贵阳市湖泊沉积物中铁还原菌的季节分布

采用滚管计数法检测了贵阳市红枫湖、百花湖、阿哈湖沉积物不同季节铁还原菌(DIRB)含量,并分析了其pH及有机质等理化参数,检测了其沉积物孔隙水中铁、硫酸根含量。阿哈湖、百花湖和红枫湖沉积物中DIRB含量分别为1.09×104~8.83×105、1.05×104~3.43×105和4.80×103~4.47×105cells·g-1。暖季(6和9月)沉积物DIRB含量高于冬季(2月)1~2个数量级,且表层沉积物DIRB含量与界面水溶解氧含量呈显著相关(P0.05),表明沉积物DIRB含量受溶解氧和温度影响明显。由于受到沉积物中O2、SO42-等其他微生物可利用电子受体的控制,沉积物剖面上DIRB活动区域随着冬夏季节交替有向沉积物上部迁移的趋势。虽然阿哈湖长期受酸性煤矿废水污染,但各湖泊丰富的有机质(60~140 g·kg-1)及适宜的pH(6.2~7.1)为铁还原菌的生长提供了适宜的生长环境,使得水库之间沉积物铁还原菌在数量级上差异不大,但阿哈湖沉积物中铁还原菌生长峰值明显高于红枫湖、百花湖。     

炼油厂循环冷却水系统中有害微生物的研究

调查了我国十六个主要炼油厂循环冷却水系统中主要引起污损、腐蚀的有害微生物——形成粘液异养菌、硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、真菌的数量及类型;探讨了菌数量和污损危害的相关性,从而提出了炼油厂循环冷却水有害菌控制指标：粘液异养菌<105／ml,硫酸盐还原菌<102／ml,铁细菌<103／ml,真菌相似文献   

健康成年人肠道硫酸盐还原菌和丁酸盐产生菌的性别差异

探究人体肠道内重要的功能菌——硫酸盐还原菌和丁酸盐产生菌在健康成年个体中的数量,并分析其与年龄、性别的关系。采集40名健康成年志愿者(男性:女性=1:1,年龄23~53岁)的粪便样品,采用试剂盒Invi Mag誖Stool DNA Kit联合Bead beating的方法提取粪便中细菌总DNA。通过定量PCR技术对总菌、硫酸盐还原菌以及丁酸盐产生菌的拷贝数进行定量检测。结果显示,40名健康成年人每纳克粪便DNA中含有的细菌总量为(9.22×106±7.35×106)个拷贝,硫酸盐还原菌拷贝数为(9.21×103±9.87×103),而丁酸盐产生菌拷贝数稍高于硫酸盐还原菌,为(2.68×104±3.08×104)。硫酸盐还原菌和丁酸盐产生菌的数量在不同个体间存在较大差异。Spearman相关分析显示三类基因的拷贝数与志愿者年龄无显著相关关系。硫酸盐还原菌和丁酸盐产生菌的拷贝数及其相对丰度存在显著的性别差异,表现在男性个体含有更少的硫酸盐还原菌(p0.05)和更多的丁酸盐产生菌(p0.01)。本研究揭示了硫酸盐还原菌和丁酸盐产生菌在健康成年人肠道内的数量,为进一步探究肠道菌群的性别差异提供了新的思路。     

鱼虾混养生态系中细菌动态变化的研究

中国对虾和黑鲷混养生态系中几种主要细菌的动态变化研究结果表明 ,养殖初期 ,鱼虾混养池水体中异养菌总量和硝酸盐还原菌数量较低 ,但高于对照的对虾单养池 .随着养殖时间的推移 ,对照池的两种菌的菌量急剧增加 ,8、9月份菌量仍维持在较高水平 ;而混养池的菌量在高温季节虽有增加 ,但仍保持在 10 4 cells·ml-1范围内 ,增长幅度远远低于对照池 ,且 9月底开始下降 .底泥中的细菌数量与水体中细菌有相似的变化规律 ,但一般高于同期水中菌量 1～ 2个数量级 .混养池中的弧菌数量一直低于同期对照池 .可见 ,鱼虾混养可通过对养殖生态系中细菌的激活和调节作用 ,调节生态系统的物质循环 ,使其保持高速、稳定运行 ,为对虾生长提供一个健康而稳定的环境 ,同时增加综合养殖效益     

样品磷化氢含量与某些微生物群落及酶活的关系

探讨了样品中磷化氢含量与不同微生物群落及几种酶活性的关系。结果表明,样品的磷化氢含量与厌氧微生物总量、有机磷细菌、反硝化细菌、碱性磷酸酶活性及脱氢酶活性呈显著的正相关关系,其相关系数(R2)分别达到了0.93,0.90,0.69,0.79和0.82;而与好氧异养微生物总量、无机磷细菌、硫酸盐还原菌、酸性磷酸酶的关系不大。此结果说明,相关类群的微生物在磷化氢的产生中可能起重要的作用。     

