油的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中的35种成分,占总量的99.56%,其中α-荜澄茄油烯(32.62%)、石竹烯(24.97%)和γ-榄香烯(5.53%)为主要成分,此外α-石竹烯(3.97%)、α-恰米烯(3.57%)、双环[4,3,0]-7-亚甲基-2,4,4-三甲基-2-乙烯基-壬烷(3.41%)、γ-萜品烯(3.07%)、d-柠檬烯(2.57%)、α-蒎烯(2.49%)及2-蒈烯(2.28%)的含量也较高。     

湿地蒿挥发油成分研究

目的:分析湿地蒿的化学成分. 方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对湿地蒿挥发性化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量. 结果:经毛细管色谱分离了38个峰,并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物.其主要化学成分为7,11-二甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(56.20%);IR-α-蒎烯(18.63%);3-(苯二甲酰亚氨甲基)-苯甲酸(4.8%);1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-环己二烯(3.46%);6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-[3,1,1]二环庚烷(1.41%);庚烷(1.28%)等.     

4种石斛属植物花朵挥发性成分分析

为了解石斛属植物花朵中的挥发性成分, 利用固相微萃取(SPME)方法结合GC-MS 技术测定了鼓槌石斛、罗河石斛、细叶石斛和密花石斛盛花期的花朵挥发性成分及其相对含量。结果表明, 从4 种石斛属植物花朵中共鉴定出挥发性成分57 种, 包括酯类、萜烯类、醇类、烷类、醛类、酮类、醌类、芳香族和含氮化合物。4 种石斛花朵挥发性成分的组成和含量差异明显。鼓槌石斛和细叶石斛的主要香气成分是3-蒈烯, 相对含量分别为84.606% 和71.251%。罗河石斛挥发性成分中水杨酸甲酯相对含量最高(57.449%), 其次为D-柠檬烯(22.416%)。密花石斛花朵主要挥发性成分是2-亚甲基-4,8,8-三甲基-4-乙烯基-双环[5.2.0]壬烷(82.013%), 其次为α-法尼烯(4.699%)。这些对于香型石斛兰品种的培育和兰花精油产品开发提供了参考。     

棉蚜和茉莉酸甲酯诱导棉花挥发物组分分析

采用固相微萃取和气质联用技术,对健康棉叶、蚜害棉叶、蚜害棉叶-棉蚜复合物、茉莉酸甲酯处理棉叶以及棉蚜蜜露和棉蚜自身挥发物成分进行了提取和组分分析。共检测出27种挥发性化学物质。健康棉叶、蚜害棉叶、蚜害棉叶-棉蚜复合物、茉莉酸甲酯处理棉叶挥发物中,均含α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、十五烷、十六烷、十七烷、-Cyclohexen-1-ol,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-7种组份。蚜害棉叶或蚜害棉叶-棉蚜复合物中检测到α-水芹烯、α-石竹烯、α-法尼烯、2,6,10-三甲基十五烷、(E,Z)-2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯、2,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷、蒽、二酚基丙烷8种组份;3-蒈烯、(E)-β-法尼烯只在蚜害棉叶及茉莉酸甲酯处理棉叶中被检测出。在棉蚜及其蜜露中都能检查到壬醛、癸醛、十四烷、十五烷、十六烷、十七烷;而1-甲氧基-4-[(Z)-1-丙烯基]苯、(E)-β-法尼烯、菲只在棉蚜蜜露中被检查到;6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一双烯-2-酮只在棉蚜中被检测到。研究结果为进一步开展棉花、棉蚜挥发物对天敌昆虫的吸引作用研究奠定了基础。     

硬毛地笋挥发性成分研究

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法对硬毛地笋地上部分挥发油成分进行分离和鉴定。首次从硬毛地笋地上部分中鉴定出了20个化合物,占总挥发性成分的98.68%。主要挥发性成分为石竹烯(30.87%)、(–)-α-人参烯(11.56%)、佛术烯(9.38%)、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7,-环十一碳三烯(9.10%)、2-异丙基甲苯(5.65%)、大牛儿烯D(4.34%)、D-柠檬烯(3.95%)和γ-瑟林烯(3.79%)。     