硫酸盐还原菌检测与应用研究进展

硫酸盐还原菌是自然界存在最为广泛的细菌之一,近年来该类微生物研究日益受到国内外学者的关注。本文对硫酸盐还原菌的鉴定、量化和应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

微生物对油田污水-聚丙烯酰胺体系粘度的影响

比较了厌氧和曝气处理后的油田采出水配制聚丙烯酰胺溶液(采出水-聚丙烯酰胺体系)粘度及该体系中腐生菌,铁细菌和硫酸盐还原菌的数量变化。结果表明,曝气有利于聚合物溶液粘度的保持,粘度损失率明显低于厌氧采出水-聚合物体系。总体上,腐生菌或其代谢产物对聚合物粘度的影响很小;铁细菌可以利用聚合物生长,是破坏聚合物粘度的主要微生物类群;硫酸盐还原菌不能直接利用大分子量聚合物,可以利用小分子或分子链断裂的聚合物生长。     

一种肠道硫酸盐还原菌的增菌培养基

目的针对已经分离、纯化的肠道硫酸盐还原菌,建立一种能快速、高效地培养菌体的培养基。方法比较营养丰富的GAM肉汤与常用于培养硫酸盐还原菌的选择性培养基Postgate的培养效果,摸索在GAM肉汤中添加不同浓度的硫酸盐对两种肠道硫酸盐还原菌-Desulfovibrio desulfuricans和Desulfovibrio intestina—zis的培养效果。确定效果最佳的改良GAM培养基配方,并测定在该培养基中D．desulful＇icans的生长曲线。结果与Postgate培养基相比,GAM肉汤能在2d内快速培养D．desulfugicans,但培养至6d时细菌数量大幅降低。在GAM肉汤中添加Na2SO4与FeSO4,在实验浓度范围内,均显著地促进硫酸盐还原菌的生长。在此基础上改良GAM肉汤培养基,培养得到的细菌数量较GAM肉汤显著提高。D．desulfuricans的生长曲线显示,2d时细菌生长达到最高峰,数量可达3．5×10^7 CFU／mL;培养6d,细菌数量为7．3×10^6 CFU／mL。结论基于GAM肉汤改良而得到的增菌培养基,能快速、高效地培养肠道硫酸盐还原菌,为后续进一步研究肠道硫酸盐还原菌的生理功能提供了支持。     

分离自活性污泥的硫酸盐还原菌用于铅锌冶炼渣重金属污染修复

【背景】从活性污泥中分离出一类具有硫酸盐还原能力的菌株,探讨了其用于铅锌冶炼渣重金属污染修复的可行性。【目的】研究硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reducing bacteria)对铅锌冶炼渣中重金属的固化作用。【方法】将从活性污泥中分离出的硫酸盐还原菌接种到铅锌冶炼渣中进行修复,采用X射线衍射、Tessier、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测、高通量测序等方法进行实验。检测铅锌冶炼渣中矿物组成,以及修复过程中重金属化学形态、各金属离子浓度和微生物群落结构的变化。【结果】修复实验表明,体系中电位降低、pH值提高、各重金属稳定态增加、离子浓度降低且微生物群落结构变化显著,硫酸盐还原菌成为优势菌群。【结论】接种硫酸盐还原菌后铅锌冶炼渣中的重金属原位固化效果显著,从而降低生物可利用性,将恶性循环变为良性循环,所以硫酸盐还原菌可用作重金属污染修复的固化药剂。     

宝天高速公路路域土壤微生物群落特征的比较研究

土壤微生物生态变化对于监测和分析重大工程之后土壤生态系统的恢复与治理有重要的意义。通过对宝天高速公路路域与林区(对照区)典型植被下的土壤微生物特征进行对比分析, 得出结果如下: 1、路域土壤微生物总量在4.45×106cfu·g^–1dw-1.21×1010 cfu·g^–1dw 之间, 路域土壤细菌和放线菌的数量多于对照区, 而真菌数量少于对照区; 路域土壤细菌和真菌种属组成均少于对照区; 功能菌数量如解钾硅酸盐细菌、有机磷分解菌以及固氮菌数量都低于对照区; 2、土壤微生物分布格局是距离道路路边由近及远, 微生物中细菌、放线菌数量呈增加趋势, 真菌数量呈减少趋势;3、土壤微生物三大类群和功能菌与植被类型、植被覆盖度、土壤含水率以及海拔相关。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.