大叶桉叶水浸提液成分分析

为进一步明确大叶桉的化学成分,对大叶桉叶水浸提液分别用不同极性的有机溶剂石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取,对各萃取相进行GC-MS分析。结果表明:大叶桉叶水浸提液共含有37种化合物,其中,石油醚萃取相中含有20种,主成分为草酸丁基异己酯(37.24%);乙酸乙酯萃取相中含有16种,主成分为2,2-二亚甲基双[6-(1,1-二甲基乙基-4-甲基)]-苯酚(50.05%);正丁醇萃取相中含有5种,主成分为丙基-2-甲基丁酸酯(54.57%)。在所有成分中,酯类物质居多,也有少量的烯、酮、醇、苯和烷烃。1-甲基,4-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4环己二烯、2,2-二亚甲基[6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基]苯酚、1-十八烯和二十烷为石油醚和乙酸乙酯的共有成分;1、2-苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯为乙酸乙酯和正丁醇的共有成分。该研究进一步明确了大叶桉的化学成分,为其在医药、化工和化感方面的应用研究奠定了基础。     

藏波罗花中一个新的单萜环烯醚

从藏药藏波罗花的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到了1个新的单萜类环烯醚。采用1H NMR、13C NMR、EI及HR-EI等方法鉴定结构分别为(1R,6S,8R,9R)-1-ethoxy-8-methyl-1,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde,该化合物为新化合物。     

山石榴果实挥发油的化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2提取山石榴果实挥发油,并利用GC-MS联用技术分析挥发油的化学组成。从山石榴果实挥发油中分离、鉴定出33个化合物,占挥发油总量的89.43%。挥发油主要由各种酯、脂肪酸成分组成,含量较高的成分是11,14-二十碳二烯酸甲酯(11,14-eicosadienoic acid,methyl ester,42.49%),棕榈酸(pal mitic acid,15.34%),硬脂酸(stearic acid,10.54%),肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid,6.26%),十六酸乙酯(hexa-decanoic acid,ethyl ester,5.84%)。     

狭叶薰衣草的离体培养及挥发性成分的分析

为建立新疆狭叶薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia)的快速繁殖体系,以种子、茎、叶为外植体,对种子萌发、愈伤组织诱导、丛芽分化和生根的最适培养条件进行了研究;用水蒸气蒸馏法提取狭叶薰衣草挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定挥发油成分。结果表明,种子浸泡的适宜时间为6 h,切开种皮培养,出芽时间最少为6 d;诱导种子出芽的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA2 mg/L;以茎为外植体诱导愈伤组织效果较好,适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L;诱导分化丛芽的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L;盆栽薰衣草和无菌苗薰衣草的挥发油主要成分相差较大,离体培养的薰衣草的主要挥发性成分有叶绿醇、丁香油烃、氧化石竹烯等。     

Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), one of the most popular aromatic plants, shows great variation in both morphology and essential oil components. In this study, the composition of 18 Turkish basil essential oils was investigated by GC and GC–MS. Variation of essential oils in the landraces was subjected to cluster analysis, and seven different chemotypes were identified. They were (1) linalool, (2) methyl cinnamate, (3) methyl cinnamate/linalool, (4) methyl eugenol, (5) citral, (6) methyl chavicol (estragol), and (7) methyl chavicol/citral. Methyl chavicol with high citral contents (methyl chavicol/citral) can be considered as a “new chemotype” in the Turkish basils. Because methyl eugenol and methyl chavicol have structural resemblance to carcinogenic phenylpropanoids, chemotypes having high linalool, methyl cinnamate or citral contents and a mixture of these is suitable to cultivate for use in industry.     

GC-MS法分析曼陀罗挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从曼陀罗中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量.结果从曼陀罗挥发油中鉴定出58种化合物,占总挥发油量的92.37%.其中主要成分为5,6-二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(44.29%)、二苯胺(12.50%)、四十四烷(10.41%)、二十烷(4.19%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(2.38%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(2.28%)等.     

玉兰肉质外种皮挥发性成分与功能的初步研究

以玉兰(Magnolia denudata Desr.)发育成熟的种子为材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法和GC-MS技术对其肉质外种皮化学成分的种类和含量进行了分析研究,并就玉兰肉质外种皮对其种子吸水和失水的影响以及化感作用进行比较研究,以探讨其相应的生态学和生物学功能。结果表明:(1)玉兰肉质外种皮占整个完整种子重量的48.25%,有无肉质外种皮对其种子自身吸水没有明显影响,但在失水过程中有肉质外种皮的种子失水较慢,具有一定的保水作用。(2)玉兰种子肉质外种皮中萜烯类和醇类的种类较多,分别有12种和11种;但酮类和酯类的相对含量较高,分别为32.84%和18.03%,其中含量较多的成分依次是甲基庚烯酮(31.95%)、乙酸丁酯(17.69%)、对伞花烃(13.64%)和芳樟醇(6.61%)。(3)玉兰肉质外种皮浸提液对豌豆、白菜种子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,且随着浸提液浓度增加,豌豆种子发芽率由86.7%下降为6.0%,白菜种子发芽率由28.0%下降为0。研究推测,玉兰种子的肉质外种皮在功能上可能是一种类似肉质果果肉的结构,具有丰富的化学成分,不仅可以吸引鸟类传播其种子,也具有一定的化感作用。     

无翅茶蚜对茶树挥发物的触角电生理和行为反应

分别使用昆虫触角电位仪(EAG)和四臂嗅觉仪,测定了无翅茶蚜Toxopteraaurantii Boyer对14种茶树挥发性化合物、14种挥发物中"绿叶气味"组成的混合物(GLV)、14种挥发物的混合物(ACB)、以及新鲜嫩叶、芽、嫩茎、成叶和茶蚜为害嫩叶(ADYL)的EAG反应和行为反应。ACB引出最大的EAG反应值,茶树挥发物主要组分Z-3-己烯-1-醇、E-2-己烯醛、n-己醇、水杨酸甲酯和苯甲醇也引起较大的EAG反应值。4种正常茶梢的器官也引出较大的EAG反应,以嫩叶最强、依次为芽、嫩茎和成叶。有趣的是ADYL引出弱的负的EAG值。用嗅觉仪进行的生物测定表明,嫩叶以及主要的茶梢挥发性成分乙酸-Z-3-己烯酯、水杨酸甲酯、E-2-己烯-1-醇和Z-3-己烯-1-醇等也具有较强引诱活性。研究显示无翅茶蚜可能利用茶梢挥发物作为利它素而寻觅适宜的取食场所,如茶树嫩梢。     

Structure of the Linear Repeating Unit of Succinoglycan Accumulated in Cultures of Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes

A new and efficient synthesis of γ-homocyclogeranial (4), γ-dihydroionone (3) and their derivatives, 5, 6, 7 and 8, volatile components of ambergris, is described. Their compounds were synthesized via Claisen rearrangement of (3,3-dimethylcyclohexenyl)methyl vinyl ether (14).     

Volatile Components Formed by Thermal Degradation of Nondialyzable Melanoidins Prepared from Sugar–Amino Acid Reaction Systems

The nondialyzable melanoidins prepared from glucose-glycine (I), xylose-glycine (II) and glucose-β-alanine (III) reaction systems were pyrolyzed at 350°C for 0.5 ~ 2hr and the volatile pyrolyzates were investigated. To trap the volatile compounds, cold trapping and Tenax GC trapping methods were used. Identification of these compounds was made by gas chromatographymass spectrometry using a glass capillary column. The volatile components of I and II were qualitatively similar to each other. Major components of volatile pyrolyzates of I and II were identified as methyl acetate, five furans, toluene, two pyrroles, two pyridines and acetic acid. The major volatile components of III were methyl acetate, five furans, two 2-cyclopentenones, pyrrole, two pyridines and acetic acid.     

The aggregation-attachment pheromone of the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari,Ixodidae): Isolation,identification and action of its components

Combining a new in vitro bioassay with the analytical method capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the aggregation-attachment pheromone produced by fed males of the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum was shown to consist of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and pelargonic acid in the approximate amounts of 2/1/8 × 10^?6 g/tick. A synthetic pheromone blend composed of those three volatile compounds evoked an aggregation response in unfed males and females in a bioassay comparable to the response to a natural pheromone source. Of the individual components. only o-nitrophenol induced a significant, although not complete aggregation response. Methyl salicylate and pelargonic acid contribute to complete pheromone activity, but induce no aggregation response at all, when offered separately.     

Volatile compounds of Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. et Viv. Honey obtained by HS-SPME and USE analyzed by GC/MS

Chemical analysis of Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. et Viv. honey is of great importance, since melissopalynology does not allow the unambiguous determination of its botanical origin. Therefore, the volatile compounds of eight unifloral asphodel honeys have been investigated for the first time. The honey extracts were obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonicsolvent extraction (USE) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In the honey headspace, 31 volatile compounds were identified with high percentages of 2-phenylacetaldehyde (2; 14.8–34.7%), followed by somewhat lower percentages of methyl syringate (1; 10.5–11.5%). Compound 2 is not a specific marker of the botanical origin of the honey, but its high percentage can be emphasized as headspace characteristic of asphodel honey. The extraction solvent for all the samples was selected after extracting a representative sample with pentane, Et(2)O, pentane/Et(2)O 1:2 (v/v), and CH(2)Cl(2) . Compound 1 was the major constituent of all the USE extracts (46.8–87.0%). According to these preliminary results, all the honey samples were extracted by USE with the solvent pentane/Et(2)O 1:2. A total of 60 volatile compounds were identified with 1 as predominant compound (69.4–87.0%), pointing out 1 as Asphodelus honey volatile marker